BACKGROUND: To predict worsening heart failure hospitalizations (WHFHs), the HeartInsight multiparametric algorithm calculates a heart failure (HF) Score based on temporal trends of physiologic parameters obtained through automatic daily remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). OBJECTIVE: We studied the association of the baseline HF Score, determined at algorithm activation, with long-term patient outcomes. METHODS: Data from 9 clinical trials were pooled, including 1841 ICD patients with a preimplantation ejection fraction ≤35%, New York Heart Association class II/III, and no long-standing atrial fibrillation. The primary end point was a composite of death or WHFH. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 631 days (interquartile range, 385-865 days), there were 243 WHFHs in 173 patients (9.4%) and 122 deaths (6.6%), 52 of which (42.6%) were cardiovascular. The primary end point occurred in 265 patients (14.4%). A multivariable time-to-first-event analysis showed that a high baseline HF Score (>23, as determined by a time-dependent receiver operating characteristics curve analysis) was significantly associated with the occurrence of the primary end point (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-2.71; P < .0001), all-cause death (HR, 2.37; CI, 1.56-3.58; P < .0001), cardiovascular death (HR, 2.19; CI, 1.14-4.22; P = .019), and WHFH (HR, 1.91; CI, 1.35-2.71; P = .0003). In a hierarchical event analysis of all-cause death as the outcome with highest priority and WHFHs as repeated event outcomes, the win ratio was 2.47 (CI, 1.89-3.24; P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Based on a retrospective analysis of clinical trial data with adjudicated events, baseline HF Score derived from device-monitored variables was able to stratify patients at higher long-term risk of death or WHFH.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• defibrilátory implantabilní * MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční selhání * terapie   patofyziologie   mortalita   MeSH
• technologie dálkového snímání metody   MeSH
• tepový objem fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The actions required to achieve higher-quality and harmonised global surveillance of child and adolescent movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour including screen time, sleep) are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To identify how to improve surveillance of movement behaviours, from the perspective of experts. METHODS: This Delphi Study involved 62 experts from the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years and Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA). Two survey rounds were used, with items categorised under: (1) funding, (2) capacity building, (3) methods, and (4) other issues (e.g., policymaker awareness of relevant WHO Guidelines and Strategies). Expert participants ranked 40 items on a five-point Likert scale from 'extremely' to 'not at all' important. Consensus was defined as > 70% rating of 'extremely' or 'very' important. RESULTS: We received 62 responses to round 1 of the survey and 59 to round 2. There was consensus for most items. The two highest rated round 2 items in each category were the following; for funding (1) it was greater funding for surveillance and public funding of surveillance; for capacity building (2) it was increased human capacity for surveillance (e.g. knowledge, skills) and regional or global partnerships to support national surveillance; for methods (3) it was standard protocols for surveillance measures and improved measurement method for screen time; and for other issues (4) it was greater awareness of physical activity guidelines and strategies from WHO and greater awareness of the importance of surveillance for NCD prevention. We generally found no significant differences in priorities between low-middle-income (n = 29) and high-income countries (n = 30) or between SUNRISE (n = 20), AHKGA (n = 26) or both (n = 13) initiatives. There was a lack of agreement on using private funding for surveillance or surveillance research. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a prioritised and international consensus list of actions required to improve surveillance of movement behaviours in children and adolescents globally.

• MeSH
• budování kapacit MeSH
• čas strávený před obrazovkou * MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• delfská metoda * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• spánek MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Contemporary situation: The priority of nursing care for a newborn in the delivery room is to ensure its safety, and clinical observation and instrumental monitoring can be used for this purpose. Early education in the prenatal period allows the mother and accompanying person to be involved in the safe care of the newborn. Goal: The main goal of this research was to map the nursing care of newborns in the delivery room immediately after birth, emphasising safety and preventing sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC). Methods: A semi-structured interview with nursing staff caring for newborns in delivery rooms in selected hospitals in South Bohemia (n1 = 21) was used for the qualitative research. The staff were also trained in using the RAPPT (Respiratory, Activity, Perfusion, Position and Tone) scoring system to assess the risk of SUPC and asked about the possibility of its use in practice in delivery rooms (n2 = 12). Results: Based on data analysis, we identified some key areas: Practical procedures of nursing staff in delivery rooms in SUPC prevention, Implementation of assessment tools and monitoring in SUPC prevention, Education and involvement of mothers after childbirth in the SUPC prevention system during skin-to-skin contact in the delivery room, and Possibilities of using the RAPPT scale in newborn care in the delivery room. Conclusion: The need to assess the newborn after birth using the Apgar score to ensure bonding does not correspond to the condition of the newborn. Newborns are calmer during skin-to-skin contact, and other monitoring of the child’s safe adaptation is needed.

PURPOSE: The International Study of Movement Behaviors in the Early Years (SUNRISE) was conducted in Tunisia to assess the proportion of preschoolers who met the World Health Organization guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. The study also evaluated the feasibility of the methods for the SUNRISE study. METHODS: Five kindergartens were recruited from urban and rural areas in Tunisia. Physical activity and sleep duration were assessed using a waist-worn ActiGraph. Screen time and sleep quality were assessed via an interview-administered parent questionnaire. The NIH Toolbox was used. RESULTS: A total of 112 preschoolers were assessed (50 boys, age = 4.1 [0.58]). Only 18% of children met all recommendations of the World Health Organization guidelines, while 53% met the sedentary screen time (in minutes per day), and 41% met physical activity recommendation (in minutes per day). Eighty-one percent of children met the sleep duration recommendation (in minutes per day). There was good compliance with the ActiGraph protocol. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study provided important insights into the feasibility of the study and the movement behaviors of Tunisian preschool children. The results suggest there is a need to promote healthy levels of physical activity and sedentary screen time in children, which should be a priority in public health initiatives, including preschool curricula, in Tunisia.

• MeSH
• aktigrafie MeSH
• čas strávený před obrazovkou MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• spánek * MeSH
• studie proveditelnosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Tunisko MeSH

Studie, která se zaměřila na proces integrace cizinců a imigrantů z rozvojových zemí v Česku. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• emigranti a imigranti MeSH
• rozvojové země MeSH
• sociální integrace MeSH
• veřejná politika MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• zapojení do společnosti MeSH
• znalosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Druhy sociální pomoci a služeb
• NLK Obory
• sociologie
• psychologie, klinická psychologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• studie

Cíl: Porovnat četnost výskytu pooperačních komplikací po operaci katarakty u současných typů akrylátových nitroočních čoček (NOČ) v souvislosti s materiálem, který je použit k výrobě implantátu, publikovanou v odborné literatuře. Metodika: Vyhledání publikací v databázi Pubmed, zveřejněných v letech 2015–2024 (včetně), bez jazykového omezení, s klíčovými slovy Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, Intraocular lens. Projití všech abstrakt a vyloučení publikací, která neodpovídají zadanému tématu. Výsledky: Celkem bylo v období posledních 10 let publikováno 220 prací splňující zadaná klíčová slova. Z toho 92 publikací se věnovalo porovnání obou typů nitroočních čoček. Jednalo se o 4 metaanalýzy, 10 review a 47 klinických studií, 21 laboratorních a experimentální prací a 10 prací jiného charakteru (editorialy, úvahy, kapitoly v učebnicích). Závěr: Současné typy měkkých akrylátových nitroočních čoček dosahují vynikajících refrakčních výsledků i vysoké subjektivní spokojenosti pacientů. To se týká čoček vyrobených jak z hydrofilního, tak hydrofobního materiálu. Hlavní nevýhodou hydrofilních implantátů je vyšší riziko opacifikace zadního pouzdra čočky, a také riziko kalení samotného implantátu. Především u pacientů, kde je předpoklad následné operace (dystrofie endotelu rohovky, sítnicové patologie), a také u pacientů s vyšším rizikem komplikací po Nd:YAG laserové kapsulotomii (myopové, pacienti s chronickými uveitidami, pacienti s glaukomem) by mělo být zvažováno přednostně použití hydrofobního materiálu.

Objective: To compare the incidence of postoperative complications after cataract surgery in current types of acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) in relation to the material used to manufacture the implant, published in the scientific literature. Methodology: Search for publications in the Pubmed database, published in 2015–2024 (inclusive), without language restrictions, featuring the keywords Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, Intraocular lens. Reviewing all abstracts and excluding publications that do not match the specified topic. Results: A total of 220 works were published in the last 10 years that met the specified keywords. Of these, 92 publications were dedicated to the comparison of both types of IOLs. These were 4 meta-analyses, 10 reviews and 47 clinical studies, 21 laboratory and experimental studies and 10 studies of a different nature (editorials, considerations, chapters in textbooks). Conclusion: Current types of soft acrylic intraocular lenses achieve excellent refractive results and high subjective patient satisfaction. This applies to lenses made of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials. The main disadvantage of hydrophilic implants is the higher risk of opacification of the posterior capsule of the lens, as well as the risk of opacification of the implant itself. Especially in patients who are expected to undergo subsequent surgery (corneal endothelial dystrophy, retinal pathology), as well as in patients with a higher risk of complications after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy (patients with myopia, chronic uveitis or glaucoma), the use of hydrophobic material should be considered as a priority.

• MeSH
• extrakce katarakty škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• implantace nitrooční čočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční čočky * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace etiologie   MeSH
• zkalení zadního pouzdra čočky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Starting point: Preventive programs for older adults should focus on promoting aging in their place of residence. A safe household without barriers is one condition for maintaining a high quality of life and supporting self-sufficiency. The occupational therapist plays a key role in evaluating the home environment and supervising follow-up interventions. Aim: This review study aims to clarify the role of occupational therapist interventions in the home environment of older adults and describe the most common and significant risks and subsequent modifications to the environment to create a safe home and prevent falls based on best practices. Methods: This is a review of published literature between 2013 and 2024 using the PRISMA methodology. The electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, and PubMed were searched. Results: Of the 198 sources, 10 studies met the analysis criteria. Risky areas in older adult homes and possible interventions to increase safety are clearly listed. The areas with the greatest security risk are the bedrooms, bathrooms with toilets, and stairs. Various obstacles, including carpets, objects placed at an inappropriate height, a low toilet, or insufficient lighting, were among the most common causes of falls. Conclusions: Studies point to the importance of promoting self-sufficiency and raising awareness regarding aging modifications to the homes of older adults.

• Klíčová slova
• domácí prostředí,
• MeSH
• bezpečnost vybavení MeSH
• bezpečnost MeSH
• ergonomie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• úrazy pádem * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH

Úvod: Autoři se zabývají historií onemocnění a úrazů karotidy a zaměřují se na historické milníky karotické endarterektomie ve světě a v Čechách. Výsledky: V první části – karotida a ischemický iktus – je zmíněn popis apoplexie Hippokratem, dále objev kolaterálního okruhu Willisem, až po trombembolickou teorii ischemického iktu v důsledku obliterace karotidy v 19. století spojenou se jmény Wirchow a Chiari. C. M. Fisher pak v 50. letech 20. století vizionářsky upozornil na možné chirurgické řešení karotické stenózy v prevenci iktu. Ve druhé části – ligatura karotidy – jsou zmíněna ošetření poranění tepny počínaje A. Parém v roce 1552 až po ligaturu extrakraniální karotidy pro intrakraniální aneuryzma V. Horsleym v roce 1885. Ve třetí části je popsána historie rekonstrukční karotické chirurgie, zejména karotické endarterektomie ve světě, s uvedením priorit Carrey, Eastcotta a DeBakeyho na počátku 50. let. V Čechách náleží priorita Lhotkovi, který publikoval výsledky v roce 1962. Závěr: Autoři shrnují historii onemocnění karotid a zejména karotické endarektomie ve světě a v Čechách.

Introduction: The authors discuss the history of carotid disease and injuries and focus on historical milestones of carotid endarterectomy worldwide and in Bohemia. Results: The first part discusses the carotid artery and ischemic stroke, beginning with Hippocrates’ description of apoplexy. It then highlights Willis’s discovery of the collateral circulation, followed by the 19th-century thromboembolic theory of ischemic stroke caused by carotid artery occlusion, which is associated with the work of Wirchow and Chiari. Then, in the 1950s, C. M. Fisher visionarily pointed out the possible surgical management of carotid stenosis in the prevention of stroke. In the second part, carotid ligature, treatments for arterial injuries are mentioned, starting with A. Paré in 1552, to ligature of the extracranial carotid artery for intracranial aneurysm by V. Horsley in 1885. The third part describes the history of reconstructive carotid surgery, especially carotid endarterectomy worldwide, with the priorities of Carrea, Eastcott and DeBakey in the early 1950s. The priority in Bohemia belongs to Jaroslav Lhotka, who published his results in 1962. Conclusion: The authors summarize the history of carotid disease, especially carotid endarterectomy, worldwide and in Bohemia.

• MeSH
• karotická endarterektomie dějiny   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci arterie carotis * chirurgie   dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• estetika stomatologická MeSH
• implantace zubů metody   MeSH
• informovaný souhlas pacienta MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malokluze chirurgie   MeSH
• pacientova volba MeSH
• zirkonium MeSH
• zubní implantáty jednotlivých zubů * MeSH
• zubní korunky MeSH
• zubní náhrada ve spojení s implantáty metody   MeSH
• zubní protéza - design metody   MeSH
• zubní protéza - oprava * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH