BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated the association between low birth weight (LBW) and chronic kidney disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and kidney volume (KV). However, studies on twins and those investigating numerous perinatal factors beyond LBW, and their associations with various kidney parameters are scarce. METHODS: A two-center cross-sectional study on five-year-old LBW children was conducted between 2021 and 2023. 110 children were enrolled (8 LBW, 58 very LBW (VLBW), 44 extremely LBW (ELBW)); 56 were twins. We examined associations between birth weight (BW), various prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors, and eGFR, KV, tubular abnormalities and kidney ultrasound abnormalities, both in singletons and twins. RESULTS: In children with ELBW, eGFR correlated with BW (r = 0.55, P = 0.0018), while in those with BW ≥ 1000 g, eGFR remained constant. Other factors associated with decreased eGFR were hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (93.86 vs. 87.26 ml/min/1.73m2, P = 0.0285) in singletons, decreased growth velocity (β = 0.83, P = 0.0277) in twins, and lower total KV (tKV) and relative KV (rKV) in both singletons (r = 0.60, P < 0.0001 for tKV and r = 0.45, P = 0.0010 for rKV) and twins (β = 0.34, P < 0.0001 for tKV and β = 0.23, P = 0.0002 for rKV). Based on the multivariable models excluding KV, BW and gestational age were associated with eGFR in singletons, while male gender, BW, growth velocity, and coffee drinking during pregnancy were associated with eGFR in twins. However, in models that included KV, BW, gestational age and growth velocity were no longer significant. Total KV was associated with BW (r = 0.39, P = 0.0050 for singletons; β = 2.85, P < 0.0001 for twins), body mass index (r = 0.34, P = 0.0145 for singletons; β = 8.44, P < 0.0001 for twins), and growth velocity (β = 1.43, P = 0.0078). Twins born small for gestational age had lower tKV (70.88 vs 89.20 ml, P < 0.0001). Relative KV showed similar associations. Relative kidney volumes were significantly lower for both kidneys compared to the reference population (55.02 vs 65.42 ml/m2, P < 0.0001 for right kidney and 61.12 vs 66.25 ml/m2, P = 0.0015 for left kidney); however, only 8.6% of children had rKV below 10th percentile. CONCLUSION: Many factors affect eGFR and KV, some of them differ between twins and singletons. Based on multivariable models, eGFR seems to be better predicted by KV than by BW and gestational age in LBW children. Relative kidney volumes were significantly lower in our cohort compared to the reference population, but only 8.6% of rKV were below 10th percentile.
- MeSH
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic epidemiology etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Twins MeSH
- Glomerular Filtration Rate * MeSH
- Kidney * diagnostic imaging physiopathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Low Birth Weight * MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Birth Weight MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Organ Size MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common, fatal cancer. Identifying subgroups who may benefit more from intervention is of critical public health importance. Previous studies have assessed multiplicative interaction between genetic risk scores and environmental factors, but few have assessed additive interaction, the relevant public health measure. METHODS: Using resources from CRC consortia, including 45,247 CRC cases and 52,671 controls, we assessed multiplicative and additive interaction (relative excess risk due to interaction, RERI) using logistic regression between 13 harmonized environmental factors and genetic risk score, including 141 variants associated with CRC risk. RESULTS: There was no evidence of multiplicative interaction between environmental factors and genetic risk score. There was additive interaction where, for individuals with high genetic susceptibility, either heavy drinking (RERI = 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13, 0.36), ever smoking (0.11 [0.05, 0.16]), high body mass index (female 0.09 [0.05, 0.13], male 0.10 [0.05, 0.14]), or high red meat intake (highest versus lowest quartile 0.18 [0.09, 0.27]) was associated with excess CRC risk greater than that for individuals with average genetic susceptibility. Conversely, we estimate those with high genetic susceptibility may benefit more from reducing CRC risk with aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use (-0.16 [-0.20, -0.11]) or higher intake of fruit, fiber, or calcium (highest quartile versus lowest quartile -0.12 [-0.18, -0.050]; -0.16 [-0.23, -0.09]; -0.11 [-0.18, -0.05], respectively) than those with average genetic susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: Additive interaction is important to assess for identifying subgroups who may benefit from intervention. The subgroups identified in this study may help inform precision CRC prevention.
- MeSH
- Diet MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease * MeSH
- Body Mass Index MeSH
- Gene-Environment Interaction * MeSH
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MeSH
- Colorectal Neoplasms * genetics epidemiology MeSH
- Smoking adverse effects MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Logistic Models MeSH
- Alcohol Drinking MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
BACKGROUND: Sex and gender influence many aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Limited data are available on this topic in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). We therefore aimed to investigate sex issues in the EARCO registry, a prospective, international, observational cohort study. METHODS: Baseline data from PiZZ individuals, enrolled in the registry with complete data on sex and smoking history were analysed by group comparisons and binary logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: 1283 patients with AATD, 49.3% women were analysed. Females reported less tobacco consumption (16.8±12.2 vs. 19.6±14.5 PY, p=0.006), occupational exposures towards gases, dusts or asbestos (p<0.005 each) and consumed less alcohol (5.5±7.6 vs. 8.4±10.3u/week, p<0.001). Females reported COPD (41% vs. 57%, p<0.001) and liver disease (11% vs. 20%, p<0.001) less often. However, they had a higher prevalence of bronchiectasis (24% vs. 13%, p<0.001). Despite better lung function (FEV1%pred. 73.6±29.9 vs. 62.7±29.5, p<0.001) females reported a similar symptom burden (CAT 13.4±9.5 vs. 12.5±8.9, p=ns) and exacerbation frequency (at least one in the previous year 30% vs. 26%, p=ns) compared to males. In multivariate analyses, female sex was an independent risk factor for exacerbations in the previous year OR 1.6 p=0.001 in addition to smoking history, COPD, asthma and bronchiectasis and was also identified as risk factors for symptom burden (CAT≥10) OR 1.4 p=0.014 besides age, BMI, COPD and smoking history. CONCLUSION: Men had higher rates of COPD and liver disease, women were more likely to have bronchiectasis. Women's higher symptom burden and exacerbation frequency suggest they may need tailored treatment approaches.
- MeSH
- Bronchiectasis epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive epidemiology etiology MeSH
- alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency * epidemiology complications MeSH
- Comorbidity MeSH
- Smoking epidemiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Liver Diseases epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Alcohol Drinking epidemiology MeSH
- Occupational Exposure adverse effects MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Registries * MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Sex Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Observational Study MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
BACKGROUND: Maternal alcohol consumption can adversely affect children's development, but the impact of paternal drinking is less understood. We aimed to investigate whether maternal or paternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy affected children's mental health and behavior. METHODS: A total of 2,013 parent-child triads from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood cohort were used. Data on alcohol consumption was obtained from questionnaires during pregnancy and after the child's birth. Mental health and behavior of children were assessed with Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The associations were tested using linear regression, adjusting for socio-demographic and psychosocial covariates. RESULTS: Increased maternal alcohol consumption was associated with higher total SDQ scores at ages 7, 11, and 18 years old when the outcomes were reported by mothers, but only at 11 years when reported by children. We did not observe any dose-response relationship, and the effect size did not change during the follow-up. The effects were observed across various domains of SDQ: in the emotional symptoms subscale at age 11, in the conduct problems subscale at ages 7 and 11, and in the hyperactivity/inattention subscale at age 18. Paternal alcohol consumption was not associated with SDQ. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with long-term effects on children's mental health and behavior, particularly when reported by mothers. No association was found between paternal alcohol consumption, suggesting that the results may stem from biological effects of alcohol or other factors beyond the direct exposure, potentially encompassing broader maternal psychosocial or behavioral characteristics.
- MeSH
- Child Behavior * MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Longitudinal Studies MeSH
- Mothers * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Fathers * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Alcohol Drinking * adverse effects epidemiology MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects * epidemiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Energy Drinks * adverse effects statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Údolní nádrž Seč slouží jako retenční prostor při povodních, dále jako zdroj pitné vody a v posledních desetiletích i jako významná rekreační oblast. Z důvodu eutrofizace i zde opakovaně docházelo k výskytu sinicového vodního květu. V červenci roku 2024 došlo ke zcela výjimečné události, kdy po vydatných deštích proniklo do nádrže extrémní množství prvoků ze skupiny obrněnek (Dinophyta). Ty pak vytvořily povlak postupující s proudem vody po nádrži. Jev byl pozorován zhruba měsíc. Doposud nebyly zjištěny sladkovodní obrněnky (na rozdíl od mořských), které by produkovaly toxiny nebezpečné pro lidský organismus, a tak k přímému ohrožení zdraví koupajících se osob nedošlo. Ohrožena nebyla ani výroba pitné vody z nádrže.
The Seč valley reservoir serves as a retention area during floods, as a source of drinking water and in recent decades as an important recreational area. Due to eutrophication, cyanobacterial blooms have repeatedly occurred here. In July 2024, a highly exceptional event occurred when, after heavy rains, an extreme amount of protozoa from the group of giant nematodes (Dinophyta) entered the reservoir. They then formed a coating that progressed with the flow of water through the reservoir. The phenomenon was observed for about a month. So far, freshwater Dinoflagellates (as opposed to marine Dinoflagellates) have not been found to produce toxins dangerous to the human body, so there has been no direct threat to the health of bathers. Nor has the production of drinking water from the reservoir been compromised.
The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of smokers and ex-smokers in the older diabetes population in Europe and to evaluate the relationship with various sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors. This epidemiological study used Wave 8 of the multidisciplinary and cross-national SHARE database, which includes cross-sectional data on health, socio-economic status and social and family networks of individuals aged 50 and over from 27 European countries. Among the 6,903 participants with diabetes, 12.2% were current smokers, 29.9% were former smokers and 57.9% had never smoked. Among countries' diabetes populations, the highest prevalence of ex-smokers (57.6%) with a low prevalence of smokers (9.5%) was seen in the Netherlands. The highest prevalence of never-smokers (84.2%) was found in Latvia, with the lowest prevalence of ex-smokers (7.9%). Austria had the highest prevalence of current smokers (17.9%) along with a below-average prevalence of ex-smokers (26.5%) was seen in Austria. Normal weight, being overweight, lower education, living without a partner, living in larger cities, drinking alcohol in the last 7 days, lower age, and being male were associated with a higher risk of being a current smoker. The study shows high prevalence of smoking among the older diabetes population in Europe and provides data on the association of smoking with several risk factors and country-specific differences in smoking prevalence.
- MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus * epidemiology MeSH
- Smoking * epidemiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Smoking Cessation * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Life Style MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Research on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol sales and per capita consumption show mixed findings. The present study of alcohol sales in Czechia attempts to account for this heterogeneity by investigating three types of interventions: (i) limits on the movement of people into the country (i.e., tourism); (ii) social mobility and assembly restrictions; and (iii) restrictions on alcohol sales. METHODS: We used general additive models to assess the relationship between alcohol sales and COVID-19-related restrictions that were specific to alcohol outlets and general restrictions measured by the Government Response Stringency Index. New COVID-19 cases and the number of overnight stays by foreign tourists were also included in the models. RESULTS: The analysis of total sales revenues show that the overall amount of alcohol sold in the Czech Republic decreased due to the COVID-19 related measures and the decrease is best explained by the Government Response Stringency Index. We did not find any relationship between alcohol sales and the number of new COVID-19 cases. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The decline in total alcohol sales resulting from the COVID-19 restrictions was not just the result of reduced tourism and restrictions on physical availability of alcohol, but also of restrictions limiting social encounters. This should be considered in future research comparing the trends in different countries and incorporated into plans for controlling the spread of communicable diseases in future epidemics.
- MeSH
- Alcoholic Beverages * economics MeSH
- Interrupted Time Series Analysis MeSH
- Travel MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Commerce * trends economics statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Pandemics MeSH
- Alcohol Drinking * epidemiology economics MeSH
- Tourism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Introduction: The study of smoking and alcohol consumption habits is one of the most relevant and common elements of health behaviour assessment. According to European Health Interview Survey data, 27% of women aged 18-34 years and 35% of men smoke daily. According to the WHO, alcohol consumption also presents a negative picture and is responsible for 3 million deaths worldwide each year. Objective: Our primary objective was to examine how university students' health values relate to smoking and alcohol consumption habits. Methods: Our data collection method was interviewing, and our questionnaire consisted of nearly 30 questions that could be divided into several main groups. For data collection, we used a validated questionnaire, the IRVS Values Importance and Achievement Scale. For the assessment of smoking habits, we used the questionnaire from the National Population Survey (2003), compiled by the National Center for Epidemiology. A total of 380 university students completed the questionnaire. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results: Using principal component analysis, we obtained the eight-item variable, 'Importance of health value', with the highest loading of the value 'Health importance' (0.711 points). Our results showed a significant negative association between the health value and the number of cigarettes smoked per day, rs = -0.089, p = 0.041 (1-tailed), using Spearman correlation. Conclusion: Promoting a healthier lifestyle among university-aged individuals should be encouraged and prioritized. We believe that it is important to develop a preventive approach and create an inclusive educational environment.
