Livestock Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- MeSH
- cysticerkóza veterinární MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
- skot MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
sv.
- MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- metody výživy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- periodika MeSH
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by several species of fungi, including the Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium species. Currently, more than 300 structurally diverse mycotoxins are known, including a group called minor mycotoxins, namely enniatins, beauvericin, and fusaproliferin. Beauvericin and enniatins possess a variety of biological activities. Their antimicrobial, antibiotic, or ionoforic activities have been proven and according to various bioassays, they are believed to be toxic. They are mainly found in cereal grains and their products, but they have also been detected in forage feedstuff. Mycotoxins in feedstuffs of livestock animals are of dual concern. First one relates to the safety of animal-derived food. Based on the available data, the carry-over of minor mycotoxins from feed to edible animal tissues is possible. The second concern relates to detrimental effects of mycotoxins on animal health and performance. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the relation of minor mycotoxins to livestock animals.
Ticks transmit at least the same number or even more pathogens than any other group of blood-feeding arthropods worldwide affecting humans and animals. The eco-friendly control and management of tick vectors in a constantly changing environment is a crucial challenge. Besides the development of vaccines against ticks, IPM practices aimed at reducing tick interactions with livestock, emerging pheromone-based control tools, and few biological control agents, the extensive employment of acaricides and tick repellents still remain the most effective and ready-to-use strategies. However, the former is limited by the development of growing resistances as well as environmental concerns. Exploiting plants and plant products as sources of effective tick repellents and acaricides represents a promising strategy. In this scenario, the preservation of ethnobotanical information on repellent and acaricidal potential of plants is crucial. Here, we evaluated relevant information published in recent years, focused on plants used as repellents and acaricides against tick vectors in different regions worldwide. We selected a total of 238 plant species, which are traditionally used against ticks by native and local communities of Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe, South Africa), Europe (Serbia, Macedonia, Romania), Asia (Pakistan, India) and America (Brazil, Canada), from 56 families. However, only 7 families (i.e. Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Meliaceae, Apocynaceae and Solanaceae) represent the major quote (46%) of all plant species. We evaluated the differences in acaricidal and repellent efficacy of different formulations used. In the final section, implications arising from the surveyed anti-tick ethnobotanical knowledge and challenges for its future are discussed.
This study was aimed on the detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in different categories of retailed ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products from the Czech producers and determination of their genetic properties, antimicrobial resistance and virulence. In RTE meat products, 2% (4/181) of examined samples were MRSA positive. MRSA strains were detected only in durable fermented meat products made exclusively from pork meat. Detection of livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) clonal lineages (ST398 and ST4999), SCCmec cassette type V and tetracycline resistance indicate a source of contamination from raw pork. The study confirms the ability of these strains to survive the technological process rather than contamination of meat products from the food processing environment. MRSA strains did not carry any of the tested genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins or virulence genes (for Panton-Valentine leukocidin, exfoliative toxins A, B and toxic shock syndrome). Our results point out the spread of LA-MRSA through the meat processing chain.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- dobytek MeSH
- masné výrobky * MeSH
- maso MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Drugs are potentially dangerous environmental contaminants, as they are designed to have biological effects at low concentrations. Monepantel (MOP), an amino-acetonitrile derivative, is frequently used veterinary anthelmintics, but information about MOP environmental circulation and impact is almost non-existent. We studied the phytotoxicity, uptake and biotransformation of MOP in two fodder plants, Plantago lanceolata and Medicago sativa. The seeds and whole plant regenerants were cultivated with MOP. The plant roots and the leaves were collected after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks of cultivation. The lengths of roots and proline concentrations in the roots and leaves were measured to evaluate MOP phytotoxicity. The UHPLC-MS/MS technique with a Q-TOF mass analyser was used for the identification and semi-quantification of MOP and its metabolites. Our results showed no phytotoxicity of MOP. However, both plants were able to uptake, transport and metabolize MOP. Comparing both plants, the uptake of MOP was much more extensive in Medicago sativa (almost 10-times) than in Plantago lanceolate. Moreover, 9 various metabolites of MOP were detected in Medicago sativa, while only 7 MOP metabolites were found in Plantago lanceolata. Based on metabolites structures, scheme of the metabolic pathways of MOP in both plants was proposed. MOP and its main metabolite (MOP sulfone), both anthelmintically active, were present not only in roots but also in leaves that can be consumed by animals. This indicates the potential for undesirable circulation of MOP in the environment, which could lead to many pharmacological and toxicological consequences.
- MeSH
- aminoacetonitrily analogy a deriváty farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- anthelmintika toxicita MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- biotransformace MeSH
- dobytek MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata toxicita MeSH
- Medicago sativa metabolismus MeSH
- metabolické sítě a dráhy MeSH
- pastviny * MeSH
- Plantago metabolismus MeSH
- sulfony MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
