Transcription factors exert their regulatory potential on RNA polymerase II machinery through a multiprotein complex called Mediator complex or Mediator. The Mediator complex integrates regulatory signals from cell regulatory cascades with the regulation by transcription factors. The Mediator complex consists of 25 subunits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 30 or more subunits in multicellular eukaryotes. Mediator subunit 28 (MED28), along with MED30, MED23, MED25 and MED26, belong to presumably evolutionarily new subunits that seem to be absent in unicellular eukaryotes and are likely to have evolved together with multicellularity and cell differentiation. Previously, we have shown that an originally uncharacterized predicted gene, F28F8.5, is the true MED28 orthologue in Caenorhabditis elegans (mdt-28) and showed that it is involved in a spectrum of developmental processes. Here, we studied the proteomic interactome of MDT-28 edited as GFP::MDT-28 using Crispr/Cas9 technology or MDT-28::GFP expressed from extrachromosomal arrays in transgenic C. elegans exploiting the GFPTRAP system and mass spectrometry. The results show that MDT-28 associates with the Head module subunits MDT-6, MDT-8, MDT-11, MDT-17, MDT- 20, MDT-22, and MDT-30 and the Middle module subunit MDT-14. The analyses also identified additional proteins as preferential MDT-28 interactants, including chromatin-organizing proteins, structural proteins and enzymes. The results provide evidence for MDT-28 engagement in the Mediator Head module and support the possibility of physical (direct or indirect) interaction of MDT-28 with additional proteins, reflecting the transcription-regulating potential of primarily structural and enzymatic proteins at the level of the Mediator complex.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans metabolismus   MeSH
• jaderné proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• mediátorový komplex metabolismus   MeSH
• podjednotky proteinů metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans metabolismus   MeSH
• proteomika * MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Stem rust is an important disease of wheat that can be controlled using resistance genes. The gene SuSr-D1 identified in cultivar 'Canthatch' suppresses stem rust resistance. SuSr-D1 mutants are resistant to several races of stem rust that are virulent on wild-type plants. Here we identify SuSr-D1 by sequencing flow-sorted chromosomes, mutagenesis, and map-based cloning. The gene encodes Med15, a subunit of the Mediator Complex, a conserved protein complex in eukaryotes that regulates expression of protein-coding genes. Nonsense mutations in Med15b.D result in expression of stem rust resistance. Time-course RNAseq analysis show a significant reduction or complete loss of differential gene expression at 24 h post inoculation in med15b.D mutants, suggesting that transcriptional reprogramming at this time point is not required for immunity to stem rust. Suppression is a common phenomenon and this study provides novel insight into suppression of rust resistance in wheat.

• MeSH
• Basidiomycota patogenita   MeSH
• chromozomy rostlin genetika   MeSH
• duplikace genu MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• imunita rostlin genetika   MeSH
• lipnicovité klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• mapování chromozomů MeSH
• mediátorový komplex genetika   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nemoci rostlin genetika   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• odolnost vůči nemocem genetika   MeSH
• pšenice genetika   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• rostlinné geny genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

The mediator (MED) represents a large, conserved, multi-subunit protein complex that regulates gene expression through interactions with RNA polymerase II and enhancer-bound transcription factors. Expanding research accomplishments suggest the predominant role of plant MED subunits in the regulation of various physiological and developmental processes, including the biotic stress response against bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, the involvement of MED subunits in virus/viroid pathogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we investigated for the first time the gene expression modulation of selected MED subunits in response to five viroid species (Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd), Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd), Hop latent viroid (HLVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), and Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)) in two model plant species (Nicotiana tabacum and N. benthamiana) and a commercially important hop (Humulus lupulus) cultivar. Our results showed a differential expression pattern of MED subunits in response to a viroid infection. The individual plant MED subunits displayed a differential and tailored expression pattern in response to different viroid species, suggesting that the MED expression is viroid- and plant species-dependent. The explicit evidence obtained from our results warrants further investigation into the association of the MED subunit with symptom development. Together, we provide a comprehensive portrait of MED subunit expression in response to viroid infection and a plausible involvement of MED subunits in fine-tuning transcriptional reprogramming in response to viroid infection, suggesting them as a potential candidate for rewiring the defense response network in plants against pathogens.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• Humulus genetika   virologie   MeSH
• listy rostlin genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mediátorový komplex genetika   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny genetika   MeSH
• rostlinné viry MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• tabák genetika   virologie   MeSH
• viroidy genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biologické vědy
• NLK Obory
• biologie
• biochemie

Od doby prvního klinického popisu tohoto složitého bolestivého stavu v odborné literatuře W. S. Mitchellem v roce 1864 zůstává problém jeho patogeneze, diagnózy i terapie přes enormní zájem lékařské veřejnosti stále otevřený a velmi kontroverzní. Dá se říci, že teprve v devadesátých letech 20. (!) století došlo k určitému konsenzu v taxonomické oblasti díky iniciativě významných algeziologů, vedených Stantonem-Hicksem (podrobnosti uvádí dr. Neradilek v předchozím článku). Obecná klasifikační kritéria po nějaké době určitě naleznou své zastánce i mimo algeziologickou oblast, praxe se však podle mého názoru bude i nadále ubírat cestou ověřených osobních klinických zkušeností.

Since the first clinical description of this complicated pain phenomenon in professional literature by W. S. Mitchell in 1864 remained unsolved the problem of its pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. Despite deep engagement of physicians it is still open and very controversial. It is possible to declare that not earlier than around 1990 (!) a certain consensus in taxonomy was achieved owing to initiative of noted algesiologists under the guidance of Stanton-Hicks (details see in F. Neradilek´s foregoing article). General classification criteria certainly will find its supporters even beside the algesiology. Nevertheless the clinical practice according to our opinion, will find its direction through the mediation of verified personal clinical experiences.

• MeSH
• diagnostické techniky neurologické metody   MeSH
• farmakoterapie metody   MeSH
• komplexní regionální syndromy bolesti patologie   terapie   MeSH
• nezvladatelná bolest klasifikace   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Sudeckův syndrom patologie   MeSH
• sympatický nervový systém MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• buněčná imunita účinky záření   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny imunologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

• MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• epidemiologické metody MeSH
• Streptococcus pyogenes MeSH
• zymosan MeSH

• MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• imunitní systém MeSH
• imunizace metody   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
• nemoci přenášené klíšťaty imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• sliny MeSH
• tvorba protilátek MeSH

Mitochondrial dysfunctions belong amongst the most common metabolic diseases but the signalling networks that lead to the manifestation of a disease phenotype are often not well understood. We identified the subunits of respiratory complex I, III and IV as mediators of major signalling changes during Drosophila wing disc development. Their downregulation in larval wing disc leads to robust stimulation of TOR activity, which in turn orchestrates a complex downstream signalling network. Specifically, after downregulation of the complex I subunit ND-49 (mammalian NDUFS2), TOR activates JNK to induce cell death and ROS production essential for the stimulation of compensatory apoptosis-induced proliferation within the tissue. Additionally, TOR upregulates Notch and JAK/STAT signalling and it directs glycolytic switch of the target tissue. Our results highlight the central role of TOR signalling in mediating the complex response to mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction and they provide a rationale why the disease symptoms associated with respiratory dysfunctions are often alleviated by mTOR inhibitors.

• MeSH
• down regulace MeSH
• Drosophila MeSH
• Janus kinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• křídla zvířecí růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny Drosophily genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory Notch metabolismus   MeSH
• respirační komplex I genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce * MeSH
• transkripční faktory STAT metabolismus   MeSH
• tyrosinkinasové receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• imunizace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Streptococcus pyogenes MeSH
• zymosan MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH