OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to identify, catalogue, and characterize previously reported tools, techniques, methods, and processes that have been recommended or used by evidence synthesizers to detect fraudulent or erroneous data and mitigate its impact. INTRODUCTION: Decision-making for policy and practice should always be underpinned by the best available evidence-typically peer-reviewed scientific literature. Evidence synthesis literature should be collated and organized using the appropriate evidence synthesis methodology, best exemplified by the role systematic reviews play in evidence-based health care. However, with the rise of "predatory journals," fraudulent or erroneous data may be invading this literature, which may negatively affect evidence syntheses that use this data. This, in turn, may compromise decision-making processes. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This review will include peer-reviewed articles, commentaries, books, and editorials that describe at least 1 tool, technique, method, or process with the explicit purpose of identifying or mitigating the impact of fraudulent or erroneous data for any evidence synthesis, in any topic area. Manuals, handbooks, and guidance from major organizations, universities, and libraries will also be considered. METHODS: This review will be conducted using the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Databases and relevant organizational websites will be searched for eligible studies. Title and abstract, and, subsequently, full-text screening will be conducted in duplicate. Data from identified full texts will be extracted using a pre-determined checklist, while the findings will be summarized descriptively and presented in tables. REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework https://osf.io/u8yrn.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Fraud prevention & control MeSH
- Systematic Reviews as Topic MeSH
- Scientific Misconduct * MeSH
- Research Design standards MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Úvod: Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) patří mezi objektivní standardizované testy používané k hodnocení jemné motoriky. Obsahuje čtyři fyzicky prováděné subtesty, ve kterých je úkolem za omezený čas umístit do otvorů testovací desky co nejvíce součástek přesně podle instrukcí. Během testování často vznikají specifické situace, na které je potřeba ihned reagovat a následně je i zohlednit při počítání skóre. Cílem projektu bylo zjistit, zda ergoterapeuti z České republiky a Slovinska jednotně reagují na vybrané specifické situace během testování pomocí PPT a zda se shodují i na jejich vyhodnocení. Metodický postup: V roce 2021 proběhlo online dotazníkové šetření adresované českým a slovinským ergoterapeutům. Otázky obsahovaly i videoukázky šesti specifických situací. Respondenti měli uvést způsob, jak by na dané situace reagovali a jak by je vyhodnotili. Odpovědi 87 českých a 67 slovinských ergoterapeutů byly analyzovány s využitím deskriptivní statistiky. Výsledky jednoznačně potvrzují, že se ergoterapeuti ani v jedné zemi neshodli ve způsobech reakcí na vybrané specifické situace ani v jejich vyhodnocení. Znovupoužitý upadnutý kolík na testovací desku by započítalo 20 respondentů, dalších 17 uvedlo přesný opak. Většina ergoterapeutů (31×) by započítala pár kolíků, z nichž jeden nebyl zcela zastrčen do otvoru, zatímco 8 ergoterapeutů by ho nepočítalo. Kvůli dopomoci s manipulací s kolíkem druhou rukou během subtestu Obě ruce by nejvíce ergoterapeutů započítalo o jeden pár kolíků méně. Kvůli vynechávání otvorů při Kompletování by pokus ihned přerušilo 16 ergoterapeutů, zatímco 13 dalších to nepovažovalo za chybu. Nechtěně shozenou podložku z již hotového kompletu by nepočítala většina (23×) českých ani slovinských ergoterapeutů. Kvůli záměně pořadí rukou při tvorbě kompletů by 20 ergoterapeutů pokus anulovalo, zatímco 13 dalších by ho normálně počítalo. Závěr: Dotazníkové šetření potvrdilo, že jsou nová pravidla pro řešení specifických situací vznikajících během testování pomocí PPT a pro jejich vyhodnocení uvedená v České rozšířené verzi manuálu pro PPT zcela nezbytná pro jednotné objektivní testování v klinické praxi.
Introduction: Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) is an objective standardized test for fine motor skills assessment. It contains four physically administered subtests. The task is to place as many components as possible on the pegboard in a limited amount of time into holes exactly according to the given instructions. Specific situations often arise. It is necessary to react to them immediately and then take them into account when calculating the score. The aim of the project was to determine whether occupational therapists (OTs) from the Czech Republic and Slovenia react uniformly to the selected specific situations during PPT testing and whether they agree on their evaluation. Methodology: In 2021, an online questionnaire survey was addressed to Czech and Slovenian OTs. The questions included video demonstrations of six specific situations. Answers from 87 Czech and 67 Slovenian OTs were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results clearly confirm that OTs from neither country agreed on the ways of responding to the selected specific situations nor on their evaluation. Reusing a dropped peg on the test board would be counted by 20 respondents, with a further 17 stating the exact opposite. A pair of pegs, one of which was not completely tucked into the hole, was counted by 31 OTs and not counted by 8 OTs. A total of 16 OTs would immediately stop the attempt due to skipping holes during Completion, while 13 others would not consider it as a mistake. Due to the wrong order of the hands when making the assemblies, 20 OTs would invalidate the attempt, while 13 others would count it. Conclusion: The questionnaire survey confirmed that the new rules for dealing with specific situations arising during PPT and for their evaluation presented in the Czech extended version of the PPT manual are absolutely necessary for uniform objective testing in clinical practice.
Aim: The aim of this integrative literature review was to identify and synthetize empowering educational actions (EEA) that can be taken by nurses to support the empowerment of patients with long-term health problems. Design: An integrative literature review. Methods: The review followed methodology by Whittemore and Knafl. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus) were searched between January 2000 and October 2023 for relevant studies published in English. After complimentary manual searches, the quality of the included studies (n = 9) was assessed independently by two researchers using a tool by Hawker et al. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: Three main categories of nurses' actions were synthetized: supporting patients' knowledge and skills, supporting patients' well-being, and supporting trust-based relationships and collaboration. Conclusion: Empowering patient education (EPE) is essential in supporting patients with long-term health problems to manage their own health. Nurses use varied empowering educational actions as part of EPE. The review's results can be used to increase awareness and understanding of actions nurses can take to support empowerment of patients with long-term health problems as part of patient education both in clinical practice and nursing education.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gingivitis and periodontitis are common periodontal diseases that can significantly harm overall oral health, affecting the teeth and their supporting tissues, along with the surrounding anatomical structures, and if left untreated, leading to the total destruction of the alveolar bone and the connective tissues, tooth loss, and other more serious systemic health issues. Numerous studies have shown that propolis can help reduce gum inflammation, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and promote tissue regeneration, but with varying degrees of success reported. For this reason, this comprehensive systematic review aims at finding out the truth concerning the efficacy of propolis mouthwashes in treating gingivitis and periodontitis, as its main objective. DATA SOURCES: Research findings from 6 different databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed®, Europe PMC, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), BioMed Central, and Google Scholar, were retrieved and examined in addition to a manual search in the references lists. STUDY SELECTION AND SYNTHESIS: The PICOS framework was used to select and exclude studies. The focus was on clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effectiveness of propolis-containing mouthwashes in comparison with propolis-free ones for the treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis, employing related periodontal indices. Animal studies, microbiological studies, in-vitro studies, retrospective studies, case-control studies, cohorts, case reports, case series, reviews, letters, editorials, meta-analyses, and non-clinical randomized controlled trials (non-RCTs), all were excluded. A meta-analysis was not performed and data were only studied qualitatively due to the obvious heterogeneity amongst the studies. Data from the selected studies were extracted, and then the revised Cochrane's risk of bias tool (RoB 2.0) was utilised by two of the authors, independently, to evaluate the risk of bias in each study. RESULTS: At first, 151 results were reached, but then after removing duplicates, 99 records remained, and were later screened, assessed, and studied in full details based on the set PICOS criteria. Out of these 99 articles, ten studies were included in this systematic review, encompassing a total of 453 patients with an age range of (13-70) years old. Propolis mouthwashes with different protocols of application were the intervention whereas placebo or the rest of the tested mouthwashes such as, chlorhexidine, sodium fluoride with cetylpyridinium chloride, sterile distilled water, hydrogen peroxide, were the ones to which propolis mouthwashes were compared. Treatment duration extended from 14 days to 3 months and the follow-up period differed from 14 days to 3 months. In general, propolis mouthwashes decreased plaque accumulations and gingival inflammation in gingivitis patients based on the employed indices. On the other hand, the aforementioned tested mouthwashes other than propolis were deemed equally effective or even superior to propolis in some studies. As an overall assessment for the risk of bias, four studies were assigned as having a low risk of bias. Two studies were deemed to have some concerns, while four studies were identified as having a high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that propolis has shown positive effects in terms of controlling gingival and periodontal inflammation especially when used with mechanical methods, studies lack certainty and their power of evidence is low with no agreed gold standards. These conclusions come, for sure, within the limitations of this review, like having substantial variability amongst the included studies and the presence of studies with a high risk of bias. The findings demonstrate that propolis-based mouthwashes showed promising clinical outcomes in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation. However, it is highly recommended to conduct more rigorous trials with patient-reported outcome measures, extended follow-up periods, larger samples sizes, better-designed methodologies, typified propolis use, and with the implementation of similar indices in order to obtain more reliable, conclusive, and generalisable results. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024524523.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
PURPOSE: Ktrans$$ {K}^{\mathrm{trans}} $$ has often been proposed as a quantitative imaging biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response assessment for various tumors. None of the many software tools for Ktrans$$ {K}^{\mathrm{trans}} $$ quantification are standardized. The ISMRM Open Science Initiative for Perfusion Imaging-Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (OSIPI-DCE) challenge was designed to benchmark methods to better help the efforts to standardize Ktrans$$ {K}^{\mathrm{trans}} $$ measurement. METHODS: A framework was created to evaluate Ktrans$$ {K}^{\mathrm{trans}} $$ values produced by DCE-MRI analysis pipelines to enable benchmarking. The perfusion MRI community was invited to apply their pipelines for Ktrans$$ {K}^{\mathrm{trans}} $$ quantification in glioblastoma from clinical and synthetic patients. Submissions were required to include the entrants' Ktrans$$ {K}^{\mathrm{trans}} $$ values, the applied software, and a standard operating procedure. These were evaluated using the proposed OSIPIgold$$ \mathrm{OSIP}{\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{gold}} $$ score defined with accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility components. RESULTS: Across the 10 received submissions, the OSIPIgold$$ \mathrm{OSIP}{\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{gold}} $$ score ranged from 28% to 78% with a 59% median. The accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility scores ranged from 0.54 to 0.92, 0.64 to 0.86, and 0.65 to 1.00, respectively (0-1 = lowest-highest). Manual arterial input function selection markedly affected the reproducibility and showed greater variability in Ktrans$$ {K}^{\mathrm{trans}} $$ analysis than automated methods. Furthermore, provision of a detailed standard operating procedure was critical for higher reproducibility. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports results from the OSIPI-DCE challenge and highlights the high inter-software variability within Ktrans$$ {K}^{\mathrm{trans}} $$ estimation, providing a framework for ongoing benchmarking against the scores presented. Through this challenge, the participating teams were ranked based on the performance of their software tools in the particular setting of this challenge. In a real-world clinical setting, many of these tools may perform differently with different benchmarking methodology.
- MeSH
- Algorithms MeSH
- Contrast Media * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging * methods MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Software MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
V posledních letech začínají na neonatologických odděleních pracovat jako členové multidisciplinárního týmu také kliničtí logopedi. Vzhledem k absenci doporučeného postupu pro práci klinických logopedů na tomto typu oddělení se množí nejasnosti ohledně toho, jaké terapie je klinický logoped oprávněn provádět. Zajímal nás názor pracovníků neonatologických oddělení na to, zda považují klinického logopeda za kompetentního v provádění následujících typů terapií: vývojová péče, bazální stimulace, Bobath handling, respirační fyzioterapie a handling, viscerální manipulace, kraniosakrální terapie a metody CBF (cue-based feeding), tedy techniky responsivního vedení příjmu potravy dle klíčových znaků chování dítěte. Využita byla metoda dotazníku, jenž byl rozeslán do všech perinatologických center II. a III. stupně. Osloveni byli pracovníci následujících profesí: lékař, sestra, fyzioterapeut, ergoterapeut a klinický logoped. Na otázku, zda může logoped provádět vývojovou péči, bazální stimulaci, Bobath koncept a viscerální manipulaci, byl respondenty z řad lékařů, sester a fyzioterapeutů vyjádřen spíše souhlas, počty kladných odpovědí se pohybovaly v rozmezí 50–65 %. U otázky na kompetenci logopedů v provádění respirační fyzioterapie a handlingu a kraniosakrální terapie převažoval nesouhlas, ten vyjádřilo více než 90 % respondentů. Oproti tomu většina respondentů (97,5 %) souhlasila s názorem, že logoped může provádět techniky vedení příjmu potravy dle klíčových znaků chování kojence. Cílem tohoto článku je informovat pracovníky z řad lékařských i nelékařských profesí působících na neonatologickém oddělení o možnostech využití dalších podpůrných doplňkových terapií, které je klinický logoped po proškolení oprávněn vykonávat.
In recent years, clinical speech therapists have begun to assume roles within the multidisciplinary teams that care for neonates in neonatal wards. In the absence of a recommended procedure for the work of clinical speech and language therapists in this type of ward, there is confusion as to which therapies clinical speech and language therapists are authorised to perform. The objective of this study was to ascertain the opinion of neonatal ward staff as to the competence of clinical speech therapists in performing the following types of therapies: developmental care, basal stimulation, Bobath handling, respiratory physiotherapy and handling, visceral manipulation, craniosacral therapy and cue-based feeding (CBF) methods, namely guiding feeding according to the child’s key behavioural features. A questionnaire was distributed to all perinatology centres at levels II and III. The following professionals were consulted: physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and clinical speech therapists. When asked whether the speech therapist could perform developmental care, basal stimulation, the Bobath concept and visceral manipulation, the respondents from the medical and nursing professions, as well as physiotherapists, indicated that they believed a therapist to be competent in these areas, with the numbers of positive responses ranging from 50% to 65%. With regard to the question of competence in performing respiratory physiotherapy and craniosacral therapy, a significant proportion of respondents (more than 90%) expressed disagreement with the view that speech therapists are capable of performing these therapies. Conversely, the majority of respondents (97.5%) indicated that they believed speech therapists can effectively utilise feeding management tech- niques in accordance with the infant’s key behavioural features.
- MeSH
- Intensive Care Units, Neonatal MeSH
- Speech-Language Pathology * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Musculoskeletal Manipulations MeSH
- Infant, Premature * MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Professional Competence MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Léze lícního nervu vede ve všech fázích onemocnění k celé řadě funkčních, motorických i psychických omezení. Akutní terapie má v neurologii a neurochirurgii již dlouhou dobu definované postupy na základech evidence based medicine. V navazující rehabilitační terapii jsou však postupy nekonzistentní, terapie jsou aplikovány dle empirických zkušeností, s malou oporou v evidenci. V současné době jsou již některé postupy ověřovány, ale stále buď na malém vzorku pacientů, nebo pouze v jednotlivých oblastech. Např. v oblasti elektroterapie jsou metodiky nejednotné, bez jednoznačně definovaných doporučení. K účinku relaxačních metod, masáží a manuální lymfatické drenáže neexistují rovněž žádná přesvědčivá data. Pozitivně se jeví využití zrcadlové terapie a virtuální terapie s biofeedbackem, ale i zde je potřebné sjednotit postup a doplnit evidenci.
Facial nerve lesions lead to a variety of functional, motor, and psychological limitations in all stages of the disease. Acute therapy in neurology and neurosurgery has long defined procedures based on evidence-based medicine. However, in follow-up, rehabilitation therapy procedures are inconsistent, with therapies applied according to empirical experience with little support from the evidence. Currently, some procedures are already being validated, but still either in a small sample of patients or only in individual areas. For example, in the field of electrotherapy, methodologies are inconsistent, without clearly defined recommendations. There are also no conclusive data on the effect of relaxation methods, massage, and manual lymphatic drainage. The use of mirror therapy and virtual therapy with biofeedback is positive, but here too, there appears a need for standardization of practice and the addition of evidence.
Hranie digitálnych hier už väčšina Slovákov považuje za bežnú formu zábavy či psychohygieny. Pozitívny rozmer tohto behaviorálneho prejavu však dopĺňa aj rozmer negatívny. Ide najmä o prípady, kedy hranie digitálnych hier získa v priebehu času patologickú povahu, a rozvinie sa do plnohodnotnej psychickej poruchy – poruchy v dôsledku hrania digitálnych hier. Ako je však možné odlíšiť hranie, ktoré nespôsobuje osobe závažné problémy, od hrania, ktoré ich spôsobuje? Práve táto dvojznačnosť toho istého behaviorálneho prejavu, ktorá absentuje u látkových závislostí, spôsobuje odborníkom v oblasti psychického zdravia problémy. Jednoznačnú odpoveď neposkytuje čas strávený hraním, ani opis diagnostických kritérií v príručke ICD-11. Cieľom tohto článku je priblížiť čitateľovi aktuálne problémy spojené s novou diagnostickou kategóriou predstavenou v jedenástom vydaní Medzinárodnej klasifikácie chorôb.
By the majority of Slovaks, playing digital games is already considered as a common form of entertainment or psychohygiene. However, the positive dimension of this behaviour is complemented by a negative dimension. This is especially the case when playing digital games acquires a pathological nature over time and develops into a full-fledged psychological disorder - a disorder due to playing digital games. How is it possible to distinguish between gaming that does not cause a person serious problems and gaming that does? Ambiguity of this behavioural manifestation, which is absent in substance addictions, causes problems for mental health professionals. Time spent playing is not a clear-cut answer, nor is it provided by the description of diagnostic criteria in the ICD manual. The aim of this article is to bring the reader up to date with the current problems associated with the new diagnostic category introduced in the eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases.
BACKGROUND: Lumbar paraspinal muscles (LPM) are a part of the deep spinal stabilisation system and play an important role in stabilising the lumbar spine and trunk. Inadequate function of these muscles is thought to be an essential aetiological factor in low back pain, and several neuromuscular diseases are characterised by dysfunction of LPM. The main aims of our study were to develop a methodology for LPM assessment using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, including a manual segmentation process, to confirm the measurement reliability, to evaluate the LPM morphological parameters [fat fraction (FF), total muscle volume (TMV) and functional muscle volume (FMV)] in a healthy population, to study the influence of physiological factors on muscle morphology, and to build equations to predict LPM morphological parameters in a healthy population. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional observational comparative single-centre study was conducted at the University Hospital in Brno, enrolling healthy volunteers from April 2021 to March 2023. MRI of the lumbar spine and LPM (erector spinae muscle and multifidus muscle) were performed using a 6-point Dixon gradient echo sequence. The segmentation of the LPM and the control muscle (psoas muscle) was done manually to obtain FF and TMV in a range from Th12/L1 to L5/S1. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were evaluated. Linear regression models were constructed to assess the effect of physiological factors on muscle FF, TMV and FMV. RESULTS: We enrolled 90 healthy volunteers (median age 38 years, 45 men). The creation of segmentation masks and the assessment of FF and TMV proved reliable (Dice coefficient 84% to 99%, intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.97). The univariable models showed that FF of LPM was influenced the most by age (39.6% to 44.8% of variability, P<0.001); TMV and FMV by subject weight (34.9% to 67.6% of variability, P<0.001) and sex (24.7% to 64.1% of variability, P<0.001). Multivariable linear regression models for FF of LPM included age, body mass index and sex, with R-squared values ranging from 45.4% to 51.1%. Models for volumes of LPM included weight, age and sex, with R-squared values ranged from 37.4% to 76.8%. Equations were developed to calculate predicted FF, TMV and FMV for each muscle. CONCLUSIONS: A reliable methodology has been developed to assess the morphological parameters (biomarkers) of the LPM. The morphological parameters of the LPM are significantly influenced by physiological factors. Equations were constructed to calculate the predicted FF, TMV and FMV of individual muscles in relation to anthropometric parameters, age, and sex. This study, which presented LPM assessment methodology and predicted values of LPM morphological parameters in a healthy population, could improve our understanding of diseases involving LPM (low back pain and some neuromuscular diseases).
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Based on long-term and often frustrating experiences with the poor quality of tapeworms (Cestoda) collected throughout the world for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, and considering the increasing obstacles to obtaining new material, a simple, easy-to-use and illustrated methodological guide (manual) is provided. It focusses mainly on key steps in examining hosts, collecting cestodes from poikilothermous vertebrates except elasmobranchs, i.e., from ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii), amphibians and 'reptiles' (a paraphyletic group comprising all sauropsids except birds), and fixing them for subsequent morphological and molecular study. It is proposed that the following methodological points should be followed: (i) ideally only freshly euthanised hosts (not previously frozen) should be used for parasitological examination; (ii) hosts examined should be documented by photographs; host tissue should also be preserved for future genotyping if necessary; (iii) tapeworms should be detached carefully to keep the scolex intact and properly cleaned before fixation; (iv) a small piece of cestode tissue should be always preserved in molecular grade ethanol for DNA sequencing; (v) tapeworms should be fixed as quickly as possible after collecting them and while they are still alive, always using hot (heated) fixatives; this prevents unnatural contraction or deformation and ensures uniform fixation; (vi) each sample (vial) should be properly labelled (a unique code should be given to every cestode sample); (vii) vouchers of sequenced specimens (hologenophores or paragenophores) should always be preserved for identification, and deposited in internationally recognised collections. It is hoped that this guide helps researchers and students to properly process valuable material of cestodes to make it suitable for reliable identification including genotyping and comparative anatomy, which is a prerequisite for any subsequent ecological, biogeographical, phylogenetic life cycle or molecular study.
- MeSH
- Cestoda * MeSH
- Cestode Infections * veterinary parasitology MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Amphibians MeSH
- Parasites * MeSH
- Reptiles MeSH
- Fishes MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
