Randomized
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Monograph series of the European Organisation for Research on Treatment of Cancer ; Vol. 15
701 s. : il.
- MeSH
- cerebrovaskulární poruchy patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- terapie metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Pediatrics, ISSN 0031-4005 vol. 122, suppl. 5, December 2008
231-250 s. : il., tab. ; 28 cm
British journal of urology, ISSN 1465-5101 vol. 92, suppl. 2, December 2003
123 s. : tab., grafy ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- biopsie metody MeSH
- epidemiologické studie MeSH
- nádory prostaty MeSH
- plošný screening MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- Publikační typ
- souborné dílo MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- onkologie
- urologie
- nefrologie
28 s.
- MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza MeSH
- léčivé rostliny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory jater prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
In clinical practice, there is considerable variation in the timing of the initiation of maintenance dialysis for patients with stage V chronic kidney disease, with a worldwide trend toward early initiation. In this study, conducted at 32 centers in Australia and New Zealand, we examined whether the timing of the initiation of maintenance dialysis influenced survival among patients with chronic kidney disease. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients 18 years of age or older with progressive chronic kidney disease and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 10.0 and 15.0 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area (calculated with the use of the Cockcroft-Gault equation) to planned initiation of dialysis when the estimated GFR was 10.0 to 14.0 ml per minute (early start) or when the estimated GFR was 5.0 to 7.0 ml per minute (late start). The primary outcome was death from any cause. RESULTS: Between July 2000 and November 2008, a total of 828 adults (mean age, 60.4 years; 542 men and 286 women; 355 with diabetes) underwent randomization, with a median time to the initiation of dialysis of 1.80 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60 to 2.23) in the early-start group and 7.40 months (95% CI, 6.23 to 8.27) in the late-start group. A total of 75.9% of the patients in the late-start group initiated dialysis when the estimated GFR was above the target of 7.0 ml per minute, owing to the development of symptoms. During a median follow-up period of 3.59 years, 152 of 404 patients in the early-start group (37.6%) and 155 of 424 in the late-start group (36.6%) died (hazard ratio with early initiation, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.30; P=0.75). There was no significant difference between the groups in the frequency of adverse events (cardiovascular events, infections, or complications of dialysis). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, planned early initiation of dialysis in patients with stage V chronic kidney disease was not associated with an improvement in survival or clinical outcomes. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and others; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, 12609000266268.)
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin komplikace mortalita terapie MeSH
- dialýza ledvin metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hodnoty glomerulární filtrace MeSH
- infekce etiologie mortalita MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie mortalita MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- uremie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- MeSH
- angina pectoris farmakoterapie MeSH
- fibrinolytika terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Pradaxa,
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- benzimidazoly aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda prevence a kontrola MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prekurzory léčiv aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- pyridiny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
In 2004, Murray et al. reviewed methodological developments in the design and analysis of group-randomized trials (GRTs). We have highlighted the developments of the past 13 years in design with a companion article to focus on developments in analysis. As a pair, these articles update the 2004 review. We have discussed developments in the topics of the earlier review (e.g., clustering, matching, and individually randomized group-treatment trials) and in new topics, including constrained randomization and a range of randomized designs that are alternatives to the standard parallel-arm GRT. These include the stepped-wedge GRT, the pseudocluster randomized trial, and the network-randomized GRT, which, like the parallel-arm GRT, require clustering to be accounted for in both their design and analysis.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma metody MeSH
- shluková analýza * MeSH
- statistické modely MeSH
- velikost vzorku MeSH
- výzkumný projekt * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH