Microbial function
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- MeSH
- genom mikrobiální MeSH
- genomika * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- periodika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Mikrobiologie
- NLK Obory
- genetika, lékařská genetika
- mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
Úvod: Základem terapie obličejových rozštěpů je chirurgická rekonstrukce měkkých a tvrdých tkání střední obličejové etáže a funkční rehabilitace pacienta. Na chirurgický léčebný protokol navazuje ortodontická, foniatrická, logopedická a stomatologická terapie, pacient je pravidelně vyšetřován na otorinolaryngologii a na jiných odděleních podle aktuální potřeby. Po operaci rozštěpu horního rtu a uzávěru patra v prvním roce věku pacienta rozštěpová štěrbina v místě vestibula a alveolárního výběžku perzistuje ve formě oronazální komunikace. Rekonstrukce rozštěpu alveolárního výběžku je indikována až kolem devátého roku života pacienta, její načasování určuje ortodontista podle stadia vývoje kořene stálého špičáku v místě rozštěpové štěrbiny. Členitý povrch slizničních záhybů v místě perzistujícího rozštěpového defektu je však optimálním prostředím pro množení bakterií. Přesto údaje o mikrobiálním osídlení rozštěpové štěrbiny a jeho dopad na pooperační hojení v literatuře chybí. Cíl práce: Cílem výzkumu je zjištění mikrobiálního osídlení perzistující rozštěpové štěrbiny před chirurgickou rekonstrukcí alveolárního výběžku. Materiál a metodika: Dvaceti pacientům, u kterých byla indikována chirurgická rekonstrukce alveolárního výběžku, byl před operací proveden výtěr z rozštěpové štěrbiny, nosu a krku. Výsledky: U dvanácti pacientů ze souboru byla alespoň v jednom z výtěrů nalezena patogenní mikroflóra. Šest vyšetřovaných jedinců mělo pozitivní stěr pouze z rozštěpové štěrbiny. Mezi nalezené bakterie v rozštěpové dehiscenci patřily Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis a Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Závěr: Je nezbytné zvážit klinický dopad latentní infekce a výskytu potenciálních patogenů v rozštěpové štěrbině na pooperační stav a na výskyt pooperačních komplikací. Prospektivní studie zahrnující výtěry z rozštěpové štěrbiny a detailní monitorování pooperačního stavu spolu se sledováním kvantity hojící se doplněné kostní tkáně je nutná.
Introduction: Surgical reconstruction of soft and hard tissues of the middle face and functional rehabilitation are keystones of the treatment of facial clefts. The surgical treatment is followed by orthodontic, phoniatric and dental treatment, also speech therapy is indicated. The patient is further regularly treated at otorhinolaryngology and at the other departments as needed. After primary surgery of the clefted upper lip and palate closure during the first year of the patient‘s live the cleft defect of the vestibule and alveolar process persists as oronasal fistula. The reconstruction of clefted alveolar ridge is indicated around ninth year of life, orthodontist determines the timing according to the developmental stage of the permanent canine on the cleft side. The rugged surface of the mucosal folds inside the cleft defect creates the optimal environment for bacterial growth. Nevertheless, data on microbial colonization of the persistent cleft gap and its impact on postoperative wound healing in the literature are lacking. Aim: The aim of this research is to determine microbial colonization of the persistent cleft gap before surgical reconstruction of the alveolar process. Material and Methods: In twenty patients who were scheduled for surgical reconstruction of the clefted alveolar ridge, the swabs from the cleft gap, nose and throat were taken before surgery was performed. Results: In twelve patients from the tested group in at least one of the swabs pathogenic microorganisms were found. Six examined patients had positive result only from the cleft fissure. Among the bacteria found in the cleft dehiscence were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the clinical impact of latent infection and the occurrence of potential pathogens in the oronasal fisstulae on the healing and on the incidence of postoperative complications. Prospective study including swabs from cleft defect and detailed postoperative monitoring along with control of the quantity of supplemented healing bone is needed.
- Klíčová slova
- rozštěpová štěrbina, oronazální komunikace, mikrobiální osídlení,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Moraxella catarrhalis izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nos mikrobiologie MeSH
- orální píštěle mikrobiologie MeSH
- předoperační péče * MeSH
- Proteus mirabilis izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa izolace a purifikace MeSH
- rozštěp patra * chirurgie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- stomatochirurgické výkony MeSH
- Streptococcus pyogenes izolace a purifikace MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- ústa mikrobiologie MeSH
- zákroky plastické chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
[1st ed.] xiv, 563 s. : il
Cíl studie: Zhodnotit funkci plic českých kojenců a batolat s cystickou fibrózou (CF), posoudit bezpečnost metod pro vyšetření funkce plic nespolupracujících dětí (infant pulmonary function testing – iPFT) u CF pacientů. Metody: Padesát pět dětí s klasickou formou CF (věkové rozmezí 5–118 týdne) klinicky indikovaných k iPFT v naší laboratoři bylo po navození sedace chloralhydrátem vyšetřeno pomocí testu vícedechového vyplavování inertního plynu z plic, bodypletysmografie, analýzy klidového dechového vzoru, měření pružných vlastností dýchacího traktu a thorakoabdominální komprese. Během vyšetření a do úplného probuzení byla u pacientů monitorována saturace hemoglobinu kyslíkem, pulz, minutová ventilace a klinické příznaky aspiračních epizod. Výsledky funkce plic byly porovnány s dostupnými mezinárodními normami a dále mezi klinicky definovaným podskupinami pacientů (věk, mikrobiální kolonizace, výskyt těžkých exacerbací, anamnestický údaj mekoniového ileu a pankreatická in/suficience). Výsledky: Porucha funkce plic byla detekována u 63,9 % dětí. Nejčastěji se jednalo o zvýšenou nehomogenitu ventilace plic (51,2 % vyšetřených), dále hyperinflaci plic (48,6 % vyšetřených) a obstrukci periferních dýchacích cest (50,0 % vyšetřených). Funkce plic byla signifikantně horší u dětí starších (průměrný věk 16,6 měsíce) než mladších (věk 2,0 měsíce), dále u dětí s alespoň jednou těžkou exacerbací v anamnéze, intermitentním záchytem Pseudomonas aeruginosa nebo chronickou kolonizací Staphylococcus aureus. Zaznamenána byla pouze 1 nežádoucí epizoda – krátká desaturace. Závěry: Porucha funkce plic může být detekována pomocí iPFT u významné části kojenců s CF již ve věku 2 měsíců. Ve vyšších věkových kategoriích její výskyt narůstá. Funkce plic se liší mezi klinicky definovanými podskupinami pacientů. Metody iPFT jsou bezpečné.
Objective: To assess lung function in a group of Czech infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to evaluate safety of the infant pulmonary function testing (iPFT) in these patients. Methods: Fifty-five infants (age range 5–118 weeks) with classic form of CF clinically indicated for iPFT in our lab were sedated with chloralhydrate and underwent multiple breath inert gas washout test, bodypletys- mography, tidal breath analysis, single occlusion compliance-resistance measurement and tidal volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression. During iPFT and until full recovery from sedation, haemoglobin saturation, pulse rate, minute ventilation and clinical correlates of lung aspiration were monitored. Lung function was compared to the available international normative values and between clinically defined subgroups (based on patient’s age, microbial colonisation, occurrence of severe pulmonary exacerbations (PEx), history of meconium ileus and exocrine pancreatic function). Results: Lung function impairment was detected in 63.9% of infants with the most frequent impairment being ventilation inhomogeneity (51.2% of all), followed by hyperinflation (48.6% of all) and peripheral airway obstruction (50.0% of all). Lung function was significantly diminished in older patients (mean age 16.6 vs 2.0 months), patients with at least one PEx, intermittent Pseudomonas aeruginosa and chronic Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Only 1 adverse event occurred – brief desaturation down to 85%. Conclusion: Lung function impairment may be detected by iPFT as early as in 2 months-aged CF infants, its frequency increases with age. Lung function differs between clinically defined subgroups of patients. iPFT is safe.
- Klíčová slova
- analýza klidového dechového vzoru, thorakoabdominální komprese,
- MeSH
- cystická fibróza * komplikace MeSH
- hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pletyzmografie celotělová MeSH
- poruchy dýchání diagnóza terapie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- respirační funkční testy * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Nitrogen leaching owing to elevated acid deposition remains the main ecosystem threat worldwide. We aimed to contribute to the understanding of the highly variable nitrate losses observed in Europe after acid deposition retreat. Our study proceeded in adjacent beech and spruce forests undergoing acidification recovery and differing in nitrate leaching. We reconstructed soil microbial functional characteristics connected with nitrogen and carbon cycling based on community composition. Our results showed that in the more acidic spruce soil with high carbon content, where Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were abundant (Proteo:Acido = 1.3), the potential for nitrate reduction and loss via denitrification was high (denitrification: dissimilative nitrogen reduction to ammonium (DNRA) = 3). In the less acidic beech stand with low carbon content, but high nitrogen availability, Proteobacteria were more abundant (Proteo:Acido = 1.6). Proportionally less nitrate could be denitrified there (denitrification:DNRA = 1), possibly increasing its availability. Among 10 potential keystone species, microbes capable of DNRA were identified in the beech soil while instead denitrifiers dominated in the spruce soil. In spite of the former acid deposition impact, distinct microbial functional guilds developed under different vegetational dominance, resulting in different N immobilization potentials, possibly influencing the ecosystem's nitrogen retention ability.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- buk (rod) růst a vývoj MeSH
- denitrifikace * MeSH
- dusičnany analýza MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- smrk růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
It is not well understood how the ecological status and microbial community composition of spruce swamp forests (SSF) relate to those found in bogs and fens. To clarify this, we investigated biogeochemical parameters and microbial community composition in a bog, a fen and two SSF using high throughput barcoded sequencing of the small ribosomal subunit (SSU) variable region V4. The results demonstrated that the microbial community of SSF is positioned between those of bogs and fens, and this was confirmed by in silico predicted metabolic potentials. This corresponds well with the position of SSF on the trophic gradient and reflects distinct responses of microbial communities to environmental variables. Species richness and microbial diversity increased significantly from bog to fen, with SSF in between, reflecting the variation in pH, nutrient availability and peat decomposability. The archaeal community, dominated by hydrogenotrophic methanogens, was more similar in SSF and the bog compared with the fen. The composition of the bacterial community of SSF was intermediate between those of bog and fen. However, the production of CO2 (an indicator of peat decomposability) did not differ between SSF and bog, suggesting the limiting effect of low pH and poor litter quality on the functioning of the bacterial community in SSF. These results help to clarify the transitional position of SSF between bogs and fens and showed the strong effect of environmental conditions on microbial community composition and functioning.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- Euryarchaeota klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lesy * MeSH
- methan biosyntéza MeSH
- mikrobiální společenstva * MeSH
- mokřady * MeSH
- oxid uhličitý metabolismus MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- půda MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- smrk MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The change in the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in a patient suffering from severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (AN) and diagnosed with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBO) was investigated. Microbial gut dysbiosis is associated with both AN and SIBO, and therefore gut microbiome changes by serial fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a possible therapeutic modality. This study assessed the effects of FMT on gut barrier function, microbiota composition, and the levels of bacterial metabolic products. The patient treatment with FMT led to the improvement of gut barrier function, which was altered prior to FMT. Very low bacterial alpha diversity, a lack of beneficial bacteria, together with a great abundance of fungal species were observed in the patient stool sample before FMT. After FMT, both bacterial species richness and gut microbiome evenness increased in the patient, while the fungal alpha diversity decreased. The total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels (molecules presenting an important source of energy for epithelial gut cells) gradually increased after FMT. Contrarily, one of the most abundant intestinal neurotransmitters, serotonin, tended to decrease throughout the observation period. Overall, gut microbial dysbiosis improvement after FMT was considered. However, there were no signs of patient clinical improvement. The need for an in-depth analysis of the donor´s stool and correct selection pre-FMT is evident.
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Soil microorganisms are diverse, although they share functions during the decomposition of organic matter. Thus, preferences for soil conditions and litter quality were explored to understand their niche partitioning. A 1-year-long litterbag transplant experiment evaluated how soil physicochemical traits of contrasting sites combined with chemically distinct litters of sedge (S), milkvetch (M) from a grassland, and beech (B) from forest site decomposition. Litter was assessed by mass loss; C, N, and P contents; and low-molecular-weight compounds. Decomposition was described by the succession of fungi, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Firmicutes; bacterial diversity; and extracellular enzyme activities. The M litter decomposed faster at the nutrient-poor forest site, where the extracellular enzymes were more active, but microbial decomposers were not more abundant. Actinobacteria abundance was affected by site, while Firmicutes and fungi by litter type and Alphaproteobacteria by both factors. Actinobacteria were characterized as late-stage substrate generalists, while fungi were recognized as substrate specialists and site generalists, particularly in the grassland. Overall, soil conditions determined the decomposition rates in the grassland and forest, but successional patterns of the main decomposers (fungi and Actinobacteria) were determined by litter type. These results suggest that shifts in vegetation mostly affect microbial decomposer community composition.IMPORTANCE Anthropogenic disturbance may cause shifts in vegetation and alter the litter input. We studied the decomposition of different litter types under soil conditions of a nutrient-rich grassland and nutrient-poor forest to identify factors responsible for changes in the community structure and succession of microbial decomposers. This will help to predict the consequences of induced changes on the abundance and activity of microbial decomposers and recognize if the decomposition process and resulting quality and quantity of soil organic matter will be affected at various sites.
Understanding the ecology of coniferous forests is very important because these environments represent globally largest carbon sinks. Metatranscriptomics, microbial community and enzyme analyses were combined to describe the detailed role of microbial taxa in the functioning of the Picea abies-dominated coniferous forest soil in two contrasting seasons. These seasons were the summer, representing the peak of plant photosynthetic activity, and late winter, after an extended period with no photosynthate input. The results show that microbial communities were characterized by a high activity of fungi especially in litter where their contribution to microbial transcription was over 50%. Differences in abundance between summer and winter were recorded for 26-33% of bacterial genera and < 15% of fungal genera, but the transcript profiles of fungi, archaea and most bacterial phyla were significantly different among seasons. Further, the seasonal differences were larger in soil than in litter. Most importantly, fungal contribution to total microbial transcription in soil decreased from 33% in summer to 16% in winter. In particular, the activity of the abundant ectomycorrhizal fungi was reduced in winter, which indicates that plant photosynthetic production was likely one of the major drivers of changes in the functioning of microbial communities in this coniferous forest.
- MeSH
- Archaea klasifikace genetika MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika MeSH
- borovicovité mikrobiologie MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- fotosyntéza MeSH
- genetická transkripce genetika MeSH
- houby klasifikace genetika MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- messenger RNA biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- mikrobiota genetika MeSH
- mykorhiza MeSH
- půda MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- stromy mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The haloalkane dehalogenase enzyme DmmA was identified by marine metagenomic screening. Determination of its crystal structure revealed an unusually large active site compared to those of previously characterized haloalkane dehalogenases. Here we present a biochemical characterization of this interesting enzyme with emphasis on its structure-function relationships. DmmA exhibited an exceptionally broad substrate specificity and degraded several halogenated environmental pollutants that are resistant to other members of this enzyme family. In addition to having this unique substrate specificity, the enzyme was highly tolerant to organic cosolvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, and acetone. Its broad substrate specificity, high overexpression yield (200 mg of protein per liter of cultivation medium; 50% of total protein), good tolerance to organic cosolvents, and a broad pH range make DmmA an attractive biocatalyst for various biotechnological applications.IMPORTANCE We present a thorough biochemical characterization of the haloalkane dehalogenase DmmA from a marine metagenome. This enzyme with an unusually large active site shows remarkably broad substrate specificity, high overexpression, significant tolerance to organic cosolvents, and activity under a broad range of pH conditions. DmmA is an attractive catalyst for sustainable biotechnology applications, e.g., biocatalysis, biosensing, and biodegradation of halogenated pollutants. We also report its ability to convert multiple halogenated compounds to corresponding polyalcohols.
- MeSH
- Bacteria enzymologie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- biokatalýza MeSH
- biotechnologie MeSH
- hydrolasy chemie genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- katalytická doména MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- krystalizace MeSH
- metagenom MeSH
- mikrobiální společenstva genetika fyziologie MeSH
- substrátová specifita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH