BACKGROUND: This study examines the associations of fatty acids (FAs) in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) with the anthropometrical and biochemical characteristic of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related traits. METHODS: We analyzed the FA profiles of PC in 300 persons with MetS-related traits (152 M/148F, mean age 46.9 ± 9.0 years) and in 70 healthy controls of the same age using a balanced men/women ratio and gas-liquid chromatography. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the coefficients of determination (R2) using FA proportions of the mentioned proband characteristics. RESULTS: The FA composition of PC in patients with MetS traits was only associated with waist circumference (R2 = 0.27), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; R2 = 0.41), body fat percentage (R2 = 0.62), and fat mass (R2 = 0.29). Positive associations were found for dihomo-γ-linolenic (DGLA), palmitic, stearic (SA), α-linolenic (ALA), and eicosapentaenoic acids, whereas negative associations were found for linoleic (LA), oleic, and docosapentaenoic acids. Palmitoleic acid (POA) was positively associated with waist circumference but negatively with fat percentage. In controls, significant associations were found for waist circumference (R2 = 0.51), WHR (R2 = 0.53), body fat percentage (R2 = 0.60), and fat mass (R2 = 0.34). DGLA and saturated FA (SFA) were positively associated, whereas docosahexaenoic, adrenic, and cis-vaccenic acids were negatively associated. The study group differed from controls as follows: lower concentrations of LA and total n-6 FA, higher indices of delta-9-desaturase and delta-6 desaturase activity and higher proportions of POA, SA, ALA, DGLA, and SFA. CONCLUSIONS: We found significant associations (R2 >0.25) of FA in plasma PC with adiposity in middle-aged persons with MetS-related traits, but not with metabolic indices.
- MeSH
- Adiposity * MeSH
- Anthropometry MeSH
- Chromatography, Liquid MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Phosphatidylcholines blood MeSH
- Insulin Resistance MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Lipids blood MeSH
- Fatty Acids blood MeSH
- Metabolic Syndrome blood MeSH
- Multivariate Analysis MeSH
- Waist Circumference MeSH
- Pilot Projects MeSH
- Waist-Hip Ratio MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Regression Analysis MeSH
- Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase metabolism MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
How people use their time has been linked with their health. For example, spending more time being physically active is known to be beneficial for health, whereas long durations of sitting have been associated with unfavourable health outcomes. Accordingly, public health messages have advocated swapping strategies to promote the reallocation of time between parts of the time-use composition, such as "Move More, Sit Less", with the aim of achieving optimal distribution of time for health. However, the majority of research underpinning these public health messages has not considered daily time use as a composition, and has ignored the relative nature of time-use data. We present a way of applying compositional data analysis to estimate change in a health outcome when fixed durations of time are reallocated from one part of a particular time-use composition to another, while the remaining parts are kept constant, based on a multiple linear regression model on isometric log ratio coordinates. In an example, we examine the expected differences in Body Mass Index z-scores for reallocations of time between sleep, physical activity and sedentary behaviour.
The aim of this study was to evaluate milk yield and its composition during the preweaning period for Sahelian goats (SG) and Anglo-Nubian (AN) crossbred depending on some factors. The experiments were conducted from January to December 2008 for 44 suckled and hand-milked does, randomized, and divided into two equal groups: SG (n = 22) and F(1) Anglo-Nubian × Sahelian goats (1/2AN; n = 22). The does and their offsprings were kept in a pen where they stayed indoors for 45 days before they were allowed outdoors when the weather was suitable. Each category received supplemental feeds depending on the season (rainy season, dry cold season, and dry hot season). The average daily milk yield was recorded weekly from parturition to 100 days of age. Individual milk samples were taken for chemical analysis in connection with the yield measurements twice per month from the fourth week of lactation throughout the different seasons (rainy, cold dry, and hot dry). The daily milk yield differed between breed types (P = 0.001) during the preweaning, while the effect of kids' sex on daily milk production was not significant. Litter size affected milk yield up to day 60 (P = 0.032) where does with twins producing more milk than those with single kid. However, at day 100, both groups had similar (P = 0.001) milk production. Total milk yield at weaning increased by 103 % in 1/2AN over SG. The highest concentration of total solids of milk was (12.76 %) recorded in the hot dry season. The results of this study indicate that crossbreeding native Sahelian goats with high potential Anglo-Nubian buck improved milk production and its composition.
- MeSH
- Breeding methods MeSH
- Species Specificity MeSH
- Goats physiology MeSH
- Crosses, Genetic MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Dairying methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Milk chemistry MeSH
- Weaning MeSH
- Seasons MeSH
- Sex Factors MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Mali MeSH
The objective of the present study was to determine the needs of milk intake (MI) and their components (i.e., lactose, fat, protein, and energy) to increase the average daily gain (ADG) of Pelibuey lambs during the pre-weaning period. Data of 62 lambs were used (35 males and 27 females; 32 of single lambing and 30 twins). All lambs were housed in individual pens with their mothers during the first 45 days post-lambing, without access to mother's food. Every 10 d, MI was estimated by the double lamb weighing method, and then, the intake of each milk component was calculated, considering both milk chemical composition and its estimated intake. The ADG was associated with MI and its components through a linear regression analysis. All milk variables were highly (P < 0.05; 0.69 ≤ r ≤ 0.85) correlated with ADG. The ADG explained (P < 0.0001) between 48 and 72% of the variation observed for MI and its components, being lower for fat intake and higher for MI. Given the positive slope parameter (β1), an increase of one kilogram of body weight required intakes of 3.1 kg of milk, 117 g of fat, 203 g of protein, 187 g of lactose, or 16.8 MJ of energy. In conclusion, Pelibuey lambs to gain one kilogram of live weight during the pre-weaning period need to consume 3.1 kg of milk having an adequate amount of protein, fat, lactose, and energy.
- MeSH
- Weight Gain * MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Milk chemistry MeSH
- Weaning MeSH
- Sheep, Domestic growth & development MeSH
- Eating * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The effect of fat accumulation on the prediction of in vivo body composition by a total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) technique was evaluated using Japanese quail at 2 life periods (0 to 21 d and 28 to 70 d of age) that differ significantly in the fatness of birds. In total, 119 quail of 14 age categories were weighed and scanned by the TOBEC analyzer, and their carcasses were subjected to chemical analysis. The prediction equations for chemical composition (percentage of water, lipids, and lean tissue) and body masses (weight of body, water, lipids, and lean tissue) were obtained by linear regression analysis. The equations involved the E-value as the independent variable. In both growth phases, a high accuracy of estimation was found for the total body, lean, and water masses (0.85 ≤ R(2) ≤ 0.98), whereas a low accuracy of estimation was observed for percentages of lipids, lean tissue, and water (0.27 ≤ R(2) ≤ 0.64). Most of the variables showed a worse estimation in the late than in the early growth phase; the maximum difference was observed for the lipid mass (R(2) = 0.35 vs. 0.90, respectively). The correlations between analyzed variables and the residual error distributions of regression models demonstrated that the lower power of the models in the late versus early growth phase may be attributed to an enhanced fat accumulation in sexually mature birds. Their high fat reserves considerably decrease body hydration, which negatively influences the estimation of body composition based upon the TOBEC procedure.
- MeSH
- Coturnix anatomy & histology physiology MeSH
- Electric Conductivity MeSH
- Lipids analysis MeSH
- Regression Analysis MeSH
- Body Composition MeSH
- Aging physiology MeSH
- Body Weight MeSH
- Body Water MeSH
- Adipose Tissue anatomy & histology physiology MeSH
- Organ Size MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Anthropology MeSH
- Biochemical Phenomena MeSH
- Models, Biological * MeSH
- Ecosystem MeSH
- Kinetics MeSH
- Carbon Cycle MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Regression Analysis MeSH
- Biota MeSH
- Models, Statistical * MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Stochastic Processes MeSH
- Models, Theoretical MeSH
- Investigative Techniques * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Effects of organic solvent type, pH value, and composition of donor/acceptor solution on the efficacy of electromembrane extraction (EME) were examined. For the first time, a comprehensive quantitative study, based also on measurements of electric charge passed through the EME system, was carried out, which demonstrates that apart from the pH value, also the nature of counter-ions in donor and acceptor solution plays a significant role in the electrically induced transfer of charged analytes across supported liquid membranes (SLMs). The EME transfer of model analytes correlated well with electrophoretic mobilities of inorganic cations, which were added to acceptor solutions during their alkalization with alkali metal hydroxides, and were highest for counter-cations with highest mobilities. Up to a 53-fold improvement of extraction efficiency was achieved for EMEs using optimized composition of donor (alkalized with KOH to pH 7) and acceptor (10 mM CsOH, pH 12) solutions. Six chlorophenols (CPs) were selected as model analytes due to the wide range of pH values that are required for their ionization and due to their high environmental relevance; quantitative measurements were carried out by CE with UV detection. Extraction recoveries of the six CPs ranged between 14 and 25% for 5 min EMEs at 150 V and 750 rpm across SLMs impregnated with 1-ethyl-2-nitrobenzene. Calibration curves were strictly linear (r(2) ≥ 0.999) in 0.01-10 μg/mL range, repeatability values of peak areas were between 0.7 and 5.6% and LODs for standard solutions and environmental samples were better than 5 ng/mL.
- MeSH
- Chemical Fractionation instrumentation methods MeSH
- Models, Chemical * MeSH
- Chlorophenols analysis chemistry isolation & purification MeSH
- Electrophoresis instrumentation methods MeSH
- Limit of Detection MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Membranes, Artificial * MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Cortical bone plays a vital role in determining overall bone strength. We investigate the structural, compositional, and nanomechanical properties of cortical bone following ovariectomy (OVX) of 12-week-old Sprague Dawley rats, since this animal model is frequently employed to evaluate the performance of implantable biomaterials in compromised bone healing conditions. Morphological parameters and material properties of bone in the geometrical center of the femoral cortex were investigated four and eight weeks post-OVX and in unoperated controls (Ctrl), using X-ray micro-computed tomography, backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation. The OVX animals showed increase in body weight, diminished bone mineral density, increased intracortical porosity, but increased bone mass through periosteal apposition (e.g., increases in periosteal perimeter, cortical cross-sectional thickness, and cross-sectional area). However, osteocyte densities, osteocyte lacunar dimensions, and the nanomechanical behavior on the single mineralized collagen fibril level remained unaffected. Our correlative multiscale investigation provides structural, chemical, and nanomechanical evidence substantiating earlier reports suggesting that rats ovariectomized at 12 weeks undergo simultaneous bone loss and growth, resulting in the effects of OVX being less obvious. Periosteal apposition contradicts the conventional view of bone loss in osteoporosis but appears advantageous for the greater functional demand imposed on the skeleton by increased body weight and fragility induced by increased intracortical porosity. Through a variety of morphological changes, it is likely that 12-week-old rats are able to adapt to OVX-related microstructural and compositional alterations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 997-1007, 2018.
- MeSH
- Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
- Extracellular Matrix metabolism MeSH
- Femur pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Cortical Bone diagnostic imaging pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Minerals metabolism MeSH
- Nanoparticles chemistry MeSH
- Osteocytes metabolism MeSH
- Osteoporosis diagnostic imaging pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Cell Count MeSH
- Porosity MeSH
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- X-Ray Microtomography MeSH
- Body Weight MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Bone ash, collagen, Ca and P composition, are considered the main factors affecting mechanical properties in bones. However, a series of studies in bone and antler have shown that some trace minerals, such as manganese, may play a role whose importance exceeds what may be expected considering their low content. A previous study showed that a reduction in manganese in antlers during a year of late winter frosts led to generalized antler breakage in Spain, which included a reduction of 30% of cortical thickness, 27% reduction in impact energy, and 10% reduction in work to peak force. Starting for this observation, we experimentally studied the effects of manganese supplementation in adults and yearling (yearlings) red deer under a balanced diet. Subjects were 29 deer of different age classes (adult n = 19, yearlings n = 10) that were divided in a manganese injected group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 15). Antler content in ashes and minerals, intrinsic mechanical properties and cross section structure were examined at 4 points along the antler beam. A one way ANOVA (mean per antler) showed that in yearlings, manganese supplementation only increased its content and that of Fe. However, in adults, Mn supplementation increased the mean content per antler of Ca, Na, P, B, Co, Cu, K, Mn, Ni, Se (while Si content was reduced), and impact work but not Young's modulus of elasticity, bending strength or work to peak force. A GLM series on characteristics in the uppermost part examined in the antler, often showing physiological exhaustion and depletion of body stores, showed also a 16% increase in work to peak force in the antlers of the treated group. Thus, manganese supplementation altered mineral composition of antler and improved structure and some mechanical properties despite animals having a balanced diet.
- MeSH
- Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
- Diet MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Manganese administration & dosage MeSH
- Minerals metabolism MeSH
- Antlers chemistry ultrastructure MeSH
- Dietary Supplements analysis MeSH
- Deer anatomy & histology growth & development MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Geometrid moths occurring in late autumn and early spring in temperate forest habitats are often harmful defoliators of deciduous stands. Their populations can cause locally cyclic outbreaks and thus preventive monitoring actions have been developed, mainly based on pheromone attraction of males. Females are mostly flightless with reduced or lost wings and reduced senses associated with flying. Males are standard flyers with well-developed eyes and must be able to deal with rapidly changing light conditions during their activity. Although such differences indicate sex-biased differences in reactions to light, this has been insufficiently tested. In conditions of an experimental arena and using light-emitting diodes, we tested the different reactions of the sexes for nine species to precisely defined short segments of the electromagnetic spectrum in the range 360-660 nm. Across all species, males preferred shorter wavelengths up to 500 nm, while females were nonselective and generally less active. The sexes differed by eye size and body mass, with males having significantly larger eyes and lower body mass. Between brachypterous and apterous females, the former had larger eye size, while body mass differences were statistically insignificant. There were differences between the sexes in move-to-light reactions and changes in eye size and body mass in line with wing reduction. While males preferred a relatively distinct range of shorter wavelengths, a method of attraction to lights with distinct narrow spectra could be used markedly to enhance the established methods of forest pest monitoring, either alone or in combination with chemical male attraction.
- MeSH
- Behavior, Animal radiation effects MeSH
- Flight, Animal MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Moths anatomy & histology physiology radiation effects MeSH
- Eye anatomy & histology MeSH
- Sex Characteristics MeSH
- Light * MeSH
- Organ Size MeSH
- Body Size MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
