The prevalence of centenarians, people who lived 100 years and longer, is steadily growing in the last decades. This exceptional longevity is based on multifaceted processes influenced by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as sex, (epi-)genetic factors, gut microbiota, cellular metabolism, exposure to oxidative stress, immune status, cardiovascular risk factors, environmental factors, and lifestyle behavior. Epidemiologically, the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases is reduced in healthy centenarians along with late onset of age-related diseases compared with the general aged population. Understanding the mechanisms that affect vascular ageing in centenarians and the underlying factors could offer valuable insights for developing strategies to improve overall healthy life span in the elderly. This review discusses these key factors influencing vascular ageing and how their modulation could foster healthy longevity.

• MeSH
• dlouhověkost * fyziologie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci patofyziologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxidační stres fyziologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• stárnutí * fyziologie   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra fyziologie   MeSH
• zdravé stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, highly structured, and dynamic ecosystem that plays a pivotal role in the progression of both primary and metastatic tumors. Precise assessment of the dynamic spatiotemporal features of the TME is crucial for understanding cancer evolution and designing effective therapeutic strategies. Cancer is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease, influenced not only by the TME, but also by a multitude of systemic factors, including whole-body metabolism, gut microbiome, endocrine signaling, and circadian rhythm. In this review, we summarize the intrinsic, extrinsic, and systemic factors contributing to the formation of 'cold' tumors within the framework of the cancer-immunity cycle. Correspondingly, we discuss potential strategies for converting 'cold' tumors into 'hot' ones to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

• MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí * imunologie   MeSH
• nádory * patologie   terapie   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the three most essential micronutrients which play major roles in plant survivability by being a structural or non-structural component of the cell. Plants acquire these nutrients from soil in the fixed (NO3 ̄, NH4+) and solubilized forms (K+, H2PO4- and HPO42-). In soil, the fixed and solubilized forms of nutrients are unavailable or available in bare minimum amounts; therefore, agrochemicals were introduced. Agrochemicals, mined from the deposits or chemically prepared, have been widely used in the agricultural farms over the decades for the sake of higher production of the crops. The excessive use of agrochemicals has been found to be deleterious for humans, as well as the environment. In the environment, agrochemical usage resulted in soil acidification, disturbance of microbial ecology, and eutrophication of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. A solution to such devastating agro-input was found to be substituted by macronutrients-availing microbiomes. Macronutrients-availing microbiomes solubilize and fix the insoluble form of nutrients and convert them into soluble forms without causing any significant harm to the environment. Microbes convert the insoluble form to the soluble form of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) through different mechanisms such as fixation, solubilization, and chelation. The microbiomes having capability of fixing and solubilizing nutrients contain some specific genes which have been reported in diverse microbial species surviving in different niches. In the present review, the biodiversity, mechanism of action, and genomics of different macronutrients-availing microbiomes are presented.

• MeSH
• Bacteria * metabolismus   genetika   klasifikace   MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• biotechnologie * MeSH
• draslík metabolismus   MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfor metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny MeSH
• zemědělství MeSH
• živiny * metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most devastating intestinal diseases observed in preterm in the first days of life. Researchers have recently focused on potential predictive biomarkers for early and concomitant diagnoses. Thus, we inquired about the linkage of intestinal dysbiosis, one of the most important factors in NEC development to the gut microbiota. In this study, the systematic differences in the bacterial composition between neonates affected by NEC and healthy newborns were highlighted by metagenomic analysis. The next-generation sequencing of the V3-V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene and gene-specific qPCR analyzed the untargeted gut microbiota. Total bacteria, total and fecal coliform loads in stool samples with NEC were higher than control. OTU-level relative abundances of NEC infant was characterized by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at phylum levels. At the genus level, NEC stool was identified by the lack of Klebsiella and the presence of Roseburia, Blautia, and Parasutterella. Finally, Clostridium fessum was the predominant species of Clostridium genus in disease and healthy specimens at the species level, whereas Clostridium jeddahitimonense was at NEC diagnosis. Despite a strong relationship between pathophysiology and characterization of gut microbiota at a clinical diagnosis of NEC, our results emphasize the broad difficulty in identifying potential biomarkers.

• MeSH
• Bacteria * klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• dysbióza mikrobiologie   MeSH
• feces * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metagenomika MeSH
• nekrotizující enterokolitida * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Worldwide prevalence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria is rapidly increasing, and the education of undergraduates and graduates about antibiotic resistance and its associated horizontal gene transfer is critical in the general effort to confront the spread of antibiotic resistance. In this study, a deeper understanding of antibiotic resistance and horizontal gene transfer was achieved by biomedical undergraduate students through a scientific research programme. The enthusiasm of students to participate in the training programme was very high, and results revealed that each student could identify the antibiotic resistance integrative and conjugative element from the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MER1 genome. Each student could also draw the phylogenetic relationship of the antibiotic resistance integrative and conjugative element. In addition, students proved the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from S. maltophilia MER1 to Escherichia coli strain 25DN through conjugation and PCR assays. Each group of students was able to obtain the expected results, indicating that the outcome of the scientific research programme was highly reproducible. This programme improved the theoretical knowledge about antibiotic resistance and horizontal gene transfer and the research skills of biomedical sciences students. Through this programme, students learned that antibiotic resistance genes can be horizontally transferred among different bacteria, laying a solid foundation for students to value the importance of the appropriate use of antibiotics in their future work and life.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antibiotická rezistence * genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence * genetika   MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum * výchova   MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přenos genů horizontální * MeSH
• studenti lékařství MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Endophytes are symbionts that live in healthy plants and potentially improve the health of plant holobionts. Here, we investigated the bacterial endophyte community of Citrus reticulata grown in the northern Persian Gulf. Bacteria were isolated seasonally from healthy trees (root, stem, bark, trunk, leaf, and crown tissues) in four regions of Hormozgan province (i.e., Ahmadi, Siyahoo, Sikhoran, Roudan), a subtropical hot region in Iran. A total of 742 strains from 17 taxa, 3 phyla, and 5 orders were found, most of which belonged to Actinobacteria (Actinobacteriales) as the dominant group, followed by Firmicutes (Bacillales), Proteobacteria (Sphingomonadales, Rhizobiales), and Cyanobacteria (Synechoccales). The genera included Altererythrobacter, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Cellulosimicrobium, Curtobacterium, Kocuria, Kytococcus, Methylopila, Mycobacterium, Nocardioides, Okiabacterium, Paracraurococcus, and Psychrobacillus. The most frequently occurring species included Psychrobacillus psychrodurans, Kytococcus schroetri, and Bacillus cereus. In addition, the overall colonization frequency and variability of endophytes were higher on the trunks. The leaves showed the lowest species variability in all sampling periods. The frequency of endophyte colonization was also higher in summer. The Shannon-Wiener (H') and Simpson indices varied with all factors, i.e., region, season, and tissue type, with the maximum in Roudan. Furthermore, 52.9% of the strains were capable of nitrogen fixation, and 70% produced antagonistic hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Thus, C. reticulata harbors a variety of bioactive bacterial endophytes that could be beneficial for host fitness in such harsh environments.

• MeSH
• Bacteria * klasifikace   metabolismus   izolace a purifikace   genetika   MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• Citrus * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• endofyty * klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• fixace dusíku * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• listy rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Írán MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest. METHODS: We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in serum and stool samples. We also assessed all participants using a battery of psychological questionnaires and tested possible correlations between the collected clinical data and the composition and diversity of their microbiomes and metabolites. RESULTS: We identified four bacterial amplicon sequencing variants that were differentially abundant in non-impulsive versus impulsive women - the genera Bacteroides, Barnesiella, and the order Rhodospirillales were more abundant in impulsive women. In contrast, the genus Catenisphaera was more abundant in non-impulsive women. Fecal tryptophan levels were significantly higher in impulsive women. Association analysis revealed a strong positive intercorrelation between most fecal SCFAs in the entire dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated possible associations between gut microbiomes and their metabolites and impulsive behavior in a unique cohort of prisoners convicted of violent assaults and a matched group of non-impulsive women from the same prison. Genus Bacteroides, which was differentially abundant in the two groups, encoded enzymes that affect serotonin pathways and could contribute to this maladaptive behavior. Similarly, increased fecal tryptophan levels in impulsive individuals could affect neuronal circuits in the brain. INTRODUCTION: Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest. METHODS: We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in serum and stool samples. We also assessed all participants using a battery of psychological questionnaires and tested possible correlations between the collected clinical data and the composition and diversity of their microbiomes and metabolites. RESULTS: We identified four bacterial amplicon sequencing variants that were differentially abundant in non-impulsive versus impulsive women - the genera Bacteroides, Barnesiella, and the order Rhodospirillales were more abundant in impulsive women. In contrast, the genus Catenisphaera was more abundant in non-impulsive women. Fecal tryptophan levels were significantly higher in impulsive women. Association analysis revealed a strong positive intercorrelation between most fecal SCFAs in the entire dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated possible associations between gut microbiomes and their metabolites and impulsive behavior in a unique cohort of prisoners convicted of violent assaults and a matched group of non-impulsive women from the same prison. Genus Bacteroides, which was differentially abundant in the two groups, encoded enzymes that affect serotonin pathways and could contribute to this maladaptive behavior. Similarly, increased fecal tryptophan levels in impulsive individuals could affect neuronal circuits in the brain.

• MeSH
• agrese fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• feces * mikrobiologie   chemie   MeSH
• impulzivní chování * fyziologie   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné těkavé analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie   MeSH
• tryptofan krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• zločinci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The growth and accumulation of active ingredients of Angelica sinensis were affected by rhizosphere soil microbial communities and soil environmental factors. However, the correlationship between growth and active ingredients and soil biotic and abiotic factors is still unclear. This study explored rhizosphere soil microbial community structures, soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and their effects on the growth and active ingredient contents of A. sinensis in three principal cropping areas. Results indicated that the growth indices, ligustilide, ferulic acid contents, and soil environmental factors varied in cropping areas. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the growth of A. sinensis was affected by organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus; ferulic acid and ligustilide accumulation were related to soil catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities, respectively. Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed that the genera Mortierella and Conocybe were the dominant fungal communities, and Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Bryobacter, and Lysobacter were the main bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere soil. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Spearman correlation conjoint analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) among the composition of the rhizosphere microbial communities at all three sampling sites. The growth and active ingredient accumulation of A. sinensis not only was significantly susceptible to the bacterial communities of Sphingomonas, Epicoccum, Marivita, Muribaculum, and Gemmatimonas but also were significantly influenced by the fungal communities of Inocybe, Septoria, Tetracladium, and Mortierella (p < 0.05). Our findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the relationship between the growth and active ingredients in A. sinensis and their corresponding rhizosphere soil microbial communities, soil physicochemical properties, and enzyme activities.

• MeSH
• Angelica sinensis * růst a vývoj   chemie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dusík analýza   MeSH
• fosfor analýza   MeSH
• houby klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• rhizosféra * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

The spread of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in healthcare facilities is a global challenge. Hospital-acquired infections produced by Escherichia coli include gastrointestinal, blood-borne, urinary tract, surgical sites, and neonatal infections. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to deal with this pathogen and its rising resistance. The concept of attenuating virulence factors is an alternative strategy that might lead to low levels of resistance and combat this pathogen. A sub-inhibitory concentration (1⁄4 MIC) of sitagliptin and nitazoxanide was used for phenotypic assessments of Escherichia coli virulence factors such as biofilm production, swimming motility, serum resistance, and protease production. Moreover, qRT-PCR was used to determine the impact of sub-MIC of the tested drugs on the relative expression levels of papC, fimH, fliC, kpsMTII, ompT_m, and stcE genes encoding virulence factors in Escherichia coli. Also, an in vivo model was conducted as a confirmatory test. Phenotypically, our findings demonstrated that the tested strains showed a significant decrease in all the tested virulence factors. Moreover, the genotypic results showed a significant downregulation in the relative expression levels of all the tested genes. Besides, the examined drugs were found to be effective in protecting mice against Escherichia coli pathogenesis. Sitagliptin and nitazoxanide exhibited strong anti-virulence activities against Escherichia coli. In addition, it is recommended that they might function as adjuvant in the management of Escherichia coli infections with either conventional antimicrobial agents or alone as alternative treatment measures.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   MeSH
• dusíkaté sloučeniny MeSH
• Escherichia coli * účinky léků   patogenita   genetika   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli * farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• myši MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli genetika   MeSH
• sitagliptin fosfát * farmakologie   MeSH
• thiazoly * farmakologie   MeSH
• virulence účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The present study has undertaken the isolation of marine yeasts from mangrove sediment samples and their ability to produce alkaline protease enzymes. A total of 14 yeast isolates were recovered on yeast-malt agar (YMA) and yeast extract peptone dextrose (YEPD) agar medium. After screening for proteolytic activity on skim milk agar, marine yeast isolate, AKB-1 exhibited a hydrolysis zone of 18 mm. Optimal conditions for the enzyme production from yeast isolate AKB-1 were at 30 °C, pH 8, fructose as carbon source, potassium nitrate as nitrogen source, and 25% saline concentration. Under the optimal conditions, the protease enzyme activity of the isolate AKB-1 was observed to be 978 IU/mL. The structural and functional analysis was carried out through FTIR and HPLC analysis for the extracted protease enzyme. Furthermore, the enzyme produced was partially purified by solvent extraction using ethyl acetate and ammonium sulfate precipitation (3.4-fold) followed by dialysis (56.8-fold). The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was observed to be around 60 kDa using SDS-PAGE. The extracted protein showed good antibacterial activity against six different clinical bacterial pathogens and the highest against Bacillus cereus (16 ± 0.5 mm). The extracted protease enzyme was revealed to remove blood stains from cloth within 20 min of application similar to the commercial detergent. The marine yeast isolate was further identified as Candida orthopsilosis AKB-1 (Accession number KY348766) through 18S rRNA sequencing, and a phylogenetic tree was generated.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   metabolismus   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Bacillus cereus účinky léků   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny * chemie   farmakologie   metabolismus   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Candida * enzymologie   izolace a purifikace   genetika   klasifikace   MeSH
• endopeptidasy * chemie   metabolismus   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• geologické sedimenty mikrobiologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kultivační média chemie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• stabilita enzymů MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH