AIMS: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with frailty in older people. We aim to explore changes in frailty status after ≥18 months of intervention. METHODS: 298 community-dwelling older adults (>70 years) participating in MIDFRAIL followed-up for 18-24 months were randomly allocated by trial site (cluster) to intervention IG (16-weeks resistance exercise program, nutritional-educational sessions, optimization of diabetes care), or usual care group (UCG). Frailty status was assessed by the Fried Frailty Phenotype criteria at baseline and final visit. Functional status was assessed by the SPPB in every visit. We used multivariate linear and logistic regression for continuous and dichotomous outcomes. This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01654341). RESULTS: Mean age was 77.7 (SD 5.54), 47% were male, 32.9% frail and 67.1% prefrail. The probability of improving the frailty status and decreasing the number of Fried's frailty criteria was higher in the IG than in the UCG (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.3-5.4; p = 0.009 and OR 1.9; 95%CI 1.1-3.1; p = 0.02, respectively). IG participants more frequently improved ≥1 point in SPPB score (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.09-3.12; p = 0.022). These benefits were mainly accounted for the prefrail participants. CONCLUSIONS: The MIDFRAIL intervention improved frailty status and physical function at long-term follow-up in older people with T2D.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * terapie   komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• geriatrické hodnocení MeSH
• křehkost * terapie   MeSH
• křehký senior * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odporový trénink MeSH
• samostatný způsob života MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tělesná a funkční výkonnost * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), such as infant regurgitation, infant colic, and functional constipation, are common and typically physiological phenomena during the early months of an infant's life and account for frequent consultations with pediatricians. Various infant formulas are marketed for their management and are frequently given by parents to infants before a medical consultation. However, the evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited and some have altered nutritional compositions when compared to standard formulas. Thus, these products should only be used under medical supervision and upon medical advice. Marketing and over-the-counter sales do not ensure proper medical guidance and supervision. The aim of this position paper is to review the current evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of formulas specifically formulated for addressing regurgitation, colic, and constipation, recognized as FGID. The objective is to provide guidance for clinical management based on the highest quality of available evidence. A wide search using Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed including the MESH terms infant formula, colic, constipation, regurgitation, reflux, palmitate, lactase, lactose, magnesium, hydrolyzed protein, prebiotics or probiotics. 752 papers were identified and screened. Finally, 72 papers were included in the paper. In the absence of evidence, recommendations reflect the authors' combined expert opinion. Final consensus was obtained by multiple e-mail exchange and meetings of the Nutrition Committee. (1) For breastfed infants experiencing FGID such as regurgitation, colic, or constipation, transitioning from breastfeeding to commercial formulas is not recommended. (2) In general, whether an infant is breastfed or formula-fed, it's crucial to reassure parents that FGIDs are normal and typically do not necessitate treatment or change to a special formula. (3) Thickened formulas, often termed anti-reflux formulas, may be considered in specific cases of regurgitation. (4) The usage of specialized formulas for infants with colic is not advised due to a lack of clinical evidence. (5) In the case of constipation in infants, the use of formulas enriched with high β-palmitate and increased magnesium content may be considered to soften the stool. Generally, there is limited evidence supporting the use of specialized formulas for FGID. Breastfeeding should never be discontinued in favor of formula feeding.

• MeSH
• gastrointestinální nemoci * terapie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kolika terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhražky mateřského mléka * MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• zácpa terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The multifaceted benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and infants include enhanced neurodevelopment and immune function in preterm infants. However, more research is needed to understand the unique factors affecting breastfeeding practices in preterm infants. This study aimed to identify key social predictors of breastfeeding in preterm infants and assess the effectiveness of specific interventions on their feeding practices during the first six months postpartum. METHODS: A prospective, monocentric, longitudinal study involving a cohort of 201 preterm infants was executed at the Neonatology Department, Ceske Budejovice Hospital, Czech Republic, from January 2020 to January 2023. The STROBE guidelines were used. RESULTS: The study results elucidated a transition from breastfeeding to bottle feeding and formula within the infants' first six months. Notable social predictors of breastfeeding encompassed factors such as the number of children in the household, the mother's marital status, and the nature of housing. Certain interventions, including immediate skin-to-skin contact between mother and child, and initiation of nutritive feeding within the first half-hour post-birth, significantly influenced the probability of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: The data underscored that social predictors and nursing interventions substantially shape the breastfeeding practices of preterm infants during the first six months postpartum. Inequities in health outcomes among premature infants can be effectively curbed through comprehensive care models that account for socioeconomic factors influencing breastfeeding.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The intestinal microbiota is known to influence postnatal growth. We previously found that a strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (strain LpWJL) buffers the adverse effects of chronic undernutrition on the growth of juvenile germ-free mice. Here, we report that LpWJL sustains the postnatal growth of malnourished conventional animals and supports both insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin production and activity. We have identified cell walls isolated from LpWJL, as well as muramyl dipeptide and mifamurtide, as sufficient cues to stimulate animal growth despite undernutrition. Further, we found that NOD2 is necessary in intestinal epithelial cells for LpWJL-mediated IGF-1 production and for postnatal growth promotion in malnourished conventional animals. These findings indicate that, coupled with renutrition, bacteria cell walls or purified NOD2 ligands have the potential to alleviate stunting.

• MeSH
• acetylmuramyl-alanyl-isoglutamin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• buněčná stěna chemie   MeSH
• epitelové buňky mikrobiologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• gnotobiologické modely MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulin metabolismus   MeSH
• Lactobacillaceae * fyziologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• podvýživa * patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• poruchy růstu patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• růst * účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• signální adaptorový protein Nod2 * metabolismus   MeSH
• střeva * mikrobiologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie   MeSH
• střevní sliznice mikrobiologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

It is widely upheld that global food systems are unsustainable. Sustainable diets are gaining prominence as key components to entangle global food system challenges, as well as to transition towards the pathway of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Hence, sustainable and healthy diets are at the core of much research with the aim to bring together nutritional adequacy, cultural acceptability, environmental sustainability, economic affordability, and shape future consumption patterns. This article contributes to advancing knowledge on sustainable diets by proposing a True Cost Accounting method to assess the cost and impact of the adoption of a more sustainable and healthier diet, using Italy as an illustration. The research analyses the complexity of a diet from an environmental, health, and socioeconomic point of view and defines a new assessment framework that can be replicated and adapted to other contexts. Results show that in Italy, the adoption of a sustainable and healthy diet has a 47% lower carbon footprint and 25% lower water footprint than the current diet, while impacting 13% less on the average income and food monthly expenditure. Also, the desirable diet has a 21% lower impact on the sanitary costs related to cardiovascular disease. This study corroborates that the consumption of the desirable diet would provide a total cost saving of 741 EUR per year per capita, if we consider its impact on the environment, health, and socio-economic costs.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: High intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to detrimental cardio-metabolic indicators in youth. Monitoring of SSB consumption is lacking in Eastern Europe. OBJECTIVES: We assessed trends in the prevalence of adolescent daily consumption of SSBs in 14 Eastern European countries between 2002 and 2018, both overall and according to family material affluence. METHODS: We used 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 data of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children school-based study (repeated cross-sectional). Nationally representative samples of adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years were included (n = 325,184; 51.2% girls). Adolescents completed a standardized questionnaire, including a question on SSB consumption frequency. We categorized adolescents into 3 socioeconomic groups based on the relative Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Adjusted prevalences of daily SSB consumption by survey year, as well as country-level time trends between 2002 and 2018, were computed using multilevel logistic models (overall and by FAS groups). RESULTS: In 2018, the prevalence of adolescents consuming SSBs every day varied considerably between countries (range, 5.1%-28.1%). Between 2002 and 2018, the prevalence of daily SSB consumption declined in 10/14 countries (P for linear trends ≤ 0.004). The largest reductions were observed in Slovenia (OR, 0.48; 95% CI: 0.45-0.50) and the Russian Federation (OR, 0.67; 95% CI: 0.64-0.70). Daily SSB consumption was reduced at faster rates among the most affluent adolescents (who were larger consumers in 2002) than in the least affluent adolescents in 11/14 countries (P for linear trends ≤ 0.004). Thus, differences between FAS groups narrowed over time or even reversed, leading to larger proportions of daily consumers in the least affluent adolescents in 2018 in 5/14 countries (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent daily consumption of SSBs decreased between 2002 and 2018 in most Eastern European countries. Declines were larger among higher-affluence adolescents. These results are useful to evaluate and plan interventions promoting healthy childhood diets.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cukrem slazené nápoje * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fyziologie výživy mladistvých MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sběr dat MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
• výběrové chování * MeSH
• výživa - přehledy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• východní Evropa MeSH

Najčastejšou príčinou výpadkov v zornom poli v oftalmológii je glaukómové ochorenie. K ďalším príčinám, spôsobujúcim poškodenie zorného poľa patria lokálne poškodenie samotného oka pri intrabulbárnych či retrobulbárnych neuritídach alebo pri úrazoch. Môžu byť však spôsobené aj pri celkových ochoreniach napr. pri endokrinnej orbitopatii, toxickej a nutričnej neuropatii alebo pri ochoreniach, ktoré sú lokalizované intrakraniálne. Každý z týchto nálezov už sám o sebe napovedá o charaktere lézie, jej intrakraniálnej lokalizácii, stranovom výskyte ako aj napovie, v ktorej časti zrakovej dráhy sa lézia nachádza. Použitie perimetra sa stalo preto primárnou vyšetrovacou metódou, ktorá je dostupná, nie je náročná a rýchlo umožní predpokladať diagnózu. Pri patologickom náleze na perimetrickom vyšetrení je nutné indikovať cielené zobrazovacie vyšetrenia, ako napríklad počítačová tomografia alebo magnetická rezonancia. Článok popisuje pacientku, ktorá bola primárne vyšetrená na Klinike Oftalmológie LF UK a UN Bratislava. Pacientka udávala výpadky v zornom poli a po následnej počítačovej tomografii bola interdisciplinárne riešená a operovaná na Neurochirurgickom oddelení. Po operácii došlo k výraznému zlepšeniu bez patologického nálezu na perimetri.

The most common cause of visual field loss in ophthalmology is glaucoma. Other causes of visual field damage include local damage to the eye itself in intrabulbar or retrobulbar neuritis or injuries. However, they can also be caused by general diseases, e.g. in endocrine orbitopathy, toxic and nutritional neuropathy, or in diseases that are localized intracranially. Each of these findings in itself suggests the nature of the lesion, its intracranial location, lateral occurrence, as well as in which part of the visual pathway the lesion is located. The use of perimeter has therefore become the primary examination method, which is available, is not demanding and will quickly allow a diagnosis to be made. When found on a perimetric examination, it is necessary to indicate targeted imaging examinations, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The article describes a patient who was primarily examined at the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and the University hospital of Bratislava. The patient reported visual field outages, and after subsequent computed tomography, she was interdisciplinary managed and surgery was done on at the Neurosurgical Department. After the operation, there was a significant improvement without a pathological finding on the perimeter.

• MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• meningeom * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   komplikace   MeSH
• nádory mozku chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   komplikace   MeSH
• neurochirurgické výkony MeSH
• poruchy zraku * etiologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zraková pole MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• fyzioterapie (obor) MeSH
• masáž metody   MeSH
• svaly anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• techniky fyzikální terapie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH
• učebnice MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína

Mateřské mléko je základem výživy kojenců, exkluzivní kojení je obecně doporučováno nejméně do 6. měsíce věku. Komplementární výživa (krmení) je proces, při kterém je mateřské mléko nebo náhradní kojenecká mléčná výživa doplňováno dalšími potravinami a jejich zařazování do stravy dítěte vede postupně až k přechodu k běžnému jídlu v rodině. Komplementární potraviny se zavádějí v období, ve kterém již samotné mateřské mléko nebo kojenecká mléčná výživa nestačí, a to jak z pohledu nutričního, tak z pohledu vývojového. Odborné společnosti se shodují na zařazování prvních příkrmů u nekojených dětí nejdříve po 17. týdnu a nejpozději do 26. týdne. Jejich správné zavádění má dlouhodobý vliv na zdraví dětí.

Breast milk is the basis of infant nutrition. Exclusive breastfeeding is generally recommended until at least 6 months of age. Complementary feeding is a proces in which breast milk or infant formulas are supplemented within other foods and their inclusion in the child's diet gradually leads to the transition to regular meals in the family. The complementary foods are introduced at the time when ONLY breast milk or infant formula is no longer sufficient, both from a nutritional and developmental point of view. Professional societies agree on the inclusion of the first foods for non-breastfed children not earlier than after the 17th week and not later than the 26th week. The proper introduction of first food has a long-term impact on children's health.

• MeSH
• fyziologie výživy kojenců * MeSH
• jídelníček MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potrava pro kojence * MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• Betacoronavirus MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• data management MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče MeSH
• sběr dat MeSH
• urgentní zdravotnické služby MeSH
• zdravotnické služby - potřeby a požadavky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO