Levandule jako rostlina a levandulová silice mají široké spektrum biologických účinků, levandule se v kosmetice a léčivých přípravcích využívá již od dob starého Řecka a Říma. V dnešní době se na trhu vyskytuje nepřeberná škála produktů obsahujících levanduli, ať už jako takovou (levandulový čaj nebo sušenky či jiné pochutiny s květy levandule), případně obsahující levandulovou silici či vodné extrakty levandule (kosmetika, drogerie, potraviny či farmaceutické přípravky). Tato práce se zaměřuje na zjištění obsahu silice, zastoupení těkavých látek a stanovení celkových fenolů a flavonoidů u vzorků levandule lékařské z Levandulového údolí a porovnání výsledků se složením levandulových květů prodávaných jako bylinné čaje v tržní síti České republiky.

Lavender as a herb and the lavender essential oil have a wide range of biological effects. They have been used in cosmetics and medicinal products since the times of ancient Greece and Rome. Nowadays, there is a wide range of products containing lavender on the market, either as such (lavender tea or biscuits or other snacks with lavender flowers) or containing lavender essential oil or aqueous solutions of lavender (cosmetics, drugstore goods, food or pharmaceutical preparations). This work focuses on the determination of the essential oil content, the representation of volatile substances and the determination of total phenols and flavonoids in samples of medicinal lavender from the Levandulové údolí and bought in the Czech shops.

• MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• flavonoidy analýza   MeSH
• levandule * chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oleje prchavé analýza   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Herein, an advanced bioconjugation technique to synthesize hybrid polymer-antibody nanoprobes tailored for fluorescent cell barcoding in flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping of leukocytes is applied. A novel approach of attachment combining two fluorescent dyes on the copolymer precursor and its conjugation to antibody is employed to synthesize barcoded nanoprobes of antibody polymer dyes allowing up to six nanoprobes to be resolved in two-dimensional cytometry analysis. The major advantage of these nanoprobes is the construct design in which the selected antibody is labeled with an advanced copolymer bearing two types of fluorophores in different molar ratios. The cells after antibody recognition and binding to the target antigen have a characteristic double fluorescence signal for each nanoprobe providing a unique position on the dot plot, thus allowing antibody-based barcoding of cellular samples in flow cytometry assays. This technique is valuable for cellular assays that require low intersample variability and is demonstrated by the live cell barcoding of clinical samples with B cell abnormalities. In total, the samples from six various donors were successfully barcoded using only two detection channels. This barcoding of clinical samples enables sample preparation and measurement in a single tube.

• MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva * chemie   MeSH
• imunofenotypizace MeSH
• polymery MeSH
• protilátky * MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: A novel supported liquid extraction approach using small polymeric nanofibrous discs was demonstrated and applied to the analysis of real river water. Nanofibrous discs were tested to extract model mixture of 9 common water contaminants 4-nitrophenol, various chlorophenols, bisphenol A, permethrin, and fenoxycarb featuring a wide range of log P values (1.9-6.5). Polyacrylonitrile, polyhydroxybutyrate, and polylactic acid nanofibers were selected as adsorptive materials. One-step desorption was performed directly in HPLC vials, to avoid time-consuming evaporation and reconstitution steps. The discs were allowed to sediment to the bottom of the vial before injection into the chromatographic system. RESULTS: Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency including 1-octanol volume, extraction time, ionic strength, and sample volume were investigated and optimized. Wetting the nanofiber discs with 1-octanol resulted in up to 20-fold increase in enrichment factor when compared to non-wetted polymer counterparts. The highest enrichment factors were observed for analytes with a log P range of 3.3-4.5. Our developed method showed good linearity in the range 20-200 μg/L for all analytes tested. Satisfactory repeatability with RSD <13 % were achieved covering all steps including disc preparation, wetting, extraction/elution, and chromatography analysis, and recoveries ranged from 58.93 to 121.43 %. SIGNIFICANCE: This work represents novel simple supported liquid extraction approach using impregnated polymer nanofiber discs. Using only 50 μL 1-octanol, we reduced the organic solvent compared to other extraction methods. There was no need for any plastic cartridge to hold the sorbent and direct in-vial desorption reduced the unnecessary, time-consuming steps and simplified the sample preparation protocol.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The approaches to matrix effects determination and reduction in ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection have been evaluated in this study using different sample preparation methods and investigation of different calibration models. Five sample preparation methods, including protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, supported liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction based on both "bind and elute" and "interferent removal" modes, were optimized with an emphasis on the matrix effects and recovery of 8 forms of vitamin E, including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols and tocotrienols, from plasma. The matrix effect evaluation included the use and comparison of external and internal calibration using three models, i.e., least square with no transformation and no weighting (1/x0), with 1/x2 weighting, and with logarithmic transformation. The calibration model with logarithmic transformation provided the lowest %-errors and the best fits. Moreover, the type of the calibration model significantly affected not only the fit of the data but also the matrix effects when evaluating them based on the comparison of calibration curve slopes. Indeed, based on the used calibration model, the matrix effects calculated from calibration slopes ranged from +92% to - 72% for α-tocopherol and from -77% to +19% in the case of δ-tocotrienol. Thus, it was crucial to calculate the matrix effect by Matuszewski's post-extraction approach at six concentration levels. Indeed, a strong concentration dependence was observed for all optimized sample preparation methods, even if the stable isotopically labelled internal standards (SIL-IS) were used for compensation. The significant differences between individual concentration levels and compounds were observed, even when the tested calibration range covered only one order of magnitude. In methods with wider calibration ranges, the inappropriate use of calibration slope comparison instead of the post-extraction addition approach could result in false negative results of matrix effects. In the selected example of vitamin E, solid-phase extraction was the least affected by matrix effects when used in interferent removal mode, but supported liquid extraction resulted in the highest recoveries. We showed that the calibration model, the use of a SIL-IS, and the analyte concentration level played a crucial role in the matrix effects. Moreover, the matrix effects can significantly differ for compounds with similar physicochemical properties and close retention times. Thus, in all bioanalytical applications, where different analytes are typically determined in one analytical run, it is necessary to carefully select the data processing in addition to the method for the sample preparation, SIL-IS, and chromatography.

• MeSH
• extrakce na pevné fázi metody   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie * metody   MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• superkritická fluidní chromatografie * metody   MeSH
• vitamin E * krev   analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Východisko: Výzkum byl zaměřen na identifikaci postojů občanů ČR k některým aspektům činnosti praktických lékařů. Publikace navazuje na a předchozí výstupy z let 2015–2022 a v roce 2023 byla zaměřena zejména na vybrané otázky z IT problematiky. Cíl a metody: Cílem bylo zjistit, jak občané hodnotí čas a péči, kterou jim praktický lékař věnuje, a jaké je jejich stanovisko k práci zdravotní sestry v ordinaci jejich praktického lékaře. V rámci výzkumu byly rovněž sledovány otázky týkající se využívání prvků umělé inteligence v práci praktického lékaře, možnosti objednání jeho pacientů k vyšetření na konkrétní dobu, a pokud ano, zda tak lze učinit nějakým elektronickým systémem. Zjišťováno bylo rovněž, zda praktický lékař používá elektronickou, nebo papírovou dokumentaci a v kolika procentech by maximálně měl dle mínění občanů praktický lékař ordinovat „na dálku“ (tzv. telemedicína). Otázky byly rovněž zaměřeny na to, zda by měl mít praktický lékař přístup k výsledkům pacienta či zprávám z nemocnice, kdykoliv to potřebuje, prostřednictvím elektronického úložiště, který lékař by měl mít automaticky přístup ke zdravotním informacím respondenta a zda se občané domnívají, že jejich zdravotní data jsou dobře zabezpečena. Dotazovaný soubor je reprezentativním vzorkem populace České republiky ve věku 15 a více let. Statistické zpracování dat bylo provedeno programem SASD 1.5.8. (Statistická analýza sociálních dat). Zpracován byl 1. stupeň třídění a kontingenční tabulky vybraných ukazatelů 2. stupně třídění. Míra závislosti vybraných znaků byla stanovena na základě χ2 testu nezávislosti a dalších testovacích kritérií aplikovaných dle charakteru rozdělení znaků. Na základě této analýzy byla provedena interpretace dat a zpracovány příslušné tabulky a grafy. Výsledky: Občané ČR jsou ve většině případů (94 %) s péčí a časem, který jim věnuje v průběhu jejich návštěvy praktický lékař, spokojeni, negativní stanovisko zaujímá jen malá část (6,0 %) z nich. Největší spokojenost s péčí praktického lékaře a časem, který jim věnuje, se vrátila na úroveň let 2018–2020, tj. na úroveň před pandemií COVID-19. Největší část občanů ČR (37,0 %) by v současné době byla proti tomu, aby jejich praktický lékař využíval ve své práci prvky umělé inteligence. Souhlasné stanovisko vyjádřilo jen 29,2 % dotázaných. Celkem 70,7 % občanů má již možnost v případě potřeby se ke svému praktickému lékaři objednat na konkrétní dobu prostřednictvím nějakého elektronického systému. Též 55,1 % občanů připouští nějaký rozsah ordinování jejich praktického lékaře „na dálku“ (telemedicína). Jednoznačně platí, že občané ČR cca v 70 % souhlasí s tím, aby měl jejich praktický lékař kdykoliv přístup k jejich zdravotním datům, a 39,8 % se domnívá, že jejich zdravotní data jsou dobře zabezpečena zejména u praktického lékaře.

Background: The research was aimed at identifying the attitudes of Czech citizens towards certain aspects of the activities of general practitioners. The publication builds on previous outputs from 2015–2022 and in 2023 it focused mainly on selected issues from the sphere of IT. Aim and methods: The aim was to determine how citizens evaluated the time and care provided by their general practitioner and what they thought of the nurse’s work in their GP’s office. The research also investigated questions concerning the use of artificial intelligence elements in the GP’s work, the option of making appointments for patients to be seen at specific times, and, if so, whether an electronic system could do this. It also investigated whether the GP used electronic or paper documentation and what maximum percentage of "remote" practice (telemedicine) should be conducted by the GP, in the citizens’ opinion. Questions also focused on whether a GP should be able to access patient results or hospital reports whenever he or she needed to do so via an e-repository, which doctors should automatically have access to the respondent’s health information, and whether citizens believed that their health data were well secured. The survey respondents are a representative sample of the population of the Czech Republic aged 15 and over. The statistical data processing was performed with the SASD 1.5.8 (Statistical Analysis of Social Data) programme. The first classification level and the contingency tables of selected indicators of the second classification level were prepared. The degree of dependence of the selected traits was determined based on the χ2 test of independence and other test criteria, applied according to the nature of the distribution of traits. Based on this analysis, the data were interpreted, and the corresponding tables and graphs were prepared. Results: Czech citizens are mostly (94%) satisfied with the care and time provided to them during their visit by a general practitioner; only a small proportion (6.0%) of them have a negative opinion. The highest satisfaction with the care and time given by their GP has returned to 2018–2020 levels, i.e. to pre-Covid-19 pandemic levels. The largest proportion of Czech citizens (37.0%) would currently be against their GP using AI elements in their work. Only 29.2% of the respondents expressed a favourable opinion. A total of 70.7% of citizens are already able to make an appointment with their GP for a specific time via an electronic system if necessary. Also, 55.1% of citizens admit to some extent of their GP’s practice being conducted "remotely" (telemedicine). Clearly, approximately 70% of Czech citizens agree that their GP should have access to their health data at any time and 39.8% believe that their health data are well secured, especially by their GP.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• praktičtí lékaři MeSH
• primární zdravotní péče * MeSH
• sběr dat MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů * MeSH
• umělá inteligence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• grafy a diagramy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

As organoids and organ-on-chip (OoC) systems move toward preclinical and clinical applications, there is an increased need for method validation. Using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach, we developed a method for measuring small-molecule drugs and metabolites in the cell medium directly sampled from liver organoids/OoC systems. The LC-MS setup was coupled to an automatic filtration and filter flush system with online solid-phase extraction (SPE), allowing for robust and automated sample cleanup/analysis. For the matrix, rich in, e.g., protein, salts, and amino acids, no preinjection sample preparation steps (protein precipitation, SPE, etc.) were necessary. The approach was demonstrated with tolbutamide and its liver metabolite, 4-hydroxytolbutamide (4HT). The method was validated for analysis of cell media of human stem cell-derived liver organoids cultured in static conditions and on a microfluidic platform according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines with regards to selectivity, matrix effects, accuracy, precision, etc. The system allows for hundreds of injections without replacing chromatography hardware. In summary, drug/metabolite analysis of organoids/OoCs can be performed robustly with minimal sample preparation.

• MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová metody   MeSH
• extrakce na pevné fázi MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• játra * metabolismus   MeSH
• kapalinová chromatografie-hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• knihovny malých molekul analýza   metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• laboratoř na čipu MeSH
• léčivé přípravky metabolismus   analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• organoidy * metabolismus   cytologie   MeSH
• tolbutamid metabolismus   analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

Lately, the need for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has been recognized in order to closely mimic the organization of native tissues. Thus, 3D scaffolds started to be employed to facilitate the 3D cell organization and enable the artificial tissue formation for the emerging tissue engineering applications. 3D scaffolds can be prepared by various techniques, each with certain advantages and disadvantages. Decellularization is an easy method based on removal of cells from native tissue sample, yielding extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold with preserved architecture and bioactivity. This chapter provides a detailed protocol for decellularization of pig lung and also some basic assays for evaluation of its effectivity, such as determination of DNA content and histological verification of the selected ECM components. Such decellularized scaffold can subsequently be used for various tissue engineering applications, for example, for recellularization with cells of interest, for natural ECM hydrogel preparation, or as a bioink for 3D bioprinting.

• MeSH
• extracelulární matrix MeSH
• hydrogely MeSH
• plíce * MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství * metody   MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Forty different sample preparation methods were tested to obtain the most informative MALDI-TOF MS protein profiles of pork meat. Extraction by 25% formic acid with the assistance of zirconia-silica beads followed by defatting by methanol:chloroform mixture (1:1, v/v) and deposition by using the layer-by-layer method was determined as the optimum sample preparation protocol. The discriminatory power of the method was then examined on samples of pork meat and meat products. The method was able to discriminate between selected salami based on the production method and brand and was able to monitor the ripening process in salami. However, it was not able to differentiate between different brands of pork ham or closely located parts of pork meat. In the latter case, a more comprehensive analysis using LC-MS/MS was used to assess the differences in protein abundance and their relation to the outputs of MALDI - TOF MS profiling.

• MeSH
• diskriminační analýza MeSH
• masné výrobky * analýza   MeSH
• maso analýza   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice * metody   MeSH
• vepřové maso analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH

Úvod: Adekvátní substituční léčba hemofilie zahrnuje monitorování aktivity FVIII (FVIII: C), které lze provádět buď jednofázovou koagulační metodou (one-stage clotting assay – OSA), nebo metodou s chromogenními substráty (chromogenic substrate assay – CSA). S příchodem koncentrátů FVIII s prodlouženým biologickým poločasem se však prohlubuje problém diskrepancí mezi metodami z důvodu úpravy molekuly FVIII. Cíl: Hodnocení míry diskrepance výsledků FVIII: C OSA a CSA u pacientů léčených koncentráty FVIII s prodlouženým poločasem. Metody: Stanovení FVIII: C ve vzorcích pacientů léčených koncentráty efmoroctocog alfa, rurioctocog alfa pegol, turoctocog alfa pegol a damoctocog alfa pegol pomocí OSA s reagenciemi Cephascreen® (Diagnostica Stago) a Pathromtin® SL (Siemens Healthineers) a CSA BIOPHENTM FVIII: C (Hyphen BioMed). Výsledky: Výsledky obou metod dobře korelovaly u efmoroctocog alfa, rozdíly byly do 21 %. U rurioctocog alfa pegol byla FVIII: C v rozsahu cca 15–200 % metodou OSA s oběma reagenciemi lehce nižší (průměrně o 11, resp. o 18 %), zatímco výsledky FVIII: C < 10 % byly naopak dle OSA vyšší v průměru o 54 % s Cephascreen® a až o 75 % s Pathromtin® SL. Výsledky turoctocog alfa pegol byly metodou OSA nižší než CSA, pro rozsah 15–200 % průměrně o 36, resp. 25 %, přičemž pro nižší hladiny FVIII: C byly nejednoznačné, s odchýlením oběma směry. Výsledky damoctocog alfa pegol byly metodou OSA jen mírně vyšší (Cephascreen® průměrně o 18 %) pro hladiny FVIII: C > 10 %, ale výrazně vyšší než CSA u FVIII: C < 10 % (průměrně o 91 % s reagencií Cephascreen® a o 100 % u Pathromtin® SL). Závěr: Na základě našeho pozorování výsledky FVIII: C metodou OSA excelentně korelují s reagenciemi Cephascreen® a Pathromtin® SL s CSA Hyphen u pacientů léčených koncentrátem efmoroctocog alfa. Z ostatních koncentrátů korelují excelentně pouze výsledky rurioctocog alfa pegol (jen Cephascreen®) a damoctocog alfa pegol, a to pouze FVIII: C > 10 %.

Introduction: Optimal substitutional treatment includes measuring FVIII activity (FVIII: C) using the one-stage clotting assay (OSA) or chromogenic substrate assay (CSA). However, with the advent of FVIII concentrates with an extended half-life, discrepancies between methods have increased due to modifications of the FVIII molecule. Aim: Evaluation of OSA and CSA discrepancy in patients treated with extended half--life FVIII concentrates. Method: FVIII: C measurement by OSA with reagents Cephascreen® (Diagnostica Stago) and Pathromtin® SL (Siemens Healthineers) and by CSA BIOPHENTM FVIII: C (Hyphen BioMed) in patients treated with efmoroctocog alfa, rurioctocog alfa pegol, turoctocog alfa pegol and damoctocog alfa pegol. Results: The results of both methods correlated well for efmoroctocog alfa, the differences being up to 21%. The results of rurioctocog alfa pegol in the range of 15–200% were slightly lower using OSA with both reagents, on average by 11% and 18%, while the results up to 10% were higher using OSA with an average difference of 54% for Cephascreen® and up to 75% for Pathromtin® SL. The results of turoctocog alfa pegol were lower using OSA in the range of 15–200%, on average by 36% and 25%. The samples with FVIII: C above 10% of damoctocog alfa pegol were slightly higher using OSA (Cephascreen® by 18%), but samples up to 10% were significantly higher, with Cephascreen® on average by 91% and by 100% with Pathromtin® SL. Conclusions: OSA Cephascreen® or Pathromtin® SL and CSA Hyphen correlate excellently in the case of efmoroctocog alfa. Of the other concentrates, the results correlate excellently in the case of rurioctocog alfa pegol (only Cephascreen®) and damoctocog alfa pegol, and only for FVIII: C > 10%.

• MeSH
• chromogenní sloučeniny analýza   MeSH
• faktor VIII * analýza   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hemofilie A farmakoterapie   MeSH
• léky s prodlouženým účinkem farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování léčiv * metody   MeSH
• vyšetření krevní srážlivosti metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Edibles are the only source of nutrients and energy for humans. However, ingredients of edibles have undergone many physicochemical changes during preparation and storage. Aging, hydrolysis, oxidation, and rancidity are some of the major changes that not only change the native flavor, texture, and taste of food but also destroy the nutritive value and jeopardize public health. The major reasons for the production of harmful metabolites, chemicals, and toxins are poor processing, inappropriate storage, and microbial spoilage, which are lethal to consumers. In addition, the emergence of new pollutants has intensified the need for advanced and rapid food analysis techniques to detect such toxins. The issue with the detection of toxins in food samples is the nonvolatile nature and absence of detectable chromophores; hence, normal conventional techniques need additional derivatization. Mass spectrometry (MS) offers high sensitivity, selectivity, and capability to handle complex mixtures, making it an ideal analytical technique for the identification and quantification of food toxins. Recent technological advancements, such as high-resolution MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), have significantly improved sensitivity, enabling the detection of food toxins at ultralow levels. Moreover, the emergence of ambient ionization techniques has facilitated rapid in situ analysis of samples with lower time and resources. Despite numerous advantages, the widespread adoption of MS in routine food safety monitoring faces certain challenges such as instrument cost, complexity, data analysis, and standardization of methods. Nevertheless, the continuous advancements in MS-technology and its integration with complementary techniques hold promising prospects for revolutionizing food safety monitoring. This review discusses the application of MS in detecting various food toxins including mycotoxins, marine biotoxins, and plant-derived toxins. It also explores the implementation of untargeted approaches, such as metabolomics and proteomics, for the discovery of novel and emerging food toxins, enhancing our understanding of potential hazards in the food supply chain.

• MeSH
• analýza potravin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mořské toxiny MeSH
• mykotoxiny * MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH