1. vydání 108 stran : ilustrace ; 21 cm
Vzpomínky lékařů vztahující se k psychiatrické léčebně v Dobřanech s bohatou obrazovou částí.
- MeSH
- ústavy pro duševně nemocné dějiny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- příležitostné publikace MeSH
- sborníky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Psychiatrie
- NLK Obory
- psychiatrie
- dějiny lékařství
Trabectedin (T) je antineoplastická látka, která se kovalentně váže v místě malého žlábku (minor groove) DNA. Dochází tím k ovlivnění transkripce, k zastavení buněčného cyklu a k buněčné smrti. Trabectedin je registrován v léčbě pokročilých sarkomů měkkých tkání po selhání léčby antracykliny nebo ifosfamidem, v kombinaci s pegylovaným liposomálním doxorubicinem (PLD) je dále indikován k léčbě pacientek s relabujícím ovariálním karcinomem citlivým vůči platině. Ve studii Monka a spol. ve 2. linii léčby pacientek s relabujícím ovariálním karcinomem bylo při aplikaci T + PLD ve srovnání se samotným PLD zaznamenáno signifikantní prodloužení přežití bez progrese (PFS) (7,3 vs. 5,8 měsíce; HR: 0,79; 95% CI: 0,65–0,96; p = 0,0190) a zvýšení četnosti léčebných odpovědí (ORR) (27,6 % vs. 18,8 %; p = 0,0080). Zde jsou prezentovány výsledky této studie, jež se týkají dlouhodobého přežívání pacientek.
- MeSH
- alkylační protinádorové látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- dioxoly terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- doxorubicin terapeutické užití MeSH
- farmakoterapie klasifikace metody MeSH
- karcinom epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory vaječníků epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- tetrahydroisochinoliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
BaTiO3 (BTO) layers were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on TiNb, Pt/TiNb, Si (100), and fused silica substrates using various deposition conditions. Polycrystalline BTO with sizes of crystallites in the range from 90nm to 160nm was obtained at elevated substrate temperatures of (600°C-700°C). With increasing deposition temperature above 700°C the formation of unwanted rutile phase prevented the growth of perovskite ferroelectric BTO. Concurrently, with decreasing substrate temperature below 500°C, amorphous films were formed. Post-deposition annealing of the amorphous deposits allowed obtaining perovskite BTO. Using a very thin Pt interlayer between the BTO films and TiNb substrate enabled high-temperature growth of preferentially oriented BTO. Raman spectroscopy and electrical characterization indicated polar ferroelectric behaviour of the BTO films.
- MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály chemie MeSH
- difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
- elektřina MeSH
- elektrody MeSH
- lasery * MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- niob chemie MeSH
- oxid křemičitý chemie MeSH
- protézy a implantáty * MeSH
- Ramanova spektroskopie MeSH
- slitiny chemie MeSH
- sloučeniny barya chemie MeSH
- titan chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cancer treatment has been greatly improved by the combined use of targeted therapies and novel biotechnological methods. Regarding the former, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) has a preferential accumulation within cancer tumors, thus having lower toxicity on healthy cells. PLD has been implemented in the targeted treatment of sarcoma, ovarian, breast, and lung cancer. In comparison with conventional doxorubicin, PLD has lower cardiotoxicity and hematotoxicity; however, PLD can induce mucositis and palmo-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE, hand-foot syndrome), which limits its use. Therapeutical apheresis is a clinically proven solution against early PLD toxicity without hindering the efficacy of the treatment. The present review summarizes the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PLD and the beneficial effects of extracorporeal apheresis on the incidence of PPE during chemoradiotherapy in cancer patients.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Polycystic liver disease (PLD) occurs in two genetic disorders, autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal-dominant polycystic liver disease (ADPLD). The aim of this study is to compare disease severity between ADPKD and ADPLD by determining the association between diagnosis and height-adjusted total liver volume (hTLV). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis with hTLV as endpoint. Patients were identified from the International PLD Registry (>10 liver cysts) and included in our analysis when PLD diagnosis was made prior to September 2017, hTLV was available before volume-reducing therapy (measured on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) and when patients were tertiary referred. Data from the registry were retrieved for age, diagnosis (ADPKD or ADPLD), gender, height and hTLV. RESULTS: A total of 360 patients (ADPKD n = 241; ADPLD n = 119) met our inclusion criteria. Female ADPKD patients had larger hTLV compared with ADPLD (P = 0.008). In a multivariate regression analysis, ADPKD and lower age at index CT were independently associated with larger hTLV in females, whereas in males a higher age was associated with larger hTLV. Young females (≤51 years) had larger liver volumes compared with older females (>51 years) in ADPKD. CONCLUSION: Aetiology is presented as a new risk factor associated with PLD severity. Young females with ADPKD represent a subgroup of PLD patients with the most severe phenotype expressed in hTLV.
- MeSH
- cysty diagnostické zobrazování epidemiologie genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- játra diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- nemoci jater diagnostické zobrazování epidemiologie genetika MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie * MeSH
- polycystické ledviny autozomálně dominantní diagnostické zobrazování epidemiologie genetika MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- velikost orgánu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Belgie MeSH
- Nizozemsko MeSH
PURPOSE: To examine the removal of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) during plasmafiltration (PF) and determine whether the drug could be withheld prior to its organ distribution responsible for mucocutaneous toxicity. METHODS: Six patients suffering from platinum-resistant ovarian cancer were treated with a 1-h IV infusion 50 mg/m(2) of PLD/cycle-for three cycles q4w. Over 44 (46)-47(49) h postinfusion, five patients (14 cycles in total) underwent PF using a cascade PF method consisted of plasma separation by centrifugation and plasma treatment using filtration based one volume of plasma treatment, i.e., 3.18 L (±0.6 L) and plasma flow 1.0 L/h (0.91-1.48 L/h). Doxorubicin concentration in blood was monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography method for 116 h postinfusion. Pharmacokinetic parameters determined from plasma concentration included volume of distribution, total body clearance, half-life of elimination, and area under the plasma concentration versus time. The amount of doxorubicin in the body eliminated by the patient and via extracorporeal treatment was evaluated. Toxicity was tested using CTCAE v4.0. RESULTS: The efficacy of PF and early responses to PLD/PF combination strategy were as follows: over 44(46) h postinfusion considered necessary for target distribution of PLD to tumor, patients eliminated 46 % (35-56 %) of the dose administered. Over 44(46)-47(49) h postinfusion, a single one-volume plasma filtration removed 40 % (22-45 %) (Mi5) of the remaining doxorubicin amount in the body. Total fraction eliminated attained 81 % (75-86 %). The most common treatment-related adverse events (grade 1-2) such as nausea (4/14 cycles-28 %) and vomiting (3/14 cycles-21 %) appeared during 44 h postinfusion. Hematological toxicity-anemia (5/14 cycles-35 %) was reported after cycle II termination. Symptoms of PPE-like syndrome (grade 1-2) appeared in one patient concomitantly with thrombophlebitis and malignant effusion. In this study, only one adverse reaction (1/14-7 %) as short-term malaise and nausea was reported by the investigator as probably related to PF. CONCLUSION: A single one-volume PF does remove a clinically important amount of doxorubicin in a kinetic targeting approach. There were no serious signs of drug toxicity and/or PF-related adverse events. Kinetically guided therapy with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin combined with PF may be a useful tool to the higher efficacy and tolerability of therapy with PLD.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- doxorubicin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky analogy a deriváty krev farmakokinetika MeSH
- hemofiltrace škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- kritické orgány MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolická clearance MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- nádory vejcovodů * farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- plocha pod křivkou MeSH
- poločas MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky farmakokinetika MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- protinádorová antibiotika aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky krev farmakokinetika MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in the world's female population and with the highest lethality index among gynecological tumors. The prognosis of metastatic disease is usually poor, especially in platinum-resistant cases. There are several options for the treatment of metastatic disease resistant to platinum derivates (e.g. paclitaxel, topotecan and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin), all of which are considered equipotent. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is a liposomal form of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin. It is characterized by more convenient pharmacokinetics and a different toxicity profile. Cardiotoxicity, the major adverse effect of conventional doxorubicin, is reduced in PLD as well as hematotoxicity, alopecia, nausea and vomiting. Skin toxicity and mucositis, however, emerge as serious issues since they represent dose and schedule-limiting toxicities. The pharmacokinetics of PLD (prolonged biological half-life and preferential distribution into tumor tissue) provide new possibilities to address these toxicity issues. The extracorporeal elimination of circulating liposomes after PLD saturation in the tumor tissue represents a novel and potent strategy to diminish drug toxicity. This article intends to review PLD characteristics and the importance of extracorporeal elimination to enhance treatment tolerance and benefits.
- MeSH
- chemorezistence MeSH
- cytostatické látky MeSH
- doxorubicin analogy a deriváty krev terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mimotělní oběh * MeSH
- nádory vaječníků krev farmakoterapie MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly terapeutické užití MeSH
- protinádorová antibiotika krev terapeutické užití MeSH
- sloučeniny platiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
PURPOSE: The present study evaluates the safety and efficacy of double-plasma filtration (PF) to remove the exceeding pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in circulation, thus reducing mucocutaneous toxicity. METHODS: A total of 16 patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer were treated with 50 mg/m2 PLD applied in 1-h IV infusion every 28 days. PF was scheduled at 44-46 h post-infusion. The concentration of plasma PLD and non-liposomal doxorubicin (NLD) was monitored with high-performance liquid chromatography at 116 h post-infusion. A non-linear method for mixed-effects was used in the population pharmacokinetic model. The dose fraction of PLD eliminated by the patient prior to PF was compared with the fraction removed by PF. PLD-related toxicity was recorded according to CTCAE v4.0 criteria and compared to historical data. Anticancer effects were evaluated according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. RESULTS: The patients received a median of 3 (2-6) chemotherapy cycles. A total of 53 cycles with PF were evaluated, which removed 31% (10) of the dose; on the other hand, the fraction eliminated prior to PF was of 34% (7). Exposure to NLD reached only 10% of exposure to the parent PLD. PLD-related toxicity was low, finding only one case of grade 3 hand-foot syndrome (6.7%) and grade 1 mucositis (6.7%). Other adverse effects were also mild (grade 1-2). PF-related adverse effects were low (7%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was of 3.6 (1.5-8.1) and 7.5 (1.7-26.7) months, respectively. Furthermore, 33% of the patients achieved stable disease (SD), whereas that 67% progressed. CONCLUSION: PF can be considered as safe and effective for the extracorporeal removal of PLD, resulting in a lower incidence of mucocutaneous toxicity.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- doxorubicin škodlivé účinky analogy a deriváty MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory vaječníků farmakoterapie MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv farmakoterapie MeSH
- organoplatinové sloučeniny terapeutické užití MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly škodlivé účinky MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- protinádorová antibiotika škodlivé účinky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH