immune memory
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Recent studies emphasize the importance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in altering the hematopoietic cell compartment of bone marrow and of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in inhibiting metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation. The data suggest that these lipoproteins may exert their inflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles by modulating innate immune memory. Targeting specific LDL-C and HDL-C subfractions could therefore potentially reduce the residual risk in hepatic and cardiometabolic disease.
- MeSH
- HDL-cholesterol * MeSH
- imunologická paměť * MeSH
- LDL-cholesterol * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přirozená imunita * MeSH
- zánět MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Non-immune cells, like innate immune cells, can develop a memory-like phenotype in response to priming with microbial compounds or certain metabolites, which enables an enhanced response to a secondary unspecific stimulus. This paper describes a step-by-step protocol for the induction and analysis of trained immunity in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells. We then describe steps for cell culture with cryopreserved vascular cells, subcultivation, and induction of trained immunity. We then provide detailed procedures for downstream analysis using ELISA and qPCR. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sohrabi et al. (2020)1 and Shcnack et al.2.
- MeSH
- buněčné kultury MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- endoteliální buňky * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myocyty hladké svaloviny MeSH
- trénovaná imunita * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- vycvičená imunita,
- MeSH
- adaptivní imunita MeSH
- bezobratlí imunologie MeSH
- imunita rostlin MeSH
- imunitní systém - jevy * MeSH
- imunologická paměť * MeSH
- obratlovci imunologie MeSH
- PAMP struktury MeSH
- přirozená imunita MeSH
- rostliny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
It is well established that lymphopenia induces the formation of the memory-phenotype T cells without the exposure to foreign antigens. More recently, the memory-phenotype antigen-inexperienced memory T cells were described in lymphoreplete mice and called virtual memory T cells. In this review, we compare multiple aspects of the biology of lymphopenia-induced memory T cells and virtual memory T cells, including cytokine requirements, the role of T-cell receptor specificity in the differentiation process, gene expression signature, and the immune response. Based on this comparison, we conclude that lymphopenia-induced memory T cells and virtual memory T cells most likely represent a single T-cell subset, for which we propose a term 'homeostatic memory T cells'.
- MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace imunologie MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie patologie MeSH
- cytokiny imunologie MeSH
- imunologická paměť * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfopenie imunologie patologie MeSH
- modely imunologické * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Maternal-fetal microchimerism is a fascinating phenomenon in which maternal cells migrate to the tissues of the offspring during both pregnancy and breastfeeding. These cells primarily consist of leukocytes and stem cells. Remarkably, these maternal cells possess functional potential in the offspring and play a significant role in shaping their immune system development. T lymphocytes, a cell population mainly found in various tissues of the offspring, have been identified as the major cell type derived from maternal microchimerism. These T lymphocytes not only exert effector functions but also influence the development of the offspring's T lymphocytes in the thymus and the maturation of B lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. Furthermore, the migration of maternal leukocytes also facilitates the transfer of immune memory across generations. Maternal microchimerism has also been observed to address immunodeficiencies in the offspring. This review article focuses on investigating the impact of maternal cells transported within maternal microchimerism on the immune system development of the offspring, as well as elucidating the effector functions of maternal cells that migrate through the placenta and breast milk to reach the offspring.
- MeSH
- chimérismus * MeSH
- imunologická paměť * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maternofetální výměna látek * imunologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Antigen-induced memory T cells undergo counterintuitive activation in an antigen-independent manner, which is called bystander response. Although it is well documented that memory CD8+ T cells produce IFNγ and upregulate the cytotoxic program upon the stimulation with inflammatory cytokines, there is only rare evidence that this provides an actual protection against pathogens in immunocompetent individuals. One of the reasons might be numerous antigen-inexperienced memory-like T cells that are also capable of the bystander response. Little is known about the bystander protection of memory and memory-like T cells and their redundancies with innate-like lymphocytes in humans because of the interspecies differences and the lack of controlled experiments. However, it has been proposed that IL-15/NKG2D-driven bystander activation of memory T cells drives protection or immunopathology in particular human diseases.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů * MeSH
- antigeny MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty * MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- imunologická paměť MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Článek podává stručný přehled o imunitních mechanizmech, ke kterým dochází po očkování. Klíčovou úlohu při vakcinaci hraje charakter podaného antigenu. Podle typu antigenu je možné v zásadě rozlišit tři odlišné způsoby, jakým imunitní systém reaguje na aplikovanou očkovací látku a zpracuje podaný antigen. Pro jednoznačnou odpověď na otázku zátěže organizmu očkováním chybí objektivní způsob hodnocení. Pečlivé zvažování kontraindikací, rizik a a individuální posouzení vhodnosti očkování u každého jedince je předpokladem racionálního přístupu k minimalizaci zátěže.
The article provides a brief overview of immune mechanisms developed as a result of vaccination. A key role in vaccination is played by the character of the antigen applied. Based on the type of antigen the immune system reacts to the vaccine in three different ways of processing the antigen. There is not an objective way for assessment of the stress on the immune system so that we are not able to say whether vaccination is a stress or not. A careful consideration of risks and contraindications and individual approach are basic conditions for a reasonable approach to this issue.
- Klíčová slova
- specifické protilátky,
- MeSH
- aktivní imunita MeSH
- antigeny T-independentní imunologie MeSH
- antigeny imunologie MeSH
- humorální imunita MeSH
- imunitní systém - jevy * fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- imunizace MeSH
- imunologická paměť fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- tvorba protilátek imunologie MeSH
- vakcinace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Persistence of immune response was assessed in adults aged >40 years (N = 596) following primary vaccination with combined hepatitis A/B vaccine or concomitant monovalent hepatitis A and B vaccines. Anti-hepatitis A virus antibody responses persisted for at least 4 years regardless of the vaccine used, with anti-hepatitis B surface antibody responses higher and more sustained in subjects who received the combined hepatitis A/B vaccine. Response rates to an additional dose of the same vaccine(s) used for priming were high.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hepatitida A - protilátky krev MeSH
- hepatitida A prevence a kontrola MeSH
- hepatitida B - protilátky krev MeSH
- hepatitida B prevence a kontrola MeSH
- imunologická paměť MeSH
- kombinované vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sekundární imunizace MeSH
- vakcína proti hepatitidě A aplikace a dávkování imunologie MeSH
- vakcína proti hepatitidě B aplikace a dávkování imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
... An overview -- The innate immune system -- B cells and antibodies -- The magic of antigen presentation ... ... -- Tolerance induction and MHC restriction -- Immunological memory and vaccines -- Immunopathology : ... ... the immune system gone wrong -- Cancer and the immune system -- A critique of the immune system. ... ... - Immunopathology: The Immune System Gone Wrong, 101 -- Cancer and the Immune System, 113 -- A Critique ... ... of the Immune System, 122 ...
3rd ed. vii, 134 s. : il. ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- imunita genetika MeSH
- imunitní systém anatomie a histologie patofyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- alergologie a imunologie