- MeSH
- Frontal Lobe MeSH
- Corpus Callosum MeSH
- Histology MeSH
- Cats MeSH
- Parietal Lobe MeSH
- Check Tag
- Cats MeSH
- MeSH
- Frontal Lobe MeSH
- Corpus Callosum MeSH
- Histology MeSH
- Cats MeSH
- Parietal Lobe MeSH
- Check Tag
- Cats MeSH
Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultatis medicae ; 109 Higher nervous activity ; 28. Monograph series ; 9
1. ed. 220 s. : il. ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- Agnosia MeSH
- Phantom Limb MeSH
- Gerstmann Syndrome MeSH
- Brain MeSH
- Brain Diseases MeSH
- Parietal Lobe MeSH
- Publication type
- Monograph MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- neurologie
A current topic in neurobiology is the study of the role of various brain structures in processing of spatial information. The present study was aimed at elucidating the role of the rat posterior parietal cortex in performing a place avoidance task. Two variants of the task were used: an arena frame task, in which animals were trained to avoid a sector defined by local cues bound to the surface of a rotating arena, and the room frame task, in which the shock sector was defined with respect to distal room landmarks. The results showed that both control and lesioned rats were able to efficiently solve both tasks, while locomotion was not altered. These results suggest that the posterior parietal cortex is not crucial for the processing of either proximal or distal cues in place avoidance.
- MeSH
- Analysis of Variance MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Behavior, Animal MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Locomotion physiology MeSH
- Orientation MeSH
- Cues MeSH
- Rats, Long-Evans MeSH
- Spatial Behavior physiology MeSH
- Reaction Time physiology MeSH
- Parietal Lobe physiology injuries MeSH
- Avoidance Learning physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
Cíl: Naším záměrem bylo vytvořit jednoduché vizuální hodnocení parietální atrofie na MR mozku využitelné u neurodegenerativních demencí, především u Alzheimerovy nemoci. Posoudili jsme parietální oblast v průběhu přirozeného stárnutí. Soubor a metodika: Vytvořili jsme nové hodnocení, které jsme nazvali Parietální atrofický skór. Je založeno na semikvantitativním skórování tří struktur na koronárních řezech v rozsahu celého parietálního laloku: parietálních gyrů, sulcus cingularis posterior a precuneu. Každá struktura byla podle vizuálního posouzení velikosti hodnocena stupněm 0 - bez atrofie, 1 - hraniční nález nebo 2 - významná atrofie. Z nich vznikl jeden výsledný skór pro každou stranu a ze skórů obou stran jeden celkový skór pro celý mozek. Užitím vizuální hodnotící škály jsme klasifikovali parietální oblasti u 74 starších osob s normálním testem kognitivních funkcí Mini-Mental State Examination (29 ± 1 bod) v širokém věkovém rozmezí 48-87 let. Výsledky: Se vzrůstajícím věkem dochází k mírné progresi parietální atrofie (r = 0,2; p = 0,05). Celkový skór parietální tkáně nesouvisel se vzděláním, pohlavím či dominancí ruky. Závěr: Naše nová vizuální klasifikace velikosti parietálních laloků na MR je snadná a rychlá metoda pro klinickou praxi. Podle ní dochází k zanedbatelnému úbytku parietálního laloku při stárnutí.
Aim: Our intention was to create a simple visual evaluation of parietal atrophy on MRI of the brain useful in identifying neurodegenerative dementias, especially Alzheimers disease. We assessed the changes of the parietal regions during natural aging. Patients and methods: We created a new rating scale that we named the Parietal atrophy score. This method is based on semiquantitative scoring of three structures on coronal slices in the entire parietal lobe: parietal gyri, sulcus cingularis posterior and precuneus. Each structure was rated according to the visual classification size as 0 - a normal size without atrophy, 1 - a borderline finding or 2 -; a considerable atrophy. These ratings were summarized into one score for each hemisphere and then these two were integrated into one score for the entire brain. Using a visual rating scale, we classified the parietal regions in 74 elderly subjects with a normal Mini-Mental State Examination score (29 ± 1 point) with a wide range of ages between 48 - 87 years. Results: Increasing age is associated with a mild progression of the parietal lobe atrophy (r = 0.2; p = 0.05). The overall score of the parietal tissue was not associated with education, gender or hand dominance. Conclusion: Our new visual rating system of parietal atrophy is an easy and fast method for use in clinical practice. Natural aging is accompanied with negligible parietal atrophic changes.
- Keywords
- parietální atrofie,
- MeSH
- Alzheimer Disease * diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Atrophy diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Hippocampus diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging * methods MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Parietal Lobe diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
In post-stroke spasticity (PSS), effective treatment with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is associated with transient decrease in activation of the ipsilesional superior parietal lobule (SPL) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS). We hypothesized that this would be reflected in changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the SPL/IPS. Our aim was therefore to assess rsFC of the ipsilesional SPL/IPS in chronic stroke patients with hemiparesis both with and without PSS and to explore the relationship between SPL/IPS rsFC and PSS severity. To this end, fourteen chronic stroke patients with upper limb weakness and PSS (the PSS group) and 8 patients with comparable weakness but no PSS (the control group) underwent clinical evaluation and 3 fMRI examinations, at baseline (W0) and 4 and 11 weeks after BoNT (W4 and W11, respectively). Seed-based rsFC of the atlas-based SPL and IPS was evaluated using a group×time interaction analysis and a correlation analysis with PSS severity (modified Ashworth scale), integrity of the ipsilesional somatosensory afferent pathway (evoked potential N20 latency), and age. In the PSS group, transient improvement in PSS was associated with increase in rsFC between the ipsilesional IPS and the contralesional SPL at W4. The interhemispheric connectivity was negatively correlated with PSS severity at baseline and with PSS improvement at W4. We propose adaptation of the internal forward model as the putative underlying mechanism and discuss its possible association with increased limb use, diminished spastic dystonia, or improved motor performance, as well as its potential contribution to the clinical effects of BoNT.
- MeSH
- Botulinum Toxins, Type A * therapeutic use MeSH
- Stroke * complications MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
- Neuromuscular Agents * therapeutic use MeSH
- Muscle Spasticity MeSH
- Parietal Lobe MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
