Multimodal perception
Dotaz
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Selektivita/extrémní selektivita při příjmu potravy u dětí a odmítání dětí přijímat potravu patří do spektra obtíží při příjmu potravy obvykle označovaných termínem funkční dysfagie. Charakteristické pro tyto děti je, že odmítají přijímat známé pokrmy, zkoušet nové pokrmy, mají silné preference při výběru pokrmů či zcela odmítají přijímat potravu. V odborné literatuře neexistuje jednoznačný konsensus ohledně definice, ale ani diagnostických a terapeutických metod. V terapii dětí s funkční dysfagií se tradičně využíval kognitivně behaviorální přístup, který však nevede vždy k úspěšnému řešení těchto obtíží s příjmem potravy u dětí. Z našeho pohledu je přínosné, pokud je terapie multimodální. Využívá (1) psychosociální, nutriční a environmentální pravidla pro maximalizaci úspěchu při příjmu potravy a pro stanovení cyklu hladu a sycení (2) techniky facilitující nácvik dovedností při příjmu potravy (3) techniky založené na senzorickém podkladě.
Picky eating and food refusal is usually classified as part of a spectrum of feeding difficulties usually called functional dysphagia. It is characterised by an unwillingness to eat familiar foods or to try new foods, as well as strong food preference to the total refusal of all food. There is no single widely accepted definition of picky eating/food refusal and therefore there is little consensus on an appropriate assessment measure and treatment. Functional dysphagia in children has historically been treated using a cognitive behavioral approach, which was not succesfull in all cases. From our therapeutic point of view it is beneficial if we use a multimodal approach in therapy. Components of the interventions included (1) physiological, nutritional and environmental changes to regularize hunger-satiety cycles and promote good eating habits and routines; (2) skill aquisition techniques (3) sensory based approach.
- Klíčová slova
- odmítání jídla, averze, vkládání do úst, desenzibilizace, hyposenzitivita,
- MeSH
- alergie komplikace MeSH
- chuťová percepce MeSH
- čichová percepce MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- fyziologie výživy dětí MeSH
- hmatová percepce MeSH
- kognitivně behaviorální terapie metody MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motorické dovednosti MeSH
- percepce MeSH
- poruchy polykání * diagnóza etiologie genetika klasifikace psychologie terapie MeSH
- poruchy příjmu potravy v dětství MeSH
- přijímání potravy MeSH
- sací chování MeSH
- selektivita při příjmu potravy MeSH
- sluchová percepce MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- vývoj dítěte MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Our understanding of how floral visitors integrate visual and olfactory cues when seeking food, and how background complexity affects flower detection is limited. Here, we aimed to understand the use of visual and olfactory information for bumblebees (Bombus terrestris terrestris L.) when seeking flowers in a visually complex background. To explore this issue, we first evaluated the effect of flower colour (red and blue), size (8, 16 and 32 mm), scent (presence or absence) and the amount of training on the foraging strategy of bumblebees (accuracy, search time and flight behaviour), considering the visual complexity of our background, to later explore whether experienced bumblebees, previously trained in the presence of scent, can recall and make use of odour information when foraging in the presence of novel visual stimuli carrying a familiar scent. Of all the variables analysed, flower colour had the strongest effect on the foraging strategy. Bumblebees searching for blue flowers were more accurate, flew faster, followed more direct paths between flowers and needed less time to find them, than bumblebees searching for red flowers. In turn, training and the presence of odour helped bees to find inconspicuous (red) flowers. When bees foraged on red flowers, search time increased with flower size; but search time was independent of flower size when bees foraged on blue flowers. Previous experience with floral scent enhances the capacity of detection of a novel colour carrying a familiar scent, probably by elemental association influencing attention.
- MeSH
- čichová percepce MeSH
- květy fyziologie MeSH
- opylení MeSH
- podněty * MeSH
- pozornost MeSH
- včely fyziologie MeSH
- vnímání barev * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- teorie multimediálního uživatelského rozhraní,
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- filozofie MeSH
- fyzika metody trendy MeSH
- kognitivní věda metody trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metafyzické vztahy mezi duší a tělem fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- mozek fyziologie MeSH
- nervové receptory fyziologie MeSH
- percepce fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- planetární evoluce MeSH
- rozpoznávání obrazu fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- sebepojetí * MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- teorie mysli * fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- vědomí * fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Seeing a person's mouth move for [ga] while hearing [ba] often results in the perception of "da." Such audiovisual integration of speech cues, known as the McGurk effect, is stable within but variable across individuals. When the visual or auditory cues are degraded, due to signal distortion or the perceiver's sensory impairment, reliance on cues via the impoverished modality decreases. This study tested whether cue-reliance adjustments due to exposure to reduced cue availability are persistent and transfer to subsequent perception of speech with all cues fully available. A McGurk experiment was administered at the beginning and after a month of mandatory face-mask wearing (enforced in Czechia during the 2020 pandemic). Responses to audio-visually incongruent stimuli were analyzed from 292 persons (ages 16-55), representing a cross-sectional sample, and 41 students (ages 19-27), representing a longitudinal sample. The extent to which the participants relied exclusively on visual cues was affected by testing time in interaction with age. After a month of reduced access to lipreading, reliance on visual cues (present at test) somewhat lowered for younger and increased for older persons. This implies that adults adapt their speech perception faculty to an altered environmental availability of multimodal cues, and that younger adults do so more efficiently. This finding demonstrates that besides sensory impairment or signal noise, which reduce cue availability and thus affect audio-visual cue reliance, having experienced a change in environmental conditions can modulate the perceiver's (otherwise relatively stable) general bias towards different modalities during speech communication.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- masky * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- odezírání * MeSH
- percepce řeči fyziologie MeSH
- podněty * MeSH
- rozpoznání obličeje fyziologie MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Body ownership is critically dependent on multimodal integration as for instance revealed in the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) and a number of studies which have addressed the neural correlates of the processes underlying this phenomenon. Both experimental and clinical research have shown that the structures underlying body ownership seem to significantly overlap with those of motor control including the parietal and ventral premotor cortices, Temporal Parietal Junction (TPJ) and the insula. This raises the question of whether this structural overlap between body ownership and motor control structures is of any functional significance. Here, we investigate the specific question of whether experimentally induced ownership over a virtual limb can modulate the performance of that limb in a simple sensorimotor task. Using a Virtual reality (VR) environment we modulate body ownership in three experimental conditions with respect to the (in)congruence of stimulus configurations. Our results show that the degree of ownership directly modulates motor performance. This implies that body ownership is not exclusively a perceptual and/or subjective multimodal state but that it is tightly coupled to systems for decision-making and motor control.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hmatová percepce * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohybová aktivita * MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon * MeSH
- rozhodování * MeSH
- senzorimotorický kortex fyziologie MeSH
- virtuální realita MeSH
- zraková percepce * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Many psychiatric patients suffer from self-stigma. One consequence of these internalized prejudices is decreased treatment efficacy. Much has been written about the effects of self-stigma in patients with severe mental disorders. However, individuals with minor psychiatric disorders also suffer from self-stigma. It is therefore necessary to explore the effect of self-stigma on treatment efficacy of neurotic patients. METHOD: Aim of out study was to investigate relationship between self-stigma, severity of symptoms, and presence of comorbidit disorder and treatment outcome in neurotic patients. Patients were treated by combined psycho and pharmacotherapy. Level of self-stigma was measured by Internalized Stigma Of Mental Illness scale. Severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms was assed by Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depressive Inventory and Clinical Global Impression Scale. RESULTS: Level of self-stigma was significantly correlated with the levels of anxiety, depression and global evalutions of a mental state on the beginnig of the therapy. Up to our results patients with higher level of self-stigmatization had lower improvement after combined treatmet in respect to perceived anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION: Self-stigma seems to be an important factor influencing efficacy of combined treatment. More researches focused on self-stigmatization should be done to find an optimal therapeutic strategy for patients with higher level of self-stigmatization.
- MeSH
- antidepresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- depresivní poruchy farmakoterapie psychologie terapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychoterapie metody MeSH
- sebepojetí * MeSH
- společenské stigma * MeSH
- úzkostné poruchy farmakoterapie psychologie terapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: A combination of antidepressants with the cognitive-behavioural therapy showed effectiveness in treatment-resistant patients with panic disorder. This prospective study intended to establish how childhood adverse experiences, self-stigma, dissociation, and severity of psychopathology influence the effectiveness of combined cognitive-behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy in patients with treatment-resistant panic disorder. METHODS: One hundred and ten patients were included into the study and one hundred five subjects finished the study. After admission, the subjects were assessed during the first two days of hospitalization. Rating scales were administered before the beginning of the cognitive behavioural therapy (measurement-1) and at the end of the treatment which was after six weeks (measurement-2). Patients with panic disorder were treated using a combination of group cognitive-behavioural therapy and antidepressants. The usual antidepressant dosage range was used. Before admission to intensive cognitive behavioural therapy program, the patients were unsuccessfully treated by antidepressants for minimum 3 months, which defined them as pharmacoresistant. RESULTS: Hospitalized pharmacoresistant patients with panic disorder improved significantly throughout the 6-week intensive CBT program in all measurements that assessed the overall severity of the disorder, the degree of general anxiety and depression and the severity of specific symptoms of panic disorder and agoraphobia. The rate of improvement was negatively related to sexual abuse in childhood, presence of comorbid personality disorder, and positively with the severity of the disorder at the beginning, and the level of self-stigma at the beginning of treatment. Improvement in symptoms correlates significantly with decreasing of dissociation during the treatment.severity of depressive symptoms. The earlier development of the disorder is linked to higher score in childhood adverse events, higher level of dissociation and pathological dissociation, and higher level of self-stigma. CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study discovers importance of the role of adverse childhood experiences, self-stigma, dissociation and comorbid personality disorder in effectiveness of combined cognitive-behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy treatment in patients with treatment-resistant panic disorder.
- MeSH
- antidepresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- disociační poruchy komplikace epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- hospitalizovaní pacienti MeSH
- kognitivně behaviorální terapie * MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- léková rezistence * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nepříznivé zkušenosti z dětství * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- panická porucha diagnóza epidemiologie psychologie terapie MeSH
- poruchy osobnosti epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- sebepojetí MeSH
- společenské stigma MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- vývoj dítěte fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
... Receptor May Influence Novelty-Seeking Behavior 51 -- Mutations in Opsin Genes Influence Color Perception ... ... Overall View 335 -- Selected Readings 336 -- References 336 -- 18 The Functional Organization of Perception ... ... Cord and Medulla 446 -- The Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal System Is the Principal Pathway for Perception ... ... in the Visual Field 543 -- An Overall View 545 -- Selected Readings 545 -- References 546 -- 28 Perception ... ... 558 -- Stereoscopic Cues Create Near-Field Depth Perception 560 -- Information From the Two Eyes Is ...
4th ed. xxxiii, 1414 s. : il., tab., grafy ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- chování MeSH
- molekulární biologie MeSH
- nemoci nervového systému MeSH
- nervový systém MeSH
- neurochemie MeSH
- neurofyziologie MeSH
- neurony MeSH
- neurovědy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NLK Obory
- neurovědy
- biologie
Cílem pilotní studie bylo vyhodnotit kvalitu života (Quality of Life – QoL) u pacientek s karcinomem prsu ve vztahu k léčebným modalitám a jejich kombinacím. Ve studii QoL participovalo 71 pacientek s karcinomem prsu, QoL byla hodnocena pomocí Amerického dotazníku zdraví (SF36), Dotazníku životní spokojenosti a české výzkumné verze Functional Assessment of Breast Cancer Therapy (FACT-B). Průměrná doba od diagnózy do doby hodnocení QoL ve výzkumném souboru byla 4,5 roku. Statistická významnost rozdílů v kvalitě života mezi pacientkami s různou léčbou byla testována Mannovým-Whitneyovým testem pro jednotlivé typy terapie a Kruskalovým-Wallisovým testem pro kombinace terapie. Vztah mezi kvalitou života a léčebnou modalitou byl zjištěn pro dotazník SF36 – pro dimenzi emocionální funkční role a operační léčbu (vyšší kvalita života u operovaných, p = 0,049), pro dotazník FACT-B – fyzický stav a chemoterapii (vyšší kvalita života u pacientek bez chemoterapie, p = 0,012), pro FACT-B – sociální/rodinný stav a operační léčbu (vyšší kvalita života u operovaných, p = 0,036), pro FACT-G skóre a operační léčbu (vyšší kvalita života u operovaných, p = 0,049) a dále pro Dotazník životní spokojenosti – pro dimenzi zdraví a kombinaci léčby (nejvyšší kvalita života u kombinace operace, chemoterapie, radioterapie, biologické a hormonální terapie, nejnižší u kombinace předešlých bez biologické terapie, p = 0,027). Pro úplnost uvádíme typ a četnost vedlejších efektů léčebných modalit. Zjistili jsme vyšší QoL u operovaných pacientek a nižší QoL u pacientek vystavených chemoterapii, avšak naše závěry vyžadují další výzkumná ověření. Klíčová slova: karcinom prsu – kvalita života – onkologická léčba – vedlejší efekty léčby
The aim of the pilot study was to assess quality of life (QoL) in patients with breast carcinoma in relation to treatment modalities and their combinations. A total of 71 patients with breast carcinoma participated in this study. QoL was assessed using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Life Satisfaction Questionnaire and Czech research version of Functional Assessment of Breast Cancer Therapy (FACT-B). The average time from diagnosis at the time of QoL assessment was 4.5 years. Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the differences in QoL between groups of patients with different type of therapy and Kruskal-Wallis test for combinations of therapies. A relation between quality of life and a treatment modality was found for questionnaire SF 36 – for the dimension of emotional functional role and operation treatment (higher quality of life in operated patients, p = 0.049), for questionnaire FACT-B – physical condition and chemotherapy (higher quality of life in patients without chemotherapy, p = 0.012), for FACT-B – social/family condition and operation treatment (higher quality of life in operated patients, p = 0.036), for FACT-G score and operation treatment (higher quality of life in operated patents, p = 0.049) and further for Life Satisfaction Questionnaire – for the dimension of health and treatment combination (the highest quality of life in case of the combination of operation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biological and hormonal therapy, the lowest quality of life in case of the combination of the previous without biological therapy, p = 0.027). Additionally, we described type and occurrence of side effects of treatment modalities. Generally we found higher QoL in operated patients and lower in patients who underwent chemotherapy, however our findings require further research verifications. Key words: breast carcinoma – quality of life – oncological treatment – treatment side effects
- Klíčová slova
- onkologická léčba, vedlejší efekty léčby,
- MeSH
- adaptace psychologická MeSH
- biologická terapie psychologie MeSH
- farmakoterapie psychologie MeSH
- hormonální protinádorové látky MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- kvalita života * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mastektomie psychologie MeSH
- nádory prsu * psychologie terapie MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- přežívající psychologie MeSH
- protinádorové látky MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychometrie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- radioterapie psychologie MeSH
- sebepojetí MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- ukazatele zdravotního stavu MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The neural substrate subserving magnetoreception and magnetic orientation in mammals is largely unknown. Previous experiments have demonstrated that the processing of magnetic sensory information takes place in the superior colliculus. Here, the effects of magnetic field conditions on neuronal activity in the rodent navigation circuit were assessed by quantifying c-Fos expression. Ansell's mole-rats (Fukomys anselli), a mammalian model to study the mechanisms of magnetic compass orientation, were subjected to natural, periodically changing, and shielded magnetic fields while exploring an unfamiliar circular arena. In the undisturbed local geomagnetic field, the exploration of the novel environment and/or nesting behaviour induced c-Fos expression throughout the head direction system and the entorhinal-hippocampal spatial representation system. This induction was significantly suppressed by exposure to periodically changing and/or shielded magnetic fields; discrete decreases in c-Fos were seen in the dorsal tegmental nucleus, the anterodorsal and the laterodorsal thalamic nuclei, the postsubiculum, the retrosplenial and entorhinal cortices, and the hippocampus. Moreover, in inactive animals, magnetic field intensity manipulation suppressed c-Fos expression in the CA1 and CA3 fields of the hippocampus and the dorsal subiculum, but induced expression in the polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus. These findings suggest that key constituents of the rodent navigation circuit contain populations of neurons responsive to magnetic stimuli. Thus, magnetic information may be integrated with multimodal sensory and motor information into a common spatial representation of allocentric space within this circuit.
- MeSH
- chování zvířat MeSH
- čití, cítění genetika fyziologie MeSH
- colliculus superior metabolismus MeSH
- gyrus dentatus metabolismus MeSH
- hipokampus metabolismus MeSH
- magnetismus MeSH
- mikroftalmičtí podzemní hlodavci genetika metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- nervové dráhy fyziologie MeSH
- orientace MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-fos genetika metabolismus MeSH
- somatosenzorické korové centrum metabolismus MeSH
- vnímání prostoru fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH