Cílem publikace je představit čtenářům charakteristiku open-source software a otevřených formátů. Hlavní důraz bude kladem především na posílení bezpečnosti informačních systémů díky využívání open source software, ekonomické úspory při využívání tohoto typu software a zodpovězení nejčastějších právních otázek týkajících se distribuce a využívání open source software. Open source software a otevřené formáty jsou dle názoru autora ideální pro využití ve veřejné správě i soukromém sektoru, a to zejména z důvodů posílení bezpečnosti IT/IS (neomezený přístup ke zdrojovým kódům) a ekonomickým úsporám.

Open source paradigm is becoming widely accepted in scientific communities and open source hardware is finding its steady place in chemistry research. In this review article, we provide the reader with the most up-to-date information on open source hardware and software resources enabling the construction and utilization of an "open source capillary electrophoresis instrument". While CE is still underused as a separation technique, it offers unique flexibility, low-cost, and high efficiency and is particularly suitable for open source instrumental development. We overview the major parts of CE instruments, such as high voltage power supplies, detectors, data acquisition systems, and CE software resources with emphasis on availability of the open source information on the web and in the scientific literature. This review is the first of its kind, revealing accessible blueprints of most parts from which a fully functional open source CE system can be built. By collecting the extensive information on open source capillary electrophoresis in this review article, the authors aim at facilitating the dissemination of knowledge on CE within and outside the scientific community, fosters innovation and inspire other researchers to improve the shared CE blueprints.

• MeSH
• Equipment Design MeSH
• Electrophoresis, Capillary instrumentation   MeSH
• Electronics instrumentation   MeSH
• Software MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

Open-source automated insulin delivery systems, commonly referred to as do-it-yourself automated insulin delivery systems, are examples of user-driven innovations that were co-created and supported by an online community who were directly affected by diabetes. Their uptake continues to increase globally, with current estimates suggesting several thousand active users worldwide. Real-world user-driven evidence is growing and provides insights into safety and effectiveness of these systems. The aim of this consensus statement is two-fold. Firstly, it provides a review of the current evidence, description of the technologies, and discusses the ethics and legal considerations for these systems from an international perspective. Secondly, it provides a much-needed international health-care consensus supporting the implementation of open-source systems in clinical settings, with detailed clinical guidance. This consensus also provides important recommendations for key stakeholders that are involved in diabetes technologies, including developers, regulators, and industry, and provides medico-legal and ethical support for patient-driven, open-source innovations.

• MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 * drug therapy   MeSH
• Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Insulin * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Insulin Infusion Systems MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Health Personnel MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Karl Fogel je velice aktivní vývojář a advokát svobodného softwaru. Pravděpodobně nejznámější je jeho role ve vývoji populárního systému pro správu verzí Subversion, jehož byl po řadu let hlavním vývojářem. Podílel se také na tvorbě systému pro hostování projektů Launchpad či editoru Emacs a napsal řadu esejů a článků popularizujících svodobný přístup k vývoji softwaru.; Příručka poskytuje ucelený přehled problematiky vedení vývoje svobodného softwaru. Popisuje jednotlivé části managementu vývoje open-source softwaru, dotýká se také licenčních a právních aspektů těchto programů.

Kniha Výkonnost open source aplikací obsahuje dvanáct případových studií, jejichž autoři popisují řadu metod a triků vedoucích ke zlepšení výkonu. Škála je opravdu široká: počínaje spekulativními optimalizacemi, díky nimž nás moderní webové prohlížeče udivují svou předvídavostí, přes sofistikované algoritmy syntaktické analýzy, až po specifika mobilních zařízení.; Příručka se zabývá laděním výkonnosti softwarových aplikací.

For decades, biologists have relied on software to visualize and interpret imaging data. As techniques for acquiring images increase in complexity, resulting in larger multidimensional datasets, imaging software must adapt. ImageJ is an open-source image analysis software platform that has aided researchers with a variety of image analysis applications, driven mainly by engaged and collaborative user and developer communities. The close collaboration between programmers and users has resulted in adaptations to accommodate new challenges in image analysis that address the needs of ImageJ's diverse user base. ImageJ consists of many components, some relevant primarily for developers and a vast collection of user-centric plugins. It is available in many forms, including the widely used Fiji distribution. We refer to this entire ImageJ codebase and community as the ImageJ ecosystem. Here we review the core features of this ecosystem and highlight how ImageJ has responded to imaging technology advancements with new plugins and tools in recent years. These plugins and tools have been developed to address user needs in several areas such as visualization, segmentation, and tracking of biological entities in large, complex datasets. Moreover, new capabilities for deep learning are being added to ImageJ, reflecting a shift in the bioimage analysis community towards exploiting artificial intelligence. These new tools have been facilitated by profound architectural changes to the ImageJ core brought about by the ImageJ2 project. Therefore, we also discuss the contributions of ImageJ2 to enhancing multidimensional image processing and interoperability in the ImageJ ecosystem.

• MeSH
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted * MeSH
• Software * MeSH
• Artificial Intelligence * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Nové webové (HTML 5, WebAssembly, JavaScript, Web Components) a modelovací (FMI) standardy otevírají možnosti vytváření webových simulátorů propojujících simulační modely, grafiku, hypertext a multimédia, které lze spouštět na jakémkoliv zařízení s internetovým prohlížečem. Na těchto standardech je založena i naše technologie BodyLight.js.

• MeSH
• Models, Biological MeSH
• Physiological Phenomena MeSH
• Physiology MeSH
• Internet MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Computer-Assisted Instruction MeSH
• Computer Simulation * MeSH
• Software MeSH
• Models, Theoretical MeSH
• Teaching Materials * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Benchmarking and monitoring of urban design and transport features is crucial to achieving local and international health and sustainability goals. However, most urban indicator frameworks use coarse spatial scales that either only allow between-city comparisons, or require expensive, technical, local spatial analyses for within-city comparisons. This study developed a reusable, open-source urban indicator computational framework using open data to enable consistent local and global comparative analyses. We show this framework by calculating spatial indicators-for 25 diverse cities in 19 countries-of urban design and transport features that support health and sustainability. We link these indicators to cities' policy contexts, and identify populations living above and below critical thresholds for physical activity through walking. Efforts to broaden participation in crowdsourcing data and to calculate globally consistent indicators are essential for planning evidence-informed urban interventions, monitoring policy effects, and learning lessons from peer cities to achieve health, equity, and sustainability goals.

• MeSH
• Global Health * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Spatial Analysis MeSH
• Software MeSH
• Cities MeSH
• Health Status * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH
• Geographicals
• Cities MeSH

Protein engineering is the discipline of developing useful proteins for applications in research, therapeutic, and industrial processes by modification of naturally occurring proteins or by invention of de novo proteins. Modern protein engineering relies on the ability to rapidly generate and screen diverse libraries of mutant proteins. However, design of mutant libraries is typically hampered by scale and complexity, necessitating development of advanced automation and optimization tools that can improve efficiency and accuracy. At present, automated library design tools are functionally limited or not freely available. To address these issues, we developed Mutation Maker, an open source mutagenic oligo design software for large-scale protein engineering experiments. Mutation Maker is not only specifically tailored to multisite random and directed mutagenesis protocols, but also pioneers bespoke mutagenic oligo design for de novo gene synthesis workflows. Enabled by a novel bundle of orchestrated heuristics, optimization, constraint-satisfaction and backtracking algorithms, Mutation Maker offers a versatile toolbox for gene diversification design at industrial scale. Supported by in silico simulations and compelling experimental validation data, Mutation Maker oligos produce diverse gene libraries at high success rates irrespective of genes or vectors used. Finally, Mutation Maker was created as an extensible platform on the notion that directed evolution techniques will continue to evolve and revolutionize current and future-oriented applications.

• MeSH
• Algorithms MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetics   MeSH
• Gene Library MeSH
• Codon genetics   MeSH
• Mutation * MeSH
• Mutagenesis, Site-Directed methods   MeSH
• Mutagenesis * MeSH
• Mutant Proteins MeSH
• Oligonucleotides genetics   MeSH
• Computer Simulation MeSH
• Proteins genetics   MeSH
• Directed Molecular Evolution methods   MeSH
• Software * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

CrossFit je všestranně orientovaný tréninkový program zaměřený na rozvoj celkové kondiční připrave-nosti. K získání titulu „Fittest on Earth“ musí účastníci projít tříkolovým eliminačním systémem (CrossFit Open, Regions, Games). Cílem studie je analýza vývoje počtu účastníků v letech 2011–2017 mužů (n = 1 012 297) a žen (n = 702 011) v prvním eliminačním kole a posouzení vhodnosti počtu postupových míst v jednotlivých regionech. Výzkumná data získaná z veřejně dostupných zdrojů prokázala vzrůsta-jící lineární vývojový trend počtu účastníků (R2 = 0,98–0,99), počet mužů byl v celém období vyšší oproti počtu žen. V kategorii Individual Men (IM) byl v regionu Evropa v roce 2017 zaznamenán nejvyšší počet účastníků (n = 40 716; tj. 0,006 % z obyvatel regionu), nejmenší počet účastníků byl v roce 2017 zjištěn v regionu Západní Kanada (n = 3 678, tj. 0,028 % z obyvatel regionu). V kategorii Individual Women (IW) byl v regionu Evropa v roce 2017 zaznamenán nejvyšší počet účastnic (n = 21 742, tj. 0,003 % z obyvatel regionu), nejmenší počet účastnic byl zjištěn v regionu Západní Kanada (n = 3 596, tj. 0,027 % z obyva-tel regionu). Nedostatek dobré shody počtu postupových míst byl v kategorii IM zjištěn v letech 2016 a 2017, v kategorii IW byla zjištěna dobrá shoda v celém sledovaném období 2011–2017. Test poměru šancí prokázal, že v roce 2017 měli účastníci ze Západní Kanady 12,22krát větší šanci na postup než účastníci z Latinské Ameriky, zatímco účastnice ze stejných regionů měly 7,03krát větší šanci na po-stup. S ohledem na zjištěné výsledky lze pro kategorii IM doporučit úpravu počtu postupových míst a rozdělení regionu Evropa.

CrossFit is an all-round training program focused on the development of overall fitness. To win the title “Fittest on Earth”, the participants must pass a 3-round elimination system (CrossFit Open, Regions, Games). The objective of the study is to analyze the development of participants' numbers in 2011–2017, men (n = 1 012 297) and women (n = 702 011), in 1st elimination round and to assess the appropriateness of the number of qualifying places in particular regions. The research data from public sources show a growing linear evolutionary trend in the number of participants (R2 = 0.98–0.99); the number of men was higher than the number of women through the whole period. In the category Individual Men (IM), the highest number of participants (n = 40 716; i.e. 0.006 % of the region population) was registered in the region Europe in 2017; the lowest number of participants (n = 3 678, i.e. 0.028 % of the region popu-lation) was found in West Canada in 2017. In the category Individual Women (IW), the highest number of participants (n = 21 742, i.e. 0.003 % of the region population) was registered in Europe in 2017; the lowest number of participants (n = 3 596, i.e. 0.027 %) was found in West Canada in 2017. The lack of good correspondence in the numbers of qualifying places was found in the IM category in 2016 and 2017; in the IW category, a good correspondence was found in the whole observed period 2011–2017. The odds ratio test has shown that in 2017, males from West Canada had 12.22 times bigger chance for qualifying than males from Latin America while females from the same regions had 7.03 times bigger chance for qualifying. In view of the results, it is possible to recommend an adjustment of the number of qualifying places and the division of the region Europe.

• Keywords
• crossfit,
• MeSH
• Exercise MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Athletes statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Physical Functional Performance * MeSH
• Physical Fitness MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Evaluation Study MeSH