A novel Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, light-yellow-pigmented, and chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, designated DF-77T, was isolated from dense mats of filamentous algae collected in March 2004 at Okinawa in Japan. The microorganism grew at 0-2.0% NaCl concentrations (w/v), pH 6.0-9.0, and 20-30 °C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the strain DF-77T is a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae and was greatly related to Flagellimonas nanhaiensis SM1704T with sequence similarity of 95.5%. The main fatty acids were iso-C15:1 G, iso-C15:0, and iso-C17:0 3-OH, and the only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-6. The dominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified phosphoaminolipid, and four unidentified lipids. The genome size of strain DF-77T was 3.60 Mbp with a DNA G + C content of 47.5%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value between the genomes of strain DF-77T and its closely related species was 69.8-70.7%. The digital DNA - DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of strain DF-77T with the strain of F. nanhaiensis SM1704T was 16.8%. The genome of the strain DF-77T revealed that it encoded several genes involved in bio-macromolecule degradation, indicating a high potential for producing industrially useful enzymes. Consequently, the strain is described as a new species in the genus Flagellimonas, for which the name Flagellimonas algarum sp. nov., is proposed with the type strain DF-77T (= KCTC 72791T = NBRC 114251T).

• MeSH
• DNA, Bacterial genetics   chemistry   MeSH
• Flavobacteriaceae * classification   isolation & purification   genetics   MeSH
• Phospholipids analysis   MeSH
• Phylogeny MeSH
• Genome, Bacterial MeSH
• Nucleic Acid Hybridization MeSH
• Fatty Acids analysis   MeSH
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics   MeSH
• Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
• Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
• Vitamin K 2 analysis   analogs & derivatives   MeSH
• Base Composition MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Japan MeSH

Gold nanoparticles represent nanosized colloidal entities with high relevance for both basic and applied research. When gold nanoparticles are functionalized with polymer-molecule ligands, hybrid nanoparticles emerge whose interactions with the environment are controlled by the polymer coating layer: Colloidal stability and structure formation on the single particle level as well as at the supracolloidal scale can be enabled and engineered by tailoring the composition and architecture of this polymer coating. These possibilities in controlling structure formation may lead to synergistic and/or emergent functional properties of such hybrid colloidal systems. Eventually, the responsivity of the polymer coating to external triggers also enables the formation of hybrid supracolloidal systems with specific dynamic properties. This review provides an overview of fundamentals and recent developments in this vibrant domain of materials science.

• MeSH
• Gold Colloid chemistry   MeSH
• Colloids chemistry   MeSH
• Metal Nanoparticles * chemistry   MeSH
• Polymers * chemistry   chemical synthesis   MeSH
• Surface Properties MeSH
• Particle Size MeSH
• Gold * chemistry   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Cytogenetics MeSH
• Terminology as Topic MeSH

• Conspectus
• Obecná genetika. Obecná cytogenetika. Evoluce
• NML Fields
• cytologie, klinická cytologie
• genetika, lékařská genetika
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

Cíl: Zjistit, zda časovaná preemptivní radiofrekvenční (RF) katétrová ablace povede k nižšímu výskytu arytmií a bude spojena s příznivějším klinickým průběhem ve srovnání se samotným CryoMaze u pacientů se strukturálním srdečním onemocněním indikovaným ke konkomitantní chirurgické léčbě fibrilace síní (FiS). Metody: Do studie byli zařazeni pacienti s neparoxysmální FiS podstupující koronární by-pass anebo chlopenní operaci, kteří byli po CryoMaze randomizováni k provedení následné RF katétrové ablace s odstupem 3 měsíců (sekvenční hybridní léčba) nebo ke konzervativnímu postupu. Primárním cílem byla účinnost, tj. rekurence arytmií (FiS nebo síňových tachykardií) bez antiarytmické léčby, což bylo hodnoceno pomocí implantabilních záznamníků. Primárním kompozitním klinickým cílem byla hospitalizace pro rekurenci arytmií, zhoršení srdečního selhání, kardioembolická příhoda nebo významné krvácení. Výsledky: Analyzovali jsme celkem 113 pacientů v hybridní skupině a 116 pacientů v konzervativní skupině, kteří byli sledováni po střední dobu 715 dnů (mezikvartilové rozpětí 528–1 072 dnů). Rekurence arytmií byla v hybridní skupině ve srovnání se samotným CryoMaze významně snížena (41,1 % vs. 67,4 %, HR = 0,38, 95 % CI:0,26–0,57, P < 0,001), stejně jako i výskyt primárního kompozitního cíle (19,9 % vs. 40,1 %, HR = 0,51, 95 % CI: 0,29–0,86, P = 0,012). Celková mortalita se mezi skupinami nelišila (10,6 % vs. 8,6 %, HR = 1,17, 95 % CI: 0,51–2,71, P = 0,71). Komplikace RF katétrové ablace byly relativně vzácné (1,9 %) a nevedly k žádným závažným klinickým konsekvencím. Závěr: Samotný konkomitantní CryoMaze nevede k optimální kontrole arytmií. Preemptivní RF katétrová ablace je bezpečná a vede k významnému snížení výskytu arytmií a následně i k příznivějšímu klinickému průběhu.

Aims: To assess whether the timely pre-emptive radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation would achieve higher freedom from atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial tachycardia (AT) and be associated with better clinical outcomes than surgical ablation (CryoMaze) alone in patients with structural heart disease indicated for concomitant AF treatment. Methods: The trial investigated patients with non-paroxysmal AF undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve repair/replacement with mandatory concomitant CryoMaze procedure who were randomly assigned to undergo either RF catheter ablation three months post CryoMaze (Hybrid Group) or no further treatment (Surgery Group). The primary efficacy endpoint was the first recurrence of AF/AT without antiarrhythmic drugs as assessed by implantable cardiac monitors. The primary clinical endpoint was a composite of hospitalization for arrhythmia recurrence, worsening of heart failure, cardioembolic event, or major bleeding. Results: We analyzed 113 and 116 patients in the Hybrid and Surgery Groups, respectively, with a median follow-up of 715 (IQR: 528-1072) days. The primary efficacy endpoint was significantly reduced in the Hybrid Group (41.1% vs 67.4%, hazard ratio (HR)= 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26-0.57, P<0.001) as well as the primary clinical endpoint (19.9% vs 40.1%, HR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.29-0.86, P=0.012). The trial groups did not differ in all-cause mortality (10.6% vs. 8.6%, HR=1.17, 95%CI: 0.51-2.71, P=0.71). The major complications of catheter ablation were infrequent (1.9%) and resulted in no clinical sequelae. Conclusions: Concomitant CryoMaze alone leads to suboptimal arrhythmia control. Pre-emptively performed catheter ablation after the CryoMaze procedure was safe and associated with higher freedom from AF/AT and consequently improved clinical outcomes.

• Keywords
• studie SURHYB,
• MeSH
• Atrial Fibrillation * surgery   therapy   MeSH
• Catheter Ablation methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Maze Procedure methods   MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

The taxonomic position of three actinobacterial strains, BCCO 10_0061T, BCCO 10_0798T, and BCCO 10_0856T, recovered from bare soil in the Sokolov Coal Basin, Czech Republic, was established using a polyphasic approach. The multilocus sequence analysis based on 100 single-copy genes positioned BCCO 10_0061T in the same cluster as Lentzea waywayandensis, strain BCCO 10_0798T in the same cluster as Lentzea flaviverrucosa, Lentzea californiensis, Lentzea violacea, and Lentzea albidocapillata, and strain BCCO 10_0856T clustered together with Lentzea kentuckyensis and Lentzea alba. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these strains support their assignment to the genus Lentzea. In all three strains, MK-9(H4) accounted for more than 80 % of the isoprenoid quinone. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell sugars were rhamnose, ribose, mannose, glucose, and galactose. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and C16 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, methyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol. The genomic DNA G+C content of strains (mol%) was 68.8 for BCCO 10_0061T, 69.2 for BCCO 10_0798T, and 68.5 for BCCO 10_0856T. The combination of digital DNA-DNA hybridization results, average nucleotide identity values and phenotypic characteristics of BCCO 10_0061T, BCCO 10_0798T, and BCCO 10_0856T distinguishes them from their closely related strains. Bioinformatic analysis of the genome sequences of the strains revealed several biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with identities >50 % to already known clusters, including BGCs for geosmin, coelichelin, ε-poly-l-lysine, and erythromycin-like BGCs. Most of the identified BGCs showed low similarity to known BGCs (<50 %) suggesting their genetic potential for the biosynthesis of novel secondary metabolites. Based on the above results, each strain represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which we propose the name Lentzea sokolovensis sp. nov. for BCCO 10_0061T (=DSM 116175T), Lentzea kristufekii sp. nov. for BCCO 10_0798T (=DSM 116176T), and Lentzea miocenica sp. nov. for BCCO 10_0856T (=DSM 116177T).

• MeSH
• Actinobacteria * MeSH
• Actinomycetales * MeSH
• Bacteria MeSH
• DNA, Bacterial genetics   MeSH
• Phosphatidylethanolamines MeSH
• Phylogeny MeSH
• Fatty Acids chemistry   MeSH
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics   MeSH
• Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
• Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
• Coal MeSH
• Base Composition MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Organoids are 3-dimensional (3D) self-assembled structures capable of replicating the microanatomy and physiology of the epithelial components of their organ of origin. Adult stem cell (ASC) derived organoids from the liver have previously been shown to differentiate into primarily mature cholangiocytes, and their partial differentiation into functional hepatocytes can be promoted using specific media compositions. While full morphological differentiation of mature hepatocytes from ASCs has not yet been reported for any species, the functional differentiation can be approximated using various media compositions. Six differentiation media formulations from published studies on hepatic organoids were used for the differentiation protocol. Target species for these protocols were humans, mice, cats, and dogs, and encompassed various combinations and concentrations of four major hepatocyte media components: Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19), Dexamethasone (Dex), and Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor IX (DAPT). Additionally, removing R-spondin from basic organoid media has previously been shown to drive the differentiation of ASC into mature hepatocytes. Differentiation media (N = 20) were designed to encompass combinations of the four major hepatocyte media components. The preferred differentiation of ASC-derived organoids from liver tissue into mature hepatocytes over cholangiocytes was confirmed by albumin production in the culture supernatant. Out of the twenty media compositions tested, six media resulted in the production of the highest amounts of albumin in the supernatant of the organoids. The cell lines cultured using these six media were further characterized via histological staining, transmission electron microscopy, RNA in situ hybridization, analysis of gene expression patterns, immunofluorescence, and label-free proteomics. The results indicate that preferential hepatocyte maturation from canine ADC-derived organoids from liver tissue is mainly driven by Dexamethasone and DAPT components. FGF19 did not enhance organoid differentiation but improved cell culture survival. Furthermore, we confirm that removing R-spondin from the media is crucial for establishing mature hepatic organoid cultures.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Pomocí molekulárně genetických metod lze prokázat infekční organismy virového, bakteriálního a houbového původu, stejně jako protozoa a parazitické červy. Molekulární metody detekují specifické úseky v sekvencích nukleových kyselin infekčních agens, a není tedy nutné zachování viability hledaných mikroorganismů. Proto je možné použít tyto metody i pro přímý průkaz infekčního agens z fixované tkáně, nejčastějšího dostupného materiálu v patologii. Tento krátký přehledový článek vychází z více než dvacetiletého fungování molekulárně mikrobiologického úseku v rámci patologie a naším cílem je přiblížit možnosti molekulárně genetické detekce infekčních organismů pro patologickou diagnostiku.

Using molecular methods, infectious organisms of viral, bacterial and fungal origin, as well as protozoa and helminths, can be detected. Molecular methods detect specific segments in the nucleic acid sequences of infectious agents and therefore do not require the maintenance of viability of the microorganisms of interest. Therefore, these methods can also be used for direct detection of infectious agents from fixed tissue, the most commonly available material in pathology. This short review article is based on more than 20 years of molecular microbiology within pathology and our aim is to present the possibilities of molecular detection of infectious organisms for pathological diagnosis.

• MeSH
• Molecular Diagnostic Techniques * classification   methods   MeSH
• Formaldehyde MeSH
• In Situ Hybridization methods   MeSH
• Communicable Diseases * diagnosis   etiology   pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microbiota genetics   MeSH
• Nucleic Acids analysis   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction classification   methods   MeSH
• High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

AIMS: Data on the hybrid atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment are lacking in patients with structural heart disease undergoing concomitant CryoMaze procedures. The aim was to assess whether the timely pre-emptive catheter ablation would achieve higher freedom from AF or atrial tachycardia (AT) and be associated with better clinical outcomes than surgical ablation alone. METHODS AND RESULTS: The trial investigated patients with non-paroxysmal AF undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve repair/replacement with mandatory concomitant CryoMaze procedure who were randomly assigned to undergo either radiofrequency catheter ablation [Hybrid Group (HG)] or no further treatment (Surgery Group). The primary efficacy endpoint was the first recurrence of AF/AT without class I or III antiarrhythmic drugs as assessed by implantable cardiac monitors. The primary clinical endpoint was a composite of hospitalization for arrhythmia recurrence, worsening of heart failure, cardioembolic event, or major bleeding. We analysed 113 and 116 patients in the Hybrid and Surgery Groups, respectively, with a median follow-up of 715 (IQR: 528-1072) days. The primary efficacy endpoint was significantly reduced in the HG [41.1% vs. 67.4%, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26-0.57, P < 0.001] as well as the primary clinical endpoint (19.9% vs. 40.1%, HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29-0.86, P = 0.012). The trial groups did not differ in all-cause mortality (10.6% vs. 8.6%, HR = 1.17, 95%CI: 0.51-2.71, P = 0.71). The major complications of catheter ablation were infrequent (1.9%). CONCLUSION: Pre-emptively performed catheter ablation after the CryoMaze procedure was safe and associated with higher freedom from AF/AT and improved clinical outcomes.

• MeSH
• Anti-Arrhythmia Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Atrial Fibrillation * diagnosis   surgery   drug therapy   MeSH
• Catheter Ablation * adverse effects   methods   MeSH
• Hemorrhage MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Recurrence MeSH
• Tachycardia, Supraventricular * surgery   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

Avian (ortho)reovirus (ARV), which belongs to Reoviridae family, is a major domestic fowl pathogen and is the causative agent of viral tenosynovitis and chronic respiratory disease in chicken. ARV replicates within cytoplasmic inclusions, so-called viral factories, that form by phase separation and thus belong to a wider class of biological condensates. Here, we evaluate different optical imaging methods that have been developed or adapted to follow formation, fluidity and composition of viral factories and compare them with the complementary structural information obtained by well-established transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography. The molecular and cellular biology aspects for setting up and following virus infection in cells by imaging are described first. We then demonstrate that a wide-field version of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is an effective tool to measure fluidity of mobile viral factories. A new technique, holotomographic phase microscopy, is then used for imaging of viral factory formation in live cells in three dimensions. Confocal Raman microscopy of infected cells provides "chemical" contrast for label-free segmentation of images and addresses important questions about biomolecular concentrations within viral factories and other biological condensates. Optical imaging is complemented by electron microscopy and tomography which supply higher resolution structural detail, including visualization of individual virions within the three-dimensional cellular context.

• MeSH
• Inclusion Bodies, Viral MeSH
• Cell Line MeSH
• Microscopy, Electron MeSH
• Multimodal Imaging MeSH
• Reoviridae * MeSH
• Virus Replication MeSH
• Viral Replication Compartments * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The efforts have been made to review phyllosilicate derived (clay-based) heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production via lignocellulose derived feedstocks. These catalysts have many practical and potential applications in green catalysis. Phyllosilicate derived heterogeneous catalysts (modified via any of these approaches like acid activated clays, ion exchanged clays and layered double hydroxides) exhibits excellent catalytic activity for producing cost effective and high yield biodiesel. The combination of different protocols (intercalated catalysts, ion exchanged catalysts, acidic activated clay catalysts, clay-supported catalysts, composites and hybrids, pillared interlayer clay catalysts, and hierarchically structured catalysts) was implemented so as to achieve the synergetic effects (acidic-basic) in resultant material (catalyst) for efficient conversion of lignocellulose derived feedstock (non-edible oils) to biodiesel. Utilisation of these Phyllosilicate derived catalysts will pave path for future researchers to investigate the cost-effective, accessible and improved approaches in synthesising novel catalysts that could be used for converting lignocellulosic biomass to eco-friendly biodiesel.

• MeSH
• Biomass MeSH
• Biofuels * MeSH
• Esterification MeSH
• Catalysis MeSH
• Lignin MeSH
• Plant Oils * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH