OBJECTIVE: An extension of single- and multi-channel blind deconvolution is presented to improve the estimation of the arterial input function (AIF) in quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). METHODS: The Lucy-Richardson expectation-maximization algorithm is used to obtain estimates of the AIF and the tissue residue function (TRF). In the first part of the algorithm, nonparametric estimates of the AIF and TRF are obtained. In the second part, the decaying part of the AIF is approximated by three decaying exponential functions with the same delay, giving an almost noise free semi-parametric AIF. Simultaneously, the TRF is approximated using the adiabatic approximation of the Johnson-Wilson (aaJW) pharmacokinetic model. RESULTS: In simulations and tests on real data, use of this AIF gave perfusion values close to those obtained with the corresponding previously published nonparametric AIF, and are more noise robust. CONCLUSION: When used subsequently in voxelwise perfusion analysis, these semi-parametric AIFs should give more correct perfusion analysis maps less affected by recording noise than the corresponding nonparametric AIFs, and AIFs obtained from arteries. SIGNIFICANCE: This paper presents a method to increase the noise robustness in the estimation of the perfusion parameter values in DCE-MRI.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• arterie patologie   MeSH
• kontrastní látky chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• perfuze MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• vylepšení obrazu * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Shear wave elastography is a relatively new method of quantitative measurement of tissue elasticity. Assuming that malignant lesions are stiffer than benign ones, elastography may provide supplementary information for their discrimination. However, potential confounding factors impacting tissue stiffness should be investigated first. AIMS: The objective of this study was to measure the stiffness of selected tissues of the head and neck in a normal population and to evaluate its relationship to age, sex, and body mass index. METHODS: Stiffness of the thyroid, submandibular and parotid glands, masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscles, and cervical lymph nodes was measured bilaterally in 128 healthy volunteers (83 female and 45 male). At least 20 subjects in each decade of life (20-29, 30-39‥, 70+) were enrolled. Shear wave elastography was performed by a single radiologist in all the subjects. The stiffnesses obtained were correlated with age, sex, and body mass index. RESULTS: The mean stiffness was 9.5 ± 3.6 kPa for the thyroid, 9.5 ± 4.6 kPa for the lymph node, 11.0 ± 3.4 kPa for the submandibular gland, 9.0 ± 3.5 kPa for the parotid gland, 9.9 ± 4.1 kPa for the sternocleidomastoid, and 10.0 ± 4.3 kPa for the masseter muscle. A slight general decrease in stiffness with increasing age was found. BMI and weight had a small impact on the minimum and maximum stiffness values. The sex of the subject did not affect elasticity. CONCLUSION: The mean stiffness of healthy head and neck organs has a relatively narrow distribution around 11 kPa. The changes of stiffness with age, BMI, and weight that were identified are too small to have clinical impact.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• elastografie metody   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• krční svaly diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• parotis diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• pružnost fyziologie   MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• štítná žláza diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Parasitoids acting as biocontrol agents provide farmers with valuable ecosystem services, but are sensitive to insecticides applied against pests. Besides lethal effects of insecticides, sublethal effects observed among survivors may further influence parasitoids' performance. However, information on sublethal effects is scattered across case studies, without a quantitative synthesis and evaluation of generality of respective data. We conducted an analysis of 85 primary empirical datasets to quantify sublethal effects of insecticide application on two key parameters of parasitoid fitness, offspring production and proportion of females among offspring (i.e. sex ratio). To create a direct link to existing agricultural practices, we primarily focused on studies in which parasitoids were exposed to field-recommended concentrations of insecticides. Insecticide-exposed females produced substantially fewer and more male-biased offspring, accounting for an average of about 28% cumulative loss in parasitoid reproductive capacity per generation. The magnitude of sublethal effects was significantly affected by insecticide mode of action, with broad-spectrum insecticides being particularly harmful to parasitoid reproductive performance. Transgenic crops and toxins derived from such plants were generally associated with weaker sublethal effects than majority of synthetic insecticides. Nevertheless, species responses, even to the same insecticides and transgenic crops, showed high variability, cautioning against extrapolating results from individual studies to a wider range of species. Overall, our results indicate that sublethal side-effects on parasitoid reproductive performance represent a significant and widespread cost of insecticides that should explicitly be taken into account when evaluating their harmfulness. Linking laboratory results to field situations remains a key challenge for future research.

• MeSH
• geneticky modifikované rostliny účinky léků   růst a vývoj   parazitologie   MeSH
• Hymenoptera účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• insekticidy toxicita   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita účinky léků   MeSH
• LD50 MeSH
• rozmnožování * MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny účinky léků   růst a vývoj   parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: In human body fluids, microRNA (miRNA) can be found as circulating cell-free miRNA (cfmiRNA), as well as secreted into extracellular vesicles (EVmiRNA). miRNAs are being intensively evaluated as minimally invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers in patients with cancer. The growing interest in developing clinical assays for circulating miRNA necessitates careful consideration of confounding effects of preanalytical and analytical parameters. METHODS: By using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS), we compared extraction efficiencies of 5 different protocols for cfmiRNA and 2 protocols for EVmiRNA isolation in a multicentric manner. The efficiency of the different extraction methods was evaluated by measuring exogenously spiked cel-miR-39 and 6 targeted miRNAs in plasma from 20 healthy individuals. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the tested methods. Although column-based extraction methods were highly effective for the isolation of endogenous miRNA, phenol extraction combined with column-based miRNA purification and ultracentrifugation resulted in lower quality and quantity of isolated miRNA. Among all extraction methods, the ubiquitously expressed miR-16 was represented with high abundance when compared with other targeted miRNAs. In addition, the use of miR-16 as an endogenous control for normalization of quantification cycle values resulted in a decreased variability of column-based cfmiRNA extraction methods. Cluster analysis of normalized NGS counts clearly indicated a method-dependent bias. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of plasma miRNA extraction methods affects the selection of potential miRNA marker candidates and mechanistic interpretation of results, which should be done with caution, particularly across studies using different protocols.

• MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans chemie   MeSH
• chemická frakcionace metody   MeSH
• cirkulující mikroRNA krev   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• extracelulární vezikuly chemie   MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery krev   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí metody   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to identify parameters influencing DNA extraction and PCR amplification efficiencies in an attempt to standardize Mucorales qPCR. The Fungal PCR Initiative Mucorales Laboratory Working Group distributed two panels of simulated samples to 26 laboratories: Panel A (six sera spiked with Mucorales DNA and one negative control serum) and Panel B (six Mucorales DNA extracts). Panel A underwent DNA extraction in each laboratory according to the local procedure and were sent to a central laboratory for testing using three different qPCR techniques: one in-house qPCR assay and two commercial assays (MucorGenius and Fungiplex). Panel B DNA extracts were PCR amplified in each laboratory using local procedures: nine in-house qPCR assays and two commercial kits (MucorGenius and MycoGENIE). All data were compiled and anonymously analyzed at the central laboratory. For Panel A, a total of six different automated platforms and five manual extraction methods were used. Positive rates were 64%, 70%, and 89%, for the MucorGenius, Fungiplex, and the in-house qPCR assay, respectively. Using a large volume of serum for DNA extraction provided the highest analytical sensitivity (82.5% for 1 mL compared with 62.7% for smaller volumes, P < 0.01). For Panel B, five in-house qPCR assays and two commercial kits had >78% positivity. Using larger PCR input volumes (≥7 μL) was associated with the highest sensitivity at 95.5% compared to 58.3% when lower input volumes were used (P < 0.01). Using larger sample volumes for nucleic acid extraction and DNA template volumes for PCR amplification significantly improves the performance of Mucorales qPCR when testing serum. IMPORTANCE: Mucormycosis is a life-threatening mold infection affecting immunosuppressed patients but also other patients with diabetes or trauma. Better survival is linked to shorter delays in diagnosis and treatment initiation. Detection of Mucorales-free DNA in serum or plasma using quantitative PCR allows a prompt diagnosis and earlier treatment. Several techniques and protocols of quantitative Mucorales PCR are used in Europe, and improving performance remains a common objective of laboratories participating in the fungal PCR Initiative Working Group. This study, which combined results from 26 laboratories in Europe, showed that the main parameters underpinning sensitivity are the preanalytical variables (volume of serum used for DNA extraction and DNA template volume), irrespective of the extraction platforms and qPCR assay/platform.

• MeSH
• diagnostické techniky molekulární normy   metody   MeSH
• DNA fungální * krev   genetika   MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce * normy   metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Mucorales * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mukormykóza * diagnóza   mikrobiologie   krev   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH

A soluble form of endoglin (sEng) released into the circulation was suggested to be a direct inducer of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and contributed to the development of hypertension by interfering with TGF-β signaling in cardiovascular pathologies. In the present study, we assessed the hypothesis that high sEng level-induced hypertension via a possible sEng interference with TGF-β signaling pathways may result in inflammatory, structural or fibrotic changes in hearts of Sol-Eng+ mice (mice with high levels of soluble endoglin) fed either chow or high-fat diet. Female Sol-Eng+ mice and their age matched littermates with low plasma levels of sEng were fed either chow or high-fat diet (HFD). Heart samples were subsequently analyzed by histology, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In this study, no differences in myocardial morphology/hypertrophy and possible fibrotic changes between Sol-Eng+ mice and control mice were detected on both chow and HFD. The presence of sEng did not significantly affect the expression of selected members of TGF-β signaling (membrane endoglin, TGFβRII, ALK-5, ALK-1, Id-1, PAI-1 and activated Smad proteins-pSmad 1,5 and pSmad 2,3), inflammation, heart remodeling (PDGFb, Col1A1) and endothelial dysfunction (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) in the hearts of Sol-Eng+ mice compared to control mice on both chow and high-fat diet. High levels of soluble endoglin did not affect microscopic structure (profibrotic and degenerative cardiomyocyte changes), and specific parts of TGF-β signaling, endothelial function and inflammation in the heart of Sol-Eng+ mice fed both chow diet or HFD. However, we cannot rule out a possibility that a long-term chronic exposure (9 months and more) to soluble endoglin alone or combined with other cardiovascular risk factors may contribute to alterations of heart function and structure in Sol-Eng+ mice, which is the topic in our lab in ongoing experiments.

• MeSH
• endoglin biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• hypertenze krev   komplikace   MeSH
• hypertrofická kardiomyopatie krev   etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myokard metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši transgenní MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• regulace genové exprese * MeSH
• RNA genetika   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• srdce MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• western blotting MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Úvod: Infekce, především Lymeská borelióza, jsou po idiopatické (Bellově) obrně nejčastějším etiologickým faktorem akutních paréz lícního nervu. Možnosti odlišení boreliové etiologie na základě klinických a anamnestických charakteristik postižení se mezi publikovanými studiemi liší, a nejednotný je i názor na zařazení vyšetření mozkomíšního moku (CSF) do diagnostického algoritmu pacientů s akutní parézou lícního nervu. Metodika: Podrobná anamnéza, neurologické vyšetření, základní laboratorní screening, sérologické vyšetření boreliózy a analýza CSF byly provedeny u souboru pacientů, hospitalizovaných v období od I/2001 do XII/2005 na NK FN Brno pro akutní faciální parézu. Výsledky: U 24 pacientů (15 mužů, 9 žen, průměrný věk 54,5 ± 15,7) byla prokázána boreliová etiologie postižení, u 97 pacientů (51 mužů, 46 žen, průměrný věk 45,2 ± 17,5) byla paréza hodnocena jako idiopatická. Protilátky proti borelióze byly prokázány v séru (ale nikoli v CSF) u 22 % pacientů s idiopatickou parézou, což odpovídá výskytu antiboreliových protilátek v sérech zdravých jedinců v našem geografickém regionu. U pacientů s boreliózou byl významně častější anamnestický údaj o přisátí klíštěte, bolestech hlavy a také o výskytu různých subjektivních symptomů a/nebo abnormit objektivního neurologického nálezu, lokalizovaných mimo oblast hlavy a vzniklých v časové vazbě se vznikem parézy. Alespoň jeden z těchto parametrů jsme prokázali u 18 pacientů (75 %) s boreliovou etiologií parézy a u 32 pacientů (33 %) s idiopatickým postižením. Hodnoty zánětlivých markerů v séru stejně jako tělesná teplota se mezi sledovanými skupinami významně nelišily. Závěr: Přestože výskyt některých anamnestických a klinických charakteristik a průkaz protilátek v séru zvyšují pravděpodobnost boreliové etiologie akutní faciální parézy, její spolehlivé odlišení neumožňuje žádný z těchto parametrů ani jejich kombinace. Naše nálezy tak podporují význam vyšetření CSF, které proto doporučujeme jako integrální součást vyšetřovacího algoritmu u pacientů s akutní parézou lícního nervu.

Background: Besides idiopathic (Bells) palsy, infectious diseases (in particular Lyme's disease) represent the most frequent cause of acute facial palsy. The identification of patients with infectious aetiology based on clinical features and medical history however seems to be controversial according to published studies, and the examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is frequently not an integral part of the routine diagnostic algorithm of acute facial palsy. Methods: A detailed medical history, clinical neurological examination, routine biochemical and haematological laboratory screening, serologic tests for anti-borrelia antibodies and CSF analysis were performed in a group of patients admitted between I/2001 and XII/2005 to the Department of Neurology of the Brno University Hospital due to acute facial palsy. Results: 24 patients (15 men, 9 women, mean age 54.5 ± 15.7) met the diagnostic criteria of American Academy of Neurology for borreliosis as the aetiology of acute facial palsy (Lyme disease group), while in 97 patients (51 men, 46 women, mean age 45.2 ± 17.5) the paresis was classified as Bells palsy (idiopathic group). Anti-borrelia antibodies were found in serum (but not in CSF) of 22 % of patients of the idiopathic group, which is not different from the incidence of these antibodies among healthy individuals in our region. History of tick-bites, headache and a presence of recently developed symptoms and/or signs of nervous system dysfunction except the affection of other cranial nerves were significantly more frequent in the Lyme disease group. One or more of these parameters were found in 18 patients (75 %) of the Lyme disease group but also in 32 patients (33 %) of the idiopathic group. Serum markers of inflammation and body temperature did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusions: In spite of the fact that some clinical features and medical history data, as well as the presence of anti-borrelia antibodies in serum, considerably increase the probability of Lyme disease as the aetiology of acute facial palsy, none of these parameters alone or in combination with each other provides reliable possibility of the identification of the aetiology of acute facial palsy. Our findings thus support the importance of CSF examination as the integral part of diagnostic algorithm in acute facial palsy.

• MeSH
• Bellova paréza diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
• lymeská nemoc diagnóza   imunologie   komplikace   MeSH
• mozkomíšní mok imunologie   MeSH
• nervus facialis patologie   MeSH
• paréza etiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

This article deals with the issue of social exclusion of immigrants in the Czech Republic. A review of expert sources indicates that immigrants are most often excluded from the labour market, housing market, and in communication with institutions. These areas became the target of our research. We observed how they were affect by knowledge of the Czech language, length of residence and type of work performed. The study was conducted using quantitative research strategies, interviews, and a questionnaire, the clarity of which was ensured by a double translation. The research group consisted of immigrants, namely Vietnamese, Slovak, Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish nationalities, living in selected regions of the Czech Republic. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences among the immigrant groups. The Vietnamese were least satisfied with housing conditions; they often reported living in overcrowded apartments and dormitories, and saw little chance of changing their situation because of discrimination by landlords. With regard to Czech language skills, the greater difference between Czech and Vietnamese and the relative similarity between Czech and the other studied immigrant languages also played a role. As a result, this indicator also showed the greatest dissatisfaction among the Vietnamese. For employees, poor knowledge of Czech corresponds to lower socioeconomic status.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emigranti a imigranti psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předsudek psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sociální izolace * MeSH
• společenská třída * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Vietnam MeSH

AIMS: To demonstrate that pregnancy-related complications are associated with alterations in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular microRNA expression. Gene expression of 32 microRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-33a-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-208a-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-499a-5p, and miR-574-3p) was assessed in placental tissues, compared between groups (35 gestational hypertension, 80 preeclampsia, 35 intrauterine growth restriction and 20 normal pregnancies) and correlated with the severity of the disease with respect to clinical signs, delivery date, and Doppler ultrasound parameters. Initially, selection and validation of endogenous controls for microRNA expression studies in placental tissues affected by pregnancy-related complications have been carried out. RESULTS: The expression profile of microRNAs was different between pregnancy-related complications and controls. The up-regulation of miR-499a-5p was a common phenomenon shared between gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Preeclamptic pregnancies delivering after 34 weeks of gestation and IUGR with abnormal values of flow rate in the umbilical artery demonstrated up-regulation of miR-1-3b. Preeclampsia and IUGR requiring termination of gestation before 34 weeks of gestation were associated with down-regulation of miR-26a-5p, miR-103a-3p and miR-145-5p. On the other hand, some of microRNAs (miR-16-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-195-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-342-3p, and miR-574-3p) were only down-regulated or showed a trend to down-regulation just in intrauterine growth restriction pregnancies requiring the delivery before 34 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION: Epigenetic changes induced by pregnancy-related complications in placental tissue may cause later onset of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in offspring.

• MeSH
• cerebrovaskulární poruchy diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• down regulace MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• hypertenze indukovaná těhotenstvím diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• nemoci cév diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• placenta metabolismus   MeSH
• preeklampsie diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• růstová retardace plodu diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• ultrasonografie dopplerovská MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Tyrophagus putrescentiae is inhabited by bacteria that differ among mite populations (strains) and diets. Here, we investigated how the microbiome and fitness of Tputrescentiae are altered by dietary perturbations and mite populations. Four T. putrescentiae populations, referred to as dog, Koppert, laboratory, and Phillips, underwent a perturbation, i.e., a dietary switch from a rearing diet to two experimental diets. The microbiome was investigated by sequencing the V1-V3 portion of the 16S rRNA gene, and selected bacterial taxa were quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) using group/taxon-specific primers. The parameters observed were the changes in mite population growth and nutritional status, i.e., the total glycogen, lipid, saccharide, and protein contents in mites. The effect of diet perturbation on the variability of the microbiome composition and population growth was lower than the effect induced by mite population. In contrast, the diet perturbation showed a greater effect on nutritional status of mites than the mite population. The endosymbionts exhibited high variations among T. putrescentiae populations, including Cardinium in the laboratory population, Blattabacterium-like bacteria in the dog population, and Wolbachia in the dog and Phillips populations. Solitalea-like and Bartonella-like bacteria were present in the dog, Koppert, and Phillips populations in different proportions. The T. putrescentiae microbiome is dynamic and varies based on both the mite population and perturbation; however, the mites remain characterized by robust bacterial communities. Bacterial endosymbionts were found in all populations but represented a dominant portion of the microbiome in only some populations.IMPORTANCE We addressed the question of whether population origin or perturbation exerts a more significant influence on the bacterial community of the stored product mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae The microbiomes of four populations of T. putrescentiae insects subjected to diet perturbation were compared. Based on our results, the bacterial community was more affected by the mite population than by diet perturbation. This result can be interpreted as indicating high stability of the putative intracellular symbionts in response to dietary perturbation. The changes in the absolute and relative numbers of Wolbachia, Blattabacterium-like, Solitalea-like, and Cardinium bacteria in the T. putrescentiae populations can also be caused by neutral processes other than perturbation. When nutritional status is considered, the effect of population appeared less important than the perturbation. We hypothesize that differences in the proportions of the endosymbiotic bacteria result in changes in mite population growth.

• MeSH
• Acaridae mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• dieta metody   MeSH
• DNA bakterií chemie   genetika   MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH