- MeSH
- Erythrocytes physiology MeSH
- Phosphates MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- In Vitro Techniques MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Animals MeSH
Even though the majority of knowledge about phospholipids comes from their cytoplasmic functions, in the last decade, it has been shown that nuclear phospholipids and their building blocks, inositol phosphates, have many important roles in the cell nucleus. There are clear connections of phospholipids with the regulation of gene expression and chromatin biology, however, this review focuses on less known functions of nuclear phospholipids in connection with the epigenome regulation. In particular, we highlight the roles of nuclear phospholipids and inositol phosphates that involve histone modifications, such as acetylation or methylation, tightly connected with the cell physiology. This demonstrates the importance of nuclear phospholipids in the regulation of cellular processes, and should encourage further research of nuclear phospholipids and inositol phosphates.
- MeSH
- Chromatin chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Epigenesis, Genetic * genetics MeSH
- Phospholipids chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Inositol Phosphates chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Molecular Structure MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
The aim of this study was to monitor the antibacterial effect of seven phosphate salts on selected strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, which could be considered responsible for food-borne diseases (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). For these purposes, phosphates differing in chain length were used. The tested concentrations were in the range of 0.1-2.0% (wt v(-1)) applied at the model conditions. In the majority of cases the visible inhibitory effect on the growth of observed microorganisms could be seen. Due to the chemical structure of salts and their dissociation both the pH values of cultivation broth and similarly the growth characteristics of bacterial strains were affected. The inhibition of above mentioned bacteria was apparently supported by this dissociation. Phosphates obviously made the development of most Gram-positive bacteria impossible. Especially Micrococcus luteus was extremely sensitive to the presence of these substances. On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria seemed to be resistant to the phosphate incidence. The exemption clause from the tested salts was represented by a high alkaline trisodium phosphate. It should be pointed out that generally the most significant antibacterial effects were shown by polyphosphates HEXA68 and HEXA70, trisodium phosphate undecahydrate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate and finally trisodium phosphate. By comparing the inhibitory effects of various phosphate salts can be concluded that the antibacterial activity was not determined only by the condensation degree but there was also proved the dependence on pH values.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Microbial MeSH
- Phosphates chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Polyphosphates chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
