The aim of this 17-year Cracow (Poland) study was to examine and identify the determinants most responsible for the relationship between self-rated health and mortality in non-institutionalized elderly people. Base-line data were collected in a simple random sample of 2,605 Cracow residents, aged 65 years and over. The vital status of all individuals under study was established by monitoring city records. Death certificates were obtained for the deceased and coded according to the underlying cause of death. Predictors related to self-rated health, developed using the results of principal component analysis, were modelled on three indexes: individual predisposition (to disease based on family history), caring about health in the past, and attitudes toward health. Cox multivariate analysis confirmed the significant role of self-rated health in the mortality patterns of women (HR = 1.18). Those who cared greatly about health in the past had a lower mortality risk than those who cared poorly (HR = 1.19). In men, a positive attitude towards health remained an independent predictor of mortality (HR = 1.20). Multivariate regression models found self-rated health to be a significant independent predictor of mortality only in women with a low level of individual predisposition (hazard ratio for self-rated health = 1.35) and in those with a positive attitude towards health (hazard ratio for self-rated health = 1.16).
Changes in self-rated health and its determinants have been analyzed in the group of 551 community-dwelling older age citizens of Krakow during the 12-year interval observation. Multidimensional model showed that changes in self-rated health between the studies have been significantlydeterminedbysuchvariableslikeage and self-evaluation of health status in the Ist study. Self-rated health was also less markedly decreased in men, who continued professional activity in the Ist study. Among variables analyzed in the IInd study it was age-related functional disability reported by men and reported chronic conditions that deteriorated self-rated health significantly. Changes in self-rated health between the Ist and the IInd study among women were determined by the same variables as in men (except for the continuation of professional activities in the Ist study). SignificantlydiminishedscoreswerefoundinwomenwithhigherleveloffunctionalactivityintheIst study and greater independence in performing daily activities in the IInd study. Analysis of the summary effect of chronic diseases on self-rated health has shown significantlygreaterdeteriorationofself-ratedhealthbetweenthefirstandthesecondstudyrelatedtothenumberofdiseasesreportedintheIst study.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Longitudinal Studies MeSH
- Population Characteristics MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires utilization MeSH
- Self Concept MeSH
- Health Status MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Poland MeSH
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine whether psychosocial factors at work are related to self rated health in post-communist countries. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Random samples of men and women in five communities in four countries were sent a postal questionnaire (Poland, Czech Republic and Lithuania) or were invited to an interview (Hungary). Working subjects (n=3941) reported their self rated health in the past 12 months (5 point scale), their socioeconomic circumstances, perceived control over life, and the following aspects of the psychosocial work environment: job control, job demand, job variety, social support, and effort and reward at work (to calculate a ratio of effort/reward imbalance). As the results did not differ by country, pooled analyses were performed. Odds ratios of poor or very poor health ("poor health") were estimated for a 1 SD increase in the scores of work related factors. MAIN RESULTS: The overall prevalence of poor health was 6% in men and 7% in women. After controlling for age, sex and community, all work related factors were associated with poor health (p<0.05). After further adjustment for perceived control, only two work related factors remained associated with poor health; the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 1 SD increase in the effort/reward ratio (log transformed) and job variety were 1.51 (1.29, 1.78) and 0.82 (0.73, 1.00), respectively. Further adjustment for all work related factors did not change these estimates. There were no interactions between individual work related factors, but the effects of job control and social support at work differed by marital status, and the odds ratio of job demand increased with increasing education. CONCLUSIONS: The continuous measure of effort/reward imbalance at work was a powerful determinant of self rated health in these post-communist populations. Although the cross sectional design does not allow firm conclusions as to causality, this study suggests that the effect of the psychosocial work environment is not confined to Western populations.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Odds Ratio MeSH
- Attitude to Health MeSH
- Workplace psychology MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Health Status * MeSH
- Health Surveys * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Lithuania MeSH
- Hungary MeSH
- Poland MeSH
- MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neurotic Disorders classification psychology MeSH
- Motor Activity ethics physiology MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Self-Assessment MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- Health MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Comparative Study MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to examine cross-sectional time trends of life satisfaction and self-rated health in a representative sample of Czech children aged 11, 13 and 15 years using the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study data from the Czech Republic. METHODS: Data from survey years 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 was used. The sample consisted of 16,357 participants (48.5% of boys). Life satisfaction (LS) was measured by Cantril's ladder; self-rated health was measured through the simple item "Would you say your health is: excellent, good, fair, poor". RESULTS: Most of the children were satisfied with their lives in all surveyed years (mean LS scores range from 7.21 to 7.51; maximum 10). LS was consistently significantly associated (p<0.001) with age and gender. Overall, children and adolescents in the Czech Republic also reported good health. In total, 87.6% of respondents from all samples reported their health as excellent or good. Gender was found to be significantly associated with self-rated health (p<0.05) in all surveyed years. CONCLUSIONS: No permanent trends in both followed indicators have been seen in the examined period.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Longitudinal Studies MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Personal Satisfaction * MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Health Behavior * MeSH
- Health Status * MeSH
- Health Surveys * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Determinants of health in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have been discussed primarily in relation to the transition of the 1990's and early 2000's, citing lifestyles as the main culprit. This paper tries to draw a bigger picture of the health determinants in CEE in the first decade of the 21st century. To do so, the two main analytical approaches to health are united in one setting. One of them is based on the definition of health as a personal commodity relying mostly on micro-level subjective data. The other views health as a public commodity analysing objective societal characteristics and health care interventions with often a macro-level perspective. The current study incorporates these different approaches (subjective and objective) in a multi-level setting in CEE. METHODS: The analysis concentrates on health care, social, political, and economic factors as determinants of self-rated health. Multilevel analysis is carried out on a dataset of Life in Transition Survey (LiTS), conducted in 2006 and 2010, pooled cross-sectional data on 46,546 individuals in 27 CEE states. They are accompanied by macro-level data. RESULTS: The findings demonstrate that a complex mix of determinants influences subjective health in CEE. There are clear differences in the way objective and subjective indicators influence self-rated health. While societal economic prosperity does not influence health, there are strong country-specific differences in the effect of individual prosperity on health. CONCLUSIONS: The study adds to the recent literature on health in CEE by introducing an encompassing systematic approach to analysing health, as no leading cause for self-rated health variation was found. This paper also contributes to research on the determinants of health by fusing objective and subjective determinants in a hierarchical setting. Both subjective and objective determinants matter for health.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Delivery of Health Care * MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Social Determinants of Health * MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- Multilevel Analysis MeSH
- Health Status * MeSH
- Self Report MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
- Europe, Eastern MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associationOf age andOther factors with self-rated health (SRH) in the population aged 65 yearsOr more in the contextOf action for health promotion inOlder adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data used come from the household and adults questionnairesOf the National Health SurveyOf Spain for 2006. SRH was categorized as positive (very positiveOr positive) and negative (fair, poorOr very poor).Odds ratios for positive SRH compared to negative SRH were calculated using logistic regression models for complex samples. The determinantsOf the Positive SRH wereObtained for the elderly population. RESULTS: Among the population aged 65 years andOlder 39.7% report positive SRH. In this age group, thoseOf 83Or more years have a better SRH.Other factors specific to this age group that improve the SRH are living alone, not having any functional dependence and high monthly family income. CONCLUSIONS: The association between several factors (particularly age) and positive SHR in people aged 65 andOlder differs from theOne found in the restOf the population. Understanding the factors positively associated with the positive SRH in this population isOf great importance for the designOf specific programmes aimed at improving the healthOfOlder people.
- MeSH
- Chronic Disease epidemiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Sex Factors MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Health Behavior MeSH
- Health Status MeSH
- Health Surveys MeSH
- Health Services utilization MeSH
- Self Report MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Spain MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The poor health of Roma is well documented, but there is only limited data regarding the health of Roma children. The aim of this study was to describe the socioeconomic status, health related behaviour, and health of children living in segregated Roma settlements, and to compare the data with that of non-Roma children. METHODS: In March-April of 2011, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among 11-year-old (211 boys and 252 girls) and 13-year-old (205 boys and 247 girls) children living in Roma settlements was performed (response rate: 91.5%). These data were compared with data from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey carried out in 2009/2010. RESULTS: The parents of Roma children were substantially less educated and less likely to be actively employed, and Roma children reported lower material welfare than non-Roma ones. The prevalence of consuming sweets and soft drinks at least 5 times per week was 1.5-2 times higher among Roma children. The prevalence of regular intense physical activity was higher at the age of 13 years among Roma boys, while physical inactivity was substantially higher in both age groups among Roma girls. Almost one quarter of Roma children and approximately 14% of non-Roma children had tried smoking at the age of 11. More Roma boys tried alcohol at the age of 11 than non-Roma ones. One in ten Roma children was obese in both age groups. The self-rated health status of Roma children was worse than that of non-Roma children. CONCLUSIONS: Children living in Roma settlements reported poorer socioeconomic conditions, higher consumption of sweets and soft drinks, earlier smoking and alcohol initiation, and worse self-rated health, but with some exceptions do not differ in fruit or vegetable consumption and BMI from general child population. To promote health of children living in Roma settlements, a multi-sector approach, special health education, plus social and health promotion programmes are needed.
- MeSH
- Residence Characteristics statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Smoking epidemiology ethnology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Alcohol Drinking epidemiology ethnology MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Roma ethnology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- Social Class MeSH
- Health Behavior ethnology MeSH
- Health Status * MeSH
- Health Surveys methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Hungary MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of our research was to investigate the self-rated health status, health behaviour and hygiene habits of pregnant women, and to explore the influencing factors during the pandemic. METHODS: The sample included 1,200 pregnant women who gave birth in the most progressive institutions of the three examined counties in Hungary; 839 questionnaires were returned, based on which the willingness to answer can be said to be 69.9%. After data cleaning, 640 questionnaires were added to the database. Descriptive statistical analyses and correlation tests were performed, during which we used the Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Socio-demographic factors show a significant correlation with the perceived state of health and the degree of responsibility for health, however, the existence of a chronic disease does not affect either the self-assessed state of health or hygienic behaviour. Factors influencing hygienic behaviour include residence, education, assessed income, and gestational age. We found no correlation between health status and hygienic attitude. CONCLUSIONS: Our results draw attention to the fact that among pregnant women - especially pregnant women with low socioeconomic status - education about hygiene habits is of particular importance. Teamwork is needed in this area, which should start during the period of preparation for pregnancy, but at the latest in the early stages of pregnancy.
Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the sociodemographic factors and the utilization of preventive healthcare services associated with self-rated health status among adults and the elderly in Turkiye. Methods: We performed statistical tests to evaluate differences in the frequency of preventive health service use, based on perceived health status across various age groups. We utilized multi-level probit regression models to scrutinize the self-rated health status, considering factors associated with sociodemographic variables and the receipt of preventive healthcare among adult groups and the elderly using the Turkiye Health Survey (HS) Micro Dataset (2022). Results: This study highlights a clear and positive association between self-rated health status and preventive health services, particularly in consultations with general practitioners, blood pressure measurements, and blood sugar tests. Notably, regular utilization of these services within the past year positively influences health status. This relationship is more pronounced with age, especially among young and middle-aged adults. Typically, tobacco and alcohol use have a negative impact on health for each age group, while education level has a positive effect. Additionally, affordability constraints on accessing healthcare services and medication have a clear negative impact. Conclusion: Subsidizing primary healthcare, screenings, and expanding healthcare services are essential for effective health policy implementation. Policies should focus on subsidizing primary care and screenings to encourage regular check-ups, considering both age and gender.
- MeSH
- Diagnostic Self Evaluation * MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Preventive Health Services * methods MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- Health Policy MeSH
- Health Status MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Clinical Study MeSH
- Geographicals
- Turkey MeSH
