Insect vector
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WHO technical report series ; no. 153
67 s. : il.
Many plant viruses are vectored by insects in a persistent circulative manner. The insect gut and salivary gland are important barriers limiting virus spread, but the mechanisms by which viruses are able to cross the gut escape barriers of the insect remain largely unknown. Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), transmitted by Psammotettix alienus in a persistent, circulative, and nonpropagative manner, causes the most economically important virus disease in wheat. In this study, ADP ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) was found to interact with the coat protein of WDV in a yeast two-hybrid, pull-down assay and to colocalise with virions in the gut and salivary glands of P. alienus. When transcription of ARF1 was suppressed by RNA interference, the WDV titre decreased in the haemolymph and salivary glands, and transmission efficiency decreased, but titre in the gut did not differ from that of the control. These data suggest that ARF1 of P. alienus binds to the WDV virion and helps virus spread from gut to haemolymph. Our study provides direct experimental evidence that WDV can use the existing membrane trafficking mechanism to aid its spread within the insect vector. This first analysis of the molecular interaction between WDV and its vector P. alienus contributes to understanding the mechanisms involved in circulative transmission of the virus by the leafhopper vector.
- MeSH
- ADP-ribosylační faktor 1 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- Geminiviridae patogenita MeSH
- Hemiptera genetika metabolismus virologie MeSH
- hmyz - vektory genetika MeSH
- nemoci rostlin virologie MeSH
- RNA interference MeSH
- slinné žlázy metabolismus virologie MeSH
- střeva virologie MeSH
- techniky dvojhybridového systému MeSH
- virion metabolismus MeSH
- virové plášťové proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Blood-sucking arthropods belonging to the order Diptera, encompassing mosquitoes, sandflies, midges, blackflies, horseflies and tsetseflies serve as vectors for a myriad of pathogens, inflicting substantial harm on both human and animal health globally. The analysis and visualisation of global hotspots and trends pertaining to vector-borne diseases, stemming from these six categories of arthropods, constituted a reliable reference for further delving into the research on Diptera insect vectors. To achieve this, we mined literature information from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), encompassing all publications related to these six arthropod groups, and leveraged VOSviewer software for bibliometric analysis and visualisation. This resulted in the construction of comprehensive relationship networks encompassing keywords, countries, institutions and authors. A comprehensive analysis encompassed 41,393 research publications, segmented into 34,363 studies on mosquitoes, 1,668 on sandflies, 3,665 on midges, 241 on blackflies, 336 on horseflies and 1,120 on tsetseflies. The bibliometric analysis, coupled with visual characterisation, offered a multifaceted synthesis of the gathered data from diverse angles. The scientometric analysis quantitatively assessed and identified the contributions of keywords, countries, institutions and authors pertaining to the research of each vector. The resulting visualisation knowledge maps elucidate collaborative network relationships within the respective vector research domains. This research endeavour stems from numerous driving forces, and a comprehensive grasp of its future trajectories and research hotspots can empower scientists with historical perspectives and forward-looking insights, fostering the formulation of innovative and impactful research ideas for the years ahead.
- MeSH
- bibliometrie * MeSH
- Diptera * MeSH
- hmyz - vektory * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci přenášené vektory * epidemiologie přenos MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- chitin metabolismus MeSH
- Culex parazitologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- hmyz - vektory parazitologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- leishmanióza kožní přenos MeSH
- Psychodidae parazitologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- trypanozomiáza přenos MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
A prerequisite for possible autochthonous transmission of the Zika virus in Europe would be the presence of a competent mosquito species of the genus Aedes. The Aedes aegypti mosquito has been recognized worldwide as a Zika virus vector, and the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is considered as a potential alternative vector. In Europe, Aedes aegypti is only present on the Madeira island and locally along the east coast of the Black Sea. However, Aedes albopictus is abundant in nearly all Mediterranean countries, southern Switzerland, and in the Balkans. The key question is as follows: Are the European populations of Aedes albopictus competent for Zika virus transmission?
Pro případný autochtonní přenos viru Zika v Evropském regionu je nutná přítomnost kompetentního komářího přenašeče (vektor) rodu Aedes. Celosvětově je komár tropický (Aedes aegypti) prokázaný přenašeč viru Zika, komár tygrovaný (Aedes albopictus) je považován za pravděpodobného alternativního přenašeče. Výskyt Ae. aegypti v Evropě je omezen na ostrov Madeira a okrskově na východní pobřeží Černého moře. Avšak Ae. albopictus se vyskytuje, mnohdy velmi hojně, prakticky ve všech středomořských státech, v jižním Švýcarsku a na Balkáně. Klíčová otázka zní: jsou evropské populace Ae. albopictus schopny přenést virus Zika?
- Klíčová slova
- komár tropický, komár tygrovaný, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus,
- MeSH
- Aedes * MeSH
- Flaviviridae * MeSH
- hmyz - vektory * MeSH
- infekce viry z čeledi Flaviviridae přenos MeSH
- virus zika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Vector-borne diseases cause over 700,000 deaths annually and represent 17% of all infectious illnesses worldwide. This public health menace highlights the importance of understanding how arthropod vectors, microbes and their mammalian hosts interact. Currently, an emphasis of the scientific enterprise is at the vector-host interface where human pathogens are acquired and transmitted. At this spatial junction, arthropod effector molecules are secreted, enabling microbial pathogenesis and disease. Extracellular vesicles manipulate signaling networks by carrying proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and regulatory nucleic acids. Therefore, they are well positioned to aid in cell-to-cell communication and mediate molecular interactions. This Review briefly discusses exosome and microvesicle biogenesis, their cargo, and the role that nanovesicles play during pathogen spread, host colonization and disease pathogenesis. We then focus on the role of extracellular vesicles in dictating microbial pathogenesis and host immunity during transmission of vector-borne pathogens.
- MeSH
- amébiáza parazitologie přenos MeSH
- členovci - vektory * mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Culicidae mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- exozómy imunologie mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- extracelulární vezikuly * imunologie mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- filarióza parazitologie přenos MeSH
- Hemiptera mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- imunomodulace MeSH
- infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- leishmanióza parazitologie přenos MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malárie parazitologie přenos MeSH
- nemoci přenášené vektory * mikrobiologie parazitologie přenos MeSH
- Psychodidae mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- trypanozomiáza parazitologie přenos MeSH
- virové nemoci mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Mosquito faunal studies were carried out in five separate wetland regions in the Czech Republic during 2004-2007, sampling with dry ice-baited and sentinel host-baited CDC traps. A total of 79,245 adults was identified, representing 23 mosquito species that belonged to the genera Anopheles, Culiseta, Coquillettidia, Aedes, and Culex. Our findings reveal that the mosquito fauna is enriched by new elements in the Mediterranean region. Historical and CDC trap data suggest that the newly-emerging potential malaria vector, Anopheles hyrcanus, has reached the northern limit of its distribution in the Czech Republic, and the important West Nile virus (WNV) vector, Culex modestus, has widened its distribution in the Czech Republic. No significant differences were observed in a total number of mosquitoes collected by traps baited with either the sentinel animals or with CO2, although species abundance differed. A relatively higher proportion of Cx. modestus was collected in the sentinel-baited traps, while the proportion of Cx. pipiens was higher in the CO2-baited traps.
- MeSH
- Anopheles fyziologie MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- Culex fyziologie MeSH
- demografie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hmyz - vektory fyziologie virologie MeSH
- malárie přenos MeSH
- mokřady MeSH
- virus západního Nilu fyziologie MeSH
- západonilská horečka přenos MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Leishmania infantum is the most widespread etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the world, with significant mortality rates in human cases. In Latin America, this parasite is primarily transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis, but the role of Lutzomyia migonei as a potential vector for this protozoan has been discussed. Laboratory and field investigations have contributed to this hypothesis; however, proof of the vector competence of L. migonei has not yet been provided. In this study, we evaluate for the first time the susceptibility of L. migonei to L. infantum. METHODS: Females of laboratory-reared L. migonei were fed through a chick-skin membrane on rabbit blood containing L. infantum promastigotes, dissected at 1, 5 and 8 days post-infection (PI) and checked microscopically for the presence, intensity and localisation of Leishmania infections. In addition, morphometric analysis of L. infantum promastigotes was performed. RESULTS: High infection rates of both L. infantum strains tested were observed in L. migonei, with colonisation of the stomodeal valve already on day 5 PI. At the late-stage infection, most L. migonei females had their cardia and stomodeal valve colonised by high numbers of parasites, and no significant differences were found compared to the development in L. longipalpis. Metacyclic forms were found in all parasite-vector combinations since day 5 PI. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that Lutzomyia migonei belongs to sand fly species permissive to various Leishmania spp. Here we demonstrate that L. migonei is highly susceptible to the development of L. infantum. This, together with its known anthropophily, abundance in VL foci and natural infection by L. infantum, constitute important evidence that L. migonei is another vector of this parasite in Latin America.
Leishmaniases are vector-borne parasitic diseases with 0.9 - 1.4 million new human cases each year worldwide. In the vectorial part of the life-cycle, Leishmania development is confined to the digestive tract. During the first few days after blood feeding, natural barriers to Leishmania development include secreted proteolytic enzymes, the peritrophic matrix surrounding the ingested blood meal and sand fly immune reactions. As the blood digestion proceeds, parasites need to bind to the midgut epithelium to avoid being excreted with the blood remnant. This binding is strictly stage-dependent as it is a property of nectomonad and leptomonad forms only. While the attachment in specific vectors (P. papatasi, P. duboscqi and P. sergenti) involves lipophosphoglycan (LPG), this Leishmania molecule is not required for parasite attachment in other sand fly species experimentally permissive for various Leishmania. During late-stage infections, large numbers of parasites accumulate in the anterior midgut and produce filamentous proteophosphoglycan creating a gel-like plug physically obstructing the gut. The parasites attached to the stomodeal valve cause damage to the chitin lining and epithelial cells of the valve, interfering with its function and facilitating reflux of parasites from the midgut. Transformation to metacyclic stages highly infective for the vertebrate host is the other prerequisite for effective transmission. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of molecular interactions occurring in all these distinct phases of parasite colonization of the sand fly gut, highlighting recent discoveries in the field.
- MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt parazitologie MeSH
- hmyz - vektory MeSH
- Leishmania fyziologie MeSH
- Psychodidae parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- hmyz - vektory MeSH
- infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- onchocerkóza epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Nigérie MeSH
