Rutinní využití molekulárně biologických technik v mikrobiologické diagnostice vyžaduje zvýšenou pozornost kontroly kvality prováděných metod. Kontrola kvality molekulárně biologických metod se skládá z vnitřní kontroly kvality – VKK (pozitivní, negativní a inhibiční kontrola) a externí hodnocení kvality – EHK. Pro externí kontrolu patogenů lze využít program QCMD – Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics, nebo mezilaboratorní kontrolní cykly organizované anglickou společností UK NEQAS.

Routine applications of molecular biological techniques in microbiological diagnostics require an increased attention to the quality control of carried out these methods. The quality control of these methods consists of the internal control (positive and negative controls and control of inhibition of PCR) and external control. Program QCMD (Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics) or interlaboratory control cycles organized by UK NEQAS can be used for the external control of pathogens.

• MeSH
• interní-externí kontrola metody   MeSH
• laboratoře MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiologické techniky metody   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• řízení kvality metody   MeSH
• techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hyperkinetická porucha patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• výkonnost MeSH
• zrak MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Background: Research has demonstrated the advantages of an external relative to internal focus of attention for enhancing motor performance and learning across diverse tasks, contexts and populations. However, research has yet to examine whether this finding holds true for individuals who have a major visual impairment in discrete and locomotion-based continuous motor tasks.Methods: In experiment 1, twenty-four visually impaired participants were asked to kick a soccer ball with their dominant foot to a target 7 meters away. Participants performed 10 trials within an internal focus (concentration on inside of the foot), external focus (concentration on the ball), and control (no focus instructions) conditions, in a counterbalanced order. In experiment 2, thirty-nine visually impaired adults were asked to ride a rehabilitation Pedalo for a distance of 7 meters. Participants were randomly assigned to either an internal focus (focus on the feet), external focus (focus on the platform), or control (no focus instructions) group. Retention and transfer tests were conducted on day 2.Results: An external focus resulted in more accurate kicks and faster pedalo movement times compared to an internal focus.Conclusions: These findings indicate that visual information does not mediate external focus benefits for motor performance and learning.Implications for RehabilitationPractitioners should use instructions that encourage visually impaired individuals who are going through rehabilitation to adopt an appropriate focus of attention for enhancing motor performance and learning of discrete or locomotion-based motor skills.Instructions that foster an external focus, relative to an internal focus, enhances performance of both discrete and continuous motor skills in individuals with visual impairment.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti MeSH
• pohyb MeSH
• pozornost * MeSH
• učení * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Non-contact injuries are highly prevalent among young athletes and occur particularly in situations that require fast decision making and divided attention. Administering relevant neurocognitive tests could help identify deficiencies in these cognitive abilities and thus potentially mitigate injury risk. However, processes such as selective attention and response inhibition might depend to some extent on the athlete's maturation stage. We aimed to examine the effect of maturation on selective visual attention and response inhibition among adolescent volleyball players. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 52 female adolescents (age 12.3 ± 2.1 years) performed an Eriksen Flankers task. Participants were divided into subgroups based on their estimated adult stature, using the Khamis & Roche method: Pre-pubertal (PRE; n = 13, age: 9.9 ± 1.3), early-puberty (EPUB; n = 7, age: 10.5 ± 0.6), mid-puberty (MPUB; n = 8, age: 12.6 ± 0.8) and late puberty (LPUB; n = 24, age: 14.1 ± 0.9). Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed on congruent and incongruent reaction times (RT), with corresponding success rates (% correct responses) as covariate. Flanker interference effect was tested using ANOVA. Correlations were further examined between the dependent variables and participants' chronological age. RESULTS: There was a significant group effect, with PRE demonstrating longer RT compared with LPUB (P < 0.001) for both congruent and incongruent RT. Moderate negative correlations were observed between age and RT (Rp = -0.695, Rp = -0.614 for congruent and incongruent RT, respectively) and low positive correlations between age and incongruent success rate (Rs = 0.318). Low to moderate correlations were also observed within the LPUB group for RT (Rp = -0.431--0.532) and success rate (negative Rs = -574 for congruent and positive Rs = 0.417 for incongruent). There were no group differences nor age associations with interference effect. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that information processing and selective visual attention are superior at late maturation compared with early maturation among female adolescents. The same cannot be said for response inhibition, which did not differ between maturation groups. Similar tendencies were observed with regards to chronological age, but not entirely explained by it. Maturation level, rather than chronological age, should guide practitioners during sport participation and injury prevention programs for young athletes, whose neurocognitive abilities are not yet fully developed, placing them at risk for non-contact injuries.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Maternal immune activation has been identified as a significant risk factor for schizophrenia. Using rodent models, past work has demonstrated various behavioral and brain impairments in offspring after immune-activating events. We applied 5 mg/kg of poly(I:C) on gestation day 9 to pregnant mouse dams, whose offspring were then stressed during puberty. We show impairments in attentional set-shifting in a T-maze, and a decreased number of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the hippocampus as a result of peripubertal stress specifically in females.

• MeSH
• chování zvířat fyziologie   MeSH
• exekutivní funkce fyziologie   MeSH
• hipokampus cytologie   MeSH
• infekční komplikace v těhotenství * chemicky indukované   imunologie   MeSH
• interneurony cytologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce etiologie   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• poly I-C aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• pozornost fyziologie   MeSH
• psychický stres komplikace   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• schizofrenie etiologie   imunologie   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice chemicky indukované   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: The capacity to focus and concentrate or to direct attention supports many aspects of cognitive functioning including short-term memory and higher-level cognitive functions. The purpose was to assess attentional networks in euthymic patients with unipolar depression using the Attentional Network Test (ANT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated performance of attention by virtue of ANT during remission from unipolar depressive disorder and tested a hypothesis that there are no differences between outpatient group (euthymic patients, N=32) and matched controls in attentional variables, the relationship of attentional networks and everyday cognitive failures. RESULTS: No differences between the groups in attentional networks were found and no relationship between attentional networks and cognitive failures was found. LIMITATIONS: One assessment during remission could be insufficient to recognize long-term pattern of cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS: These data show non-impaired attentional networks possibly explained by sufficient level of remission and ameliorated influence of high education on cognition.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• depresivní poruchy diagnóza   psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• pacienti ambulantní MeSH
• pozornost MeSH
• psychiatrické posuzovací škály MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• rozpoznávání obrazu MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• hypertenze prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• kardiologie
• angiologie
• vnitřní lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Previous studies have supported the advantages of an external focus of attention (EFA) relative to an internal focus of attention (IFA) in healthly adults. However, effects of attentional focus instructions on skill performance and acquisition in children are equivocal. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of attentional focus instructions on performance of a whole body coordination task in children with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD). METHODS: Children with DCD (n = 18) and typically developing (TD) children (n = 21) (9-10 years) were asked to perform 3 countermovement vertical jumps in the IFA (Concentrate on the swing of your arms), EFA (Concentrate on getting as close to the ceiling as possible), and control conditions. RESULTS: The results showed that regardless of children's motor development proficiency, the jump height and vertical take-off velocity (VTO) were higher in EFA relative to both IFA and Con conditions. In addition, VTO was significantly higher in the Con relative to IFA condition. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study showed that EFA relative to IFA instructions could enhance the neuromuscular activation of dynamic contractions of the leg muscles in both children with and without DCD. The findings suggest that the beneficial effects of EFA relative to IFA instructions on children's motor performance is identical across children with different levels of motor proficiency.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti * MeSH
• poruchy motorických dovedností patofyziologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• pozornost * MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• otrava prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• toxikologická centra MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• toxikologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

• MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• senioři MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• kardiologie
• geriatrie
• angiologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO