Metabolic engineering
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elektronický časopis
- Konspekt
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NLK Obory
- vnitřní lékařství
- biologie
- biomedicínské inženýrství
- NLK Publikační typ
- elektronické časopisy
Rhodococcus spp. strains are widespread in diverse natural and anthropized environments thanks to their high metabolic versatility, biodegradation activities, and unique adaptation capacities to several stress conditions such as the presence of toxic compounds and environmental fluctuations. Additionally, the capability of Rhodococcus spp. strains to produce high value-added products has received considerable attention, mostly in relation to lipid accumulation. In relation with this, several works carried out omic studies and genome comparative analyses to investigate the genetic and genomic basis of these anabolic capacities, frequently in association with the bioconversion of renewable resources and low-cost substrates into triacylglycerols. This review is focused on these omic analyses and the genetic and metabolic approaches used to improve the biosynthetic and bioconversion performance of Rhodococcus. In particular, this review summarizes the works that applied heterologous expression of specific genes and adaptive laboratory evolution approaches to manipulate anabolic performance. Furthermore, recent molecular toolkits for targeted genome editing as well as genome-based metabolic models are described here as novel and promising strategies for genome-scaled rational design of Rhodococcus cells for efficient biosynthetic processes application.
Anthropogenic halogenated compounds were unknown to nature until the industrial revolution, and microorganisms have not had sufficient time to evolve enzymes for their degradation. The lack of efficient enzymes and natural pathways can be addressed through a combination of protein and metabolic engineering. We have assembled a synthetic route for conversion of the highly toxic and recalcitrant 1,2,3-trichloropropane to glycerol in Escherichia coli, and used it for a systematic study of pathway bottlenecks. Optimal ratios of enzymes for the maximal production of glycerol, and minimal toxicity of metabolites were predicted using a mathematical model. The strains containing the expected optimal ratios of enzymes were constructed and characterized for their viability and degradation efficiency. Excellent agreement between predicted and experimental data was observed. The validated model was used to quantitatively describe the kinetic limitations of currently available enzyme variants and predict improvements required for further pathway optimization. This highlights the potential of forward engineering of microorganisms for the degradation of toxic anthropogenic compounds.
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny MeSH
- biodegradace * MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika metabolismus MeSH
- genetické inženýrství MeSH
- glycerol analýza metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza metabolismus MeSH
- metabolické inženýrství metody MeSH
- metabolické sítě a dráhy MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- propan analogy a deriváty analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
... Dedicated computer games helps diabetic children improve their metabolic self-control - II Iosif M- ¦ ... ... - * -- Health care as a control engineering problem 109 -- Uigdmgr ft-. ... ... Raingr U The Departement of clinical engineering into the General hospital of Bolzano: technical and ...
vi, 115 stran ; 21 cm
Cytokinins (CKs) are ubiquitous phytohormones that participate in development, morphogenesis and many physiological processes throughout plant kingdom. In higher plants, mutants and transgenic cells and tissues with altered activity of CK metabolic enzymes or perception machinery, have highlighted their crucial involvement in different agriculturally important traits, such as productivity, increased tolerance to various stresses and overall plant morphology. Furthermore, recent precise metabolomic analyses have elucidated the specific occurrence and distinct functions of different CK types in various plant species. Thus, smooth manipulation of active CK levels in a spatial and temporal way could be a very potent tool for plant biotechnology in the future. This review summarises recent advances in cytokinin research ranging from transgenic alteration of CK biosynthetic, degradation and glucosylation activities and CK perception to detailed elucidation of molecular processes, in which CKs work as a trigger in model plants. The first attempts to improve the quality of crop plants, focused on cereals are discussed, together with proposed mechanism of action of the responses involved.
- MeSH
- alkyltransferasy a aryltransferasy metabolismus MeSH
- cytokininy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- genetické inženýrství metody MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny genetika MeSH
- glykosylace MeSH
- oxidoreduktasy metabolismus MeSH
- proteinkinasy metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
During yeast dough fermentation, such as the high-sucrose bread-making process, the yeast cells are subjected to considerable osmotic stress, resulting in poor outcomes. Invertase is important for catalyzing the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose to free glucose and fructose, and decreasing the catalytic activity of the invertase may reduce the glucose osmotic stress on the yeast. In this study, we performed structural design and site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase (ScInV) in an Escherichia coli expression system to study the catalytic activity of ScInV mutants in vitro. In addition, we generated the same mutation sites in the yeast endogenous genome and tested their invertase activity in yeast and dough fermentation ability. Our results indicated that appropriately reduced invertase activity of yeast ScInV can enhance dough fermentation activity under high-sucrose conditions by 52%. Our systems have greatly accelerated the engineering of yeast endogenous enzymes both in vitro and in yeast, and shed light on future metabolic engineering of yeast.
... -- General Information — — 7 -- Workshops on Selected Topics of Biomedical Engineering •> • *\'• 11 - ... ... J.Bassingthwaight\'e - Blood-Tissue Exchange and a Metabolism in the Heart «. ;. . v. ; 64 -- 3.5. ... ... L.Zech - High Density Lipoprotein Transport and Metabolism 68 -- 3.9. ... ... A.Czyžyk - Intensive metabolic care of pregnant diabetic women 104 -- 3.3. ... ... J.M.Wójcicki - A new methods of short-term and long-term monitoring of the metabolic control -- 136 - ...
187 stran : ilustrace ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- biomedicínské inženýrství MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- teoretické modely MeSH
- Publikační typ
- sborníky MeSH
- MeSH
- acidóza MeSH
- alkalóza MeSH
- diagnostické vybavení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolické nemoci diagnóza MeSH
- poruchy acidobazické rovnováhy klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- software MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Elimination or mitigation of the toxic effects of chemical waste released to the environment by industrial and urban activities relies largely on the catalytic activities of microorganisms-specifically bacteria. Given their capacity to evolve rapidly, they have the biochemical power to tackle a large number of molecules mobilized from their geological repositories through human action (e.g., hydrocarbons, heavy metals) or generated through chemical synthesis (e.g., xenobiotic compounds). Whereas naturally occurring microbes already have considerable ability to remove many environmental pollutants with no external intervention, the onset of genetic engineering in the 1980s allowed the possibility of rational design of bacteria to catabolize specific compounds, which could eventually be released into the environment as bioremediation agents. The complexity of this endeavour and the lack of fundamental knowledge nonetheless led to the virtual abandonment of such a recombinant DNA-based bioremediation only a decade later. In a twist of events, the last few years have witnessed the emergence of new systemic fields (including systems and synthetic biology, and metabolic engineering) that allow revisiting the same environmental pollution challenges through fresh and far more powerful approaches. The focus on contaminated sites and chemicals has been broadened by the phenomenal problems of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and the accumulation of plastic waste on a global scale. In this article, we analyze how contemporary systemic biology is helping to take the design of bioremediation agents back to the core of environmental biotechnology. We inspect a number of recent strategies for catabolic pathway construction and optimization and we bring them together by proposing an engineering workflow.
- MeSH
- Bacteria chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace * MeSH
- biotechnologie trendy MeSH
- genetické inženýrství trendy MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí chemie toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- systémová biologie trendy MeSH
- xenobiotika chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Fatty liver is extremely common in insulin-resistant patients with either obesity or lipodystrophy and it has been proposed that hepatic steatosis be considered an additional feature of the metabolic syndrome. Although insulin resistance can promote fatty liver, excessive hepatic accumulation of fat can also promote insulin resistance and could contribute to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. We sought to create a new nonobese rat model with hypertension, hepatic steatosis, and the metabolic syndrome by transgenic overexpression of a sterol-regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1a) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). SREBPs are transcription factors that activate the expression of multiple genes involved in the hepatic synthesis of cholesterol, triglycerides, and fatty acids. The new transgenic strain of SHR overexpressing a dominant-positive form of human SREBP-1a under control of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) promoter exhibited marked hepatic steatosis with major biochemical features of the metabolic syndrome, including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Both oxidative and nonoxidative skeletal muscle glucose metabolism were significantly impaired in the SHR transgenic strain and glucose tolerance deteriorated as the animals aged. The SHR transgenic strain also exhibited reduced body weight and reduced adipose tissue stores; however, the level of hypertension in the transgenic SHR was similar to that in the nontransgenic SHR control. The transgenic SHR overexpressing SREBP-1a represents a nonobese rat model of fatty liver, disordered glucose and lipid metabolism, and hypertension that may provide new opportunities for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of the metabolic syndrome associated with hepatic steatosis.
- MeSH
- adiponektin MeSH
- DNA vazebné proteiny * genetika MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- geneticky modifikovaná zvířata * MeSH
- hypertenze genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- játra patologie MeSH
- krevní tlak MeSH
- leptin krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom * genetika MeSH
- mezibuněčné signální peptidy a proteiny krev MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- potkani inbrední SHR * MeSH
- protein SREBP1 MeSH
- proteiny vázající zesilovač transkripce CCAAT * genetika MeSH
- stárnutí metabolismus MeSH
- transgeny MeSH
- transkripční faktory * genetika MeSH
- tuková tkáň patologie MeSH
- ztučnělá játra * genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH
