Toscana virus (TOSV) is an emerging but neglected human pathogen currently circulating around the Mediterranean basin including North Africa. Human illness ranges from asymptomatic or mild flu-like syndromes to severe neurological diseases such as meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Despite its significant impact, understanding of TOSV transmission and epidemiology remains limited. Sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae), specifically Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus perfiliewi, are believed to be the primary vectors of TOSV. However, the spread of TOSV to new geographical areas and its detection in other sand fly species suggest that additional species play a role in the circulation and transmission of this virus. This study investigated the vector competence of four sand fly species - P. tobbi, P. sergenti, P. papatasi, and Sergentomyia schwetzi - for two TOSV strains: 1500590 (TOSV A lineage) and MRS20104319501 (TOSV B lineage). Sand flies were orally challenged with TOSV via bloodmeals. None of the tested species showed susceptibility to the TOSV A strain. However, for TOSV B strain, P. tobbi demonstrated a high potential as a new vector, exhibiting high infection and dissemination rates. P. sergenti also showed some susceptibility to TOSV B, with the virus dissemination observed in all infected females. These finding suggests that P. tobbi and P. sergenti are new potential vectors for TOSV B. Given that P. tobbi and P. sergenti are the primary vectors of human leishmaniases in the Balkans, Turkey and Middle East, their susceptibility to TOSV could have significant epidemiological consequences. On the other hand, P. papatasi and S. schwetzi appeared refractory to TOSV B infection. Refractoriness of P. papatasi, a highly anthropophilic species distributed from the Mediterranean to the Middle East and India, suggests that this species does not contribute to TOSV circulation.

• MeSH
• hmyz - vektory * virologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Phlebotomus * virologie   MeSH
• Psychodidae * virologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• virus horečky pappataci * fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: To determine differences in the blood innate gene expression signatures of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients across various organ manifestations and disease activity, with a focus on lupus nephritis (LN) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. METHODS: Toll-like receptor family (TLR 1-10) mRNA expression was investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with SLE (n = 74) and healthy controls (n = 34). We compared patients with histologically confirmed active LN or neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) with patients without these symptoms. The expression of TLR mRNA was determined by RT‒qPCR using a high-throughput SmartChip Real-Time-qPCR system (WaferGen). Multivariate analysis and nonparametric statistics were used for data analysis to assess the associations between TLRs and disease activity and severity. RESULTS: TLR4 (0.044 vs. 0.081, p = 0.012) was upregulated and TLR10 (0.009 vs. 0.006, p = 0.0007) was downregulated in the whole cohort of SLE patients compared to healthy controls. A comparison of the active LN group with participants without kidney involvement revealed increased expression of TLR2 (0.078 vs. 0.03, p = 0.009), and TLR5 (0.035 vs. 0.017, p = 0.03). Moreover, a significant difference was observed in TLR9 expression between inactive LN and the control group (0.014 vs. 0.009, p = 0.01), together with borderline correlation in TLR2 expression (0.04 vs. 0.03, p = 0.06). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that TLR1 and TLR2 expression were the best potential diagnostic markers for active LN. The NPSLE group showed upregulation of TLR1 (0.088 vs. 0.048, p = 0.01), TLR4 (0.173 vs. 0.066, p = 0.0003) and TLR6 (0.087 vs. 0.036, 0.007). Our correlation analysis supported the close relationships among the expression of individual TLRs in the whole lupus cohort and its subgroups. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed differences in TLR expression between a lupus cohort and healthy controls. Additionally, our analysis provides insight into specific TLR expression in cases with severe organ manifestations, such as LN and NPSLE. The multiple mutual relationships of TLRs demonstrate the activation of innate immunity in SLE and suggest promising targets for future therapies or diagnostics.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nefritida při lupus erythematodes * genetika   krev   MeSH
• systémový lupus erythematodes krev   genetika   MeSH
• toll-like receptory * genetika   biosyntéza   MeSH
• vaskulitida centrálního nervového systému při lupus erythematodes * krev   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The neurofilament light chain (NfL) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum as a marker of neuronal damage may be a potential biomarker of neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE (NPSLE). METHODS: 80 patients with SLE were included.We obtained paired serum and CSF samples from 48 patients (NPSLE n=32, non-NPSLE n=16) and 31 controls. The serum and CSF levels of NfL were determined using ELISA. RESULTS: Patients with NPSLE demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum NfL compared with the non-NPSLE group (mean 31.68±36.63 pg/mL vs mean 16.75±12.48 pg/mL, respectively, p<0.05) and with controls (mean 10.74±4.36 pg/mL, p<0.01). Notably, CSF NfL concentrations in patients with NPSLE showed an upward trend (mean 1600±2852 pg/mL) in contrast to non-NPSLE patients (mean 393.4±191.9 pg/mL) and controls (mean 509.7±358.5 pg/mL). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between serum and CSF NfL levels in patients with NPSLE (R=0.8686, p<0.01). Elevated serum triacylglycerol concentrations, C reactive protein and organ damage were linked to increased serum (p=0.002; p<0.001; p=0.036) and CSF (p=0.008; p=0.007; p<0.001) NfL concentrations. In addition, we established a significant correlation between intrathecal NfL concentrations and interleukin-6 levels in the CSF of patients with NPSLE (R=0.5118, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The serum NfL levels may be a readily available marker of neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE.

• MeSH
• biologické markery * krev   mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• interleukin-6 krev   mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neurofilamentové proteiny * krev   mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• vaskulitida centrálního nervového systému při lupus erythematodes * krev   mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), the most common tick-borne diseases of the central nervous system in Central Europe, are frequently associated with pareses. The aim of this study was to characterise paretic complications in patients with TBE and LNB, including their severity, persistence and impact on the patients' quality of life. Our retrospective observational study included patients with aseptic CNS infection due to TBE virus or Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Paretic complications were evaluated in the acute phase and the patients were followed up until complete regression or long-term stabilisation of any neurological deficit. The severity of the neurological deficit was graded according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). A total of 823 patients (582 with TBE, 241 with LNB) was included. Paretic complications were diagnosed in 63 TBE patients (10.8 %) and in 147 LNB patients (61.0 %). In TBE, the most common neurological deficit was brachial plexus paresis in 21 patients (33 %) and bulbar symptoms in 18 patients (29 %). In LNB patients, facial nerve palsy was the most frequent neurological deficit (117patients; 79.6 %), followed by lower limb paresis in 23 patients (15.6 %). Forty-nine TBE patients and 134 LNB paretic patients completed follow-up. Paresis resolved within 3 weeks in 16 TBE patients (33 %) and 53 LNB patients (39.5 %), but the proportion of patients with paresis persisting for more than 12 months was significantly higher in TBE (34.7 vs. 3.7 %, p < 0.001). The mean mRS was significantly higher in TBE paretic patients compared to LNB (p < 0.001). Paretic complications are significantly more common in LNB than in TBE but pareses associated with TBE last longer than in LNB and considerably reduce the quality of life of patients. Prevention remains the only way to influence the long-term motor deficits of TBE.

• MeSH
• klíšťová encefalitida * komplikace   epidemiologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymská neuroborelióza * komplikace   epidemiologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• paréza etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Cíl: Cílem této studie bylo analyzovat klinické aspekty diagnostiky a léčby léze lícního nervu (LLN) u dětí v terciálním centru. Zaměřuje se na demografii, etiologii, diagnostický a terapeutický proces, míru úpravy po terapii a rozsah relapsů. Materiál a metodika: Retrospektivní studie, 572 pacientů (0–18 let), léčených ve fakultní nemocnici s diagnózou LLN v průběhu 10 let (2011–2021). Data byla získávaná z pacientské dokumentace. Analyzovány byly následující parametry: věk, pohlaví, strana léze, etiologie, diagnostický proces zahrnující radiologické vyšetření, léčebný proces, úprava léze po terapii a míra relapsu. Výsledky: LLN se vyskytla v 554 případech jako unilaterální, v 18 jako bilaterální bez signifikantní stranové diference. Dívky byly postiženy v 301 (52,6 %) a chlapci v 271 (47,4 %) případech. Medián věku byl stanoven na 9,4 ± 4,7 roku. Průměrné House-Brackmann (HB) skóre bylo 3,6 ± 1,0. Jako dvě nejčastější příčiny jsme prokázali infekční 264 (46,2 %) a idiopatickou 255 (44,6 %). Borelióza byla nejčastěji zastoupenou infekční příčinou u 216 (81,8 %) případů. Třetí nejčastější příčina byla neoplastická u 15 (2,6 %) případů. Následovaly traumatická, kongenitální a další. Nekompletní paréza byla detekována u 556 (97,2 %) případů a kompletní u 16 (2,8 %). Kortikosteroidy byly podány u 360 pacientů, antibiotika/antivirotika u 311 pacientů. Chirurgický výkon podstoupilo 26 pacientů. Úpravu po terapii jsme zaznamenali u 94,7 % pacientů, nezaznamenali u 5,3 %, u 1 % je údaj neznámý. U infekční příčiny prokázalo úpravu po terapii 99,2 %, u idiopatické 98 % pacientů. Pacienti s infekční, idiopatickou a traumatickou příčinou měli vyšší míru úpravy po terapii než pacienti s neoplastickou příčinou. Závěr: LLN je relativně častá akutní diagnóza v dětském věku. Bylo popsáno velké množství různých příčin, nejčastěji se vyskytuje příčina infekční a idiopatická. Pro správnou diagnózu je důležitá detailní anamnéza a klinické vyšetřeni. V léčbě převažuje terapie kortikosteroidy a antibiotiky. Názory na léčbu jsou kontroverzní. Prognóza LLN u děti je zpravidla dobrá.

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the different characteristics of FNLs in children focusing on demographics, etiology, diagnostic and therapeutic process, improvement after therapy, and relapse rate in a tertiary center. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 572 children (0 to 18 years) who were admitted to the University Hospital with facial nerve lesion (FNL) during a 10-year period (2011–2021). The data were gathered from patients´ medical files to analyze age, sex, side of FNL, etiology, the diagnostic process including radiological examinations, treatment methods, improvement after therapy, and relapse rate. Results: There were 554 unilateral and 18 bilateral cases without significant laterality differences. Girls were affected in 301 (52.6%) cases and boys in 271 (47.4%) cases. The median age was 9.4 ± 4.7 years. The mean House-Brackmann (HB) score was 3.6 ± 1.0. Two main causes whose representation was balanced were detected. Infectious causes occurred in 264 (46.2%) cases and idiopathic causes occurred in 255 (44.6%) cases. Borreliosis was the most common infectious cause in 216 (81.8%) cases. The third most common cause was of neoplastic origin in 15 (2.6%) cases. The following causes were traumatic, congenital, and others. Incomplete FNL was detected in 556 (97.2%) cases and complete FNL was found in 16 (2.8%) cases. Corticosteroids were administered in 360 patients, and antibiotics/ antivirals were given to 311 patients. Surgery was performed in 26 patients. 94.7 % of patients showed improvement after therapy while 5.3% did not, and 1.0% had an unknown outcome. For the infectious causes, improvement after therapy was seen in 99.2% of patients and idiopathic causes saw improvement in 98% of patients. Patients with infectious, idiopathic, and traumatic causes of paresis had a higher percentage of recovery compared to patients with neoplastic causes. Conclusions: FNL in children is a relatively common acute condition in pediatric care. Many different causes of FNL were described, the most common being infectious and idiopathic. A detailed clinical history and clinical examination are mandatory. Corticosteroids and antibiotics are most commonly prescribed medicaments. Opinions on the treatment remain controversial. The prognosis of FNL in children is usually favorable.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymská neuroborelióza komplikace   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• motorické neurony patologie   MeSH
• nemoci lícního nervu * epidemiologie   etiologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

The cerebral biomarkers, neurofilament light chain (NfL), amyloid-β, tau, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) reflect a wide spectrum of neurological damage in the brain and spinal cord. With this study, we aimed to assess whether these biomarkers hold any potential diagnostic value for the three most common canine neurological diseases. Canines suffering from meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO), brain tumors, and selected non-infectious myelopathies were included. For each diagnosis, we analyzed these biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid collected via cranial puncture from the cisterna magna. Elevated levels of CSF tau, NfL, and NSE were observed in MUO, with all three biomarkers being intercorrelated. Tau and NSE were increased while amyloid-β was decreased in dogs suffering from tumors. In contrast, no biomarker changes were observed in dogs with myelopathies. Covariates such as age, sex, or castration had minimal impact. CSF biomarkers may reflect molecular changes related to MUO and tumors, but not to non-infectious myelopathies. The combination of NfL, tau, and NSE may represent useful biomarkers for MUO as they reflect the same pathology and are not influenced by age.

• MeSH
• amyloidní beta-protein mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• biologické markery * mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• fosfopyruváthydratasa mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• meningoencefalitida mozkomíšní mok   veterinární   diagnóza   MeSH
• nádory mozku mozkomíšní mok   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému mozkomíšní mok   veterinární   diagnóza   MeSH
• nemoci psů * mozkomíšní mok   diagnóza   MeSH
• neurofilamentové proteiny * mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• proteiny tau * mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• psi MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• cestovní nemoci MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• primární prevence metody   MeSH
• západonilská horečka * diagnóza   přenos   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• novinové články MeSH

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Borrelia burgdorferi komplex MeSH
• imunoanalýza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymeská nemoc * diagnóza   epidemiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lymská neuroborelióza diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Shingrix,
• MeSH
• acyklovir farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• DNA vakcíny farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ganglia virologie   MeSH
• herpes zoster ophthalmicus * komplikace   MeSH
• herpeszosterová encefalitida * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• latence viru MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonance intervenční MeSH
• nemoci cév etiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vakcína proti pásovému oparu MeSH
• virus varicella zoster MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• Borrelia burgdorferi komplex klasifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• ceftriaxon farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• doxycyklin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• erythema chronicum migrans diagnóza   etiologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymeská nemoc * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   komplikace   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lymská neuroborelióza diagnóza   komplikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální analýza   klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH