• MeSH
• Cannabis MeSH
• evokované potenciály MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Psychiatrie
• NLK Obory
• psychiatrie
• psychologie, klinická psychologie

Cognitive reserve (CR) has been conceptualized as an individual's ability to optimize or maximize performance through differential recruitment of brain networks. As such, CR may contribute to the heterogeneity of cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia. This study aimed to assess the relationships between CR, cognition and quality of life in first-episode (FES) patients. A total of 137 patients with either ICD-10 schizophrenia or "acute and transient psychotic disorders" diagnosis, and 62 healthy controls had completed a comprehensive assessment of six cognitive domains: speed of processing, attention, working memory/flexibility, verbal memory, visual memory, and abstraction/executive functioning. CR was calculated from the participants' education, premorbid IQ, and socioeconomic status. The results suggested that in patients, CR was positively related to cognitive performance in all domains, explaining 42.6% of the variance observed in cognition overall. Effects of CR in the control group were limited to three domains: speed of processing, abstraction/executive function and working memory/flexibility. These results suggest that CR largely contributes to cognitive variations present in FES patients. In addition, CR was negatively related to the social construct of patients' quality of life, and positively to symptom severity and general functioning.

• MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• kognitivní rezerva * MeSH
• krátkodobá paměť MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• schizofrenie * komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: An association between lipid measures and cognitive decline in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been suggested. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate relationships between lipid profile and cognitive performance in a large observational cohort of MS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 211 patients with 316 available pairs of lipid and cognitive measures performed over follow-up. The time between lipid and cognitive measures did not exceed 90 days. Baseline data were analyzed by non-parametric Spearman rank correlation test. Repeated measures were analyzed using linear mixed models adjusted for sex, age, education level, disease-modifying therapy status, and depression. RESULTS: Baseline analyses showed a correlation between higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lower Categorical Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) (rho=-0.15; p = 0.04), lower Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (rho=-0.16; p = 0.02) and lower Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) scores (rho=-0.12; p = 0.04). Higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was negatively correlated with lower SDMT scores (rho=-0.16; p = 0.02) and lower Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3 (PASAT-3) scores (rho=-0.24; p = 0.03). Mixed model analyses of repeated measures showed a negative association between higher LDL-C and lower CVLT (B=-0.02; p < 0.001, Cohen ́s d = 0.08) and lower BVMT-R (B=-0.01; p = 0.03, Cohen ́s d=-0.12). Also, the negative association between HDL-C and PASAT-3 was confirmed in the mixed model analysis (B=-0.18; p = 0.01, Cohen ́s d = 0.07). Additional adjustments of the models for disability assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale or Normalized Brain Volume did not change the results of the models substantially. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a mild negative impact of dyslipidemia on cognitive performance in patients with MS. We propose that dyslipidemia contributes, at least in part, to cognitive decline in MS patients, independent of brain atrophy.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * etiologie   krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol * krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * krev   komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychoterapie MeSH
• rehabilitace MeSH
• schizofrenie rehabilitace   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• elektrická vodivost MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

PURPOSE: The current study aimed to (1) examine the sociodemographic, clinical and psychological factors related to subjective cognitive functioning (SCF); (2) analyze the complex mutual interconnections between SCFs; and (3) address patients' perspectives on SCF and supportive care. METHOD: A heterogeneous sample of oncological patients (N = 566) was recruited.Items inquiring about the senses, attention, memory, spatial functions, decision-making and speech were administered. A network of subjectively perceived changes in cognitive functions was estimated while three open-ended questions addressed patients' perspectives on SCF. RESULTS: Within the network, deficits in spatial perception, attention focus and problem-solving ability had the highest strength index while the deficits related to the senses were the least influential. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that psychological-based interventions focused on higher cognitive functions could improve patients' quality of life. The presence of supportive care and available information could strengthen SCF intervention and prevention for patients with cancer.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• kvalita života psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Poruchy kognitivních funkcí u schizofrenie významně ovlivňují funkční výsledné stavy onemocnění. Kognitivní postižení se projevuje především v paměti, stavech pozornosti a ve vyšších exekutivních funkcích. Při pokusu o nápravu kognitivní dysfunkce se s částečným úspěchem využívá celá řada rehabilitačních programů, z nichž některé využívají i počítače. Dosavadní zkušenosti s počítačovou rehabilitací jsou nadějné, ukazuje se, že schizofrenní nemocní jsou schopni dokončit úlohy a jsou motivováni. Představujeme projekt počítačové rehabilitace kognitivního deficitu u schizofrenie, který využívá Bracyho program PSS CogReHab, a prezentujeme první zkušenosti s tímto rehabilitačním programem.

Impairment of cognitive functions in schizophrenia has a severe impact on the functional outcome of illness. Cognitive deficit can be detected in memory, attentional states, and executive functioning. Numerous rehabilitation programs are successfully used in remediation of cognitive dysfunction, some of them are computer-assisted. Experience with computer rehabilitation is encouraging, schizophrenic patients are able to complete tasks, they are motivated. We introduce a project of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia using Bracy’s PSS CogReHab program, and present our first experience.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy patologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy metody   MeSH
• počítačem asistovaná terapie metody   MeSH
• schizofrenie rehabilitace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• hypnóza MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

PURPOSE: The evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may be beneficial in preventing cognitive decline. We aimed to explore this association in a Central European population. METHODS: A total of 6,028 men and women from the Czech arm of the HAPIEE study were included in the analysis. Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and MD score (MDS) was calculated based on nine food groups. The MDS (range 0-17 points) was classified into three groups: low (0-7), medium (8-10), high (11-17). Cognitive function was measured using four tests assessing verbal memory and learning, verbal fluency, and attention, mental speed and concentration, and composite score, each of them converted to z-score. The associations between MDS and cognitive function were analyzed using multivariate linear regression in men and women. RESULTS: There were no significant associations in men. By contrast, women with a dietary score of 8-10 points (B = 0.05, 95% CI: -0.002; 0.097), and those with a score of 11-17 points (B = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.016; 0.140) had a higher composite cognitive score than women in lowest adherence group. Regarding specific domains, women in the highest adherence group had significantly better immediate verbal memory (B = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.031; 0.205) and delayed recall (B = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.027; 0.212), respectively, than those in the lowest adherence group. CONCLUSION: Higher adherence to the MDS was associated with better cognitive functioning in verbal memory and composite cognitive score in Czech women. The results suggest that the Mediterranean diet may help to improve cognitive functioning.

• MeSH
• dieta - přehledy MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * prevence a kontrola   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• strava středomořská * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH
• osobnost MeSH