• MeSH
• hemodynamika MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NLK Obory
• fyziologie
• kardiologie

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hyperbarická oxygenace metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• spirometrie MeSH
• usilovný výdechový objem MeSH
• vrcholová výdechová rychlost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH

Preparáty připravené z jinanu dvoulaločného (Ginkgo biloba L.) – prastarého stromu, který roste na Zemi v nezměněné formě již více než 200 milionů let – obsahují unikátní látky zajímavých biologických vlastností. Početné klinické studie prokázaly, že extrakty z listů jinanu zlepšují kognitivní funkce. Jejich hemodynamické, hemoreologické a metabolické účinky se uplatňují při cerebrální, srdeční i periferní ischemii, při traumatickém poškození mozku, edémech i zánětech. Jinan nabízí slibnou pomoc pro seniory, pacienty s Alzheimerovou demencí i pro pacienty s cerebrovaskulárními poruchami.

Ginkgo biloba – venerable tree, growing on the earth in unchanged form more than 200 million years – containing unique compounds of interesting biological properties. Numerous well-controlled clinical studies have revealed that Ginkgo may improve the cognitive functions. The hemodynamic, hemorheological, and metabolic effects may have a role in treating ischemia, traumatic brain injury, edema, and inflammation. Ginkgo shows promise in patients with dementia, normal aging, and cerebrovascular-related disorders.

• MeSH
• demence MeSH
• Ginkgo biloba terapeutické užití   MeSH
• látky ovlivňující centrální nervový systém klasifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Although hypogonadism and SHOX gene haploinsufficiency likely cause the decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture rate associated with Turner syndrome (TS), the exact mechanism remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that muscle dysfunction in patients with TS contributes to increased fracture risk. The secondary aim was to determine whether menarche, hormone therapy duration, positive fracture history and genotype influence muscle function parameters in patients with TS. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a single university hospital referral centre between March 2012 and October 2013. PATIENTS: Sixty patients with TS (mean age of 13·7 ± 4·5 years) were compared to the control group of 432 healthy girls. MEASUREMENTS: A Leonardo Mechanograph(®) Ground Reaction Force Platform was used to assess muscle force (Fmax ) by the multiple one-legged hopping test and muscle power (Pmax ) by the single two-legged jump test. RESULTS: While the Fmax was normal (mean weight-specific Z-score of 0·11 ± 0·77, P = 0·27), the Pmax was decreased in patients with TS (Z-score of -0·93 ± 1·5, P < 0·001) compared with healthy controls. The muscle function parameters were not significantly influenced by menarcheal stage, hormone therapy duration, fracture history or genotype (linear regression adjusted for age, weight and height; P > 0·05 for all). CONCLUSION: Fmax , a principal determinant of bone strength, is normal in patients with TS. Previously described changes in bone quality and structure in TS are thus not likely related to inadequate mechanical loading but rather represent a primary bone deficit. A decreased Pmax indicates impaired muscle coordination in patients with TS.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kosti a kostní tkáň patofyziologie   MeSH
• kostní denzita fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nemoci svalů etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• svalová kontrakce fyziologie   MeSH
• svalová síla fyziologie   MeSH
• Turnerův syndrom komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zátěžový test MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• elektromyografie MeSH
• nemoci svalů patofyziologie   MeSH
• svalová kontrakce fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• vysokoškolské kvalifikační práce MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NLK Obory
• neurovědy
• neurologie

PURPOSE: Estimation of hip joint loading is fundamental for understanding joint function, injury and disease. To predict patientspecific hip loading, a musculoskeletal model must be adapted to the patient's unique geometry. By far the most common and cost effective clinical images are whole pelvis plain radiographs. This study compared the accuracy of anisotropic and isotropic scaling of musculoskeletal model to hip joint force prediction by taking patient-specific bone geometry from standard anteroposterior radiograms. METHODS: 356 hips from 250 radiograms of adult human pelvis were analyzed. A musculoskeletal model was constructed from sequential images of the Visible Human Male. The common body position of one-legged stance was substituted for the midstance phase of walking. Three scaling methods were applied: a) anisotropic scaling by interhip separation, ilium height, ilium width, and lateral and inferior position of the greater trochanter, b) isotropic scaling by pelvic width and c) isotropic scaling by interhip separation. Hip joint force in one-legged stance was estimated by inverse static model. RESULTS: Isotropic scaling affects all proportions equally, what results in small difference in hip joint reaction force among patients. Anisotropic hip scaling increases variation in hip joint force among patients considerably. The difference in hip joint force estimated by isotropic and anisotropic scaling may surpass patient's body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Hip joint force estimated by isotropic scaling depends mostly on reference musculoskeletal geometry. Individual's hip joint reaction force estimation could be improved by including additional bone geometrical parameters in the scaling method.

• MeSH
• anizotropie MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kyčelní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postura těla fyziologie   MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Shear wave elastography is a relatively new method of quantitative measurement of tissue elasticity. Assuming that malignant lesions are stiffer than benign ones, elastography may provide supplementary information for their discrimination. However, potential confounding factors impacting tissue stiffness should be investigated first. AIMS: The objective of this study was to measure the stiffness of selected tissues of the head and neck in a normal population and to evaluate its relationship to age, sex, and body mass index. METHODS: Stiffness of the thyroid, submandibular and parotid glands, masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscles, and cervical lymph nodes was measured bilaterally in 128 healthy volunteers (83 female and 45 male). At least 20 subjects in each decade of life (20-29, 30-39‥, 70+) were enrolled. Shear wave elastography was performed by a single radiologist in all the subjects. The stiffnesses obtained were correlated with age, sex, and body mass index. RESULTS: The mean stiffness was 9.5 ± 3.6 kPa for the thyroid, 9.5 ± 4.6 kPa for the lymph node, 11.0 ± 3.4 kPa for the submandibular gland, 9.0 ± 3.5 kPa for the parotid gland, 9.9 ± 4.1 kPa for the sternocleidomastoid, and 10.0 ± 4.3 kPa for the masseter muscle. A slight general decrease in stiffness with increasing age was found. BMI and weight had a small impact on the minimum and maximum stiffness values. The sex of the subject did not affect elasticity. CONCLUSION: The mean stiffness of healthy head and neck organs has a relatively narrow distribution around 11 kPa. The changes of stiffness with age, BMI, and weight that were identified are too small to have clinical impact.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• elastografie metody   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• krční svaly diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• parotis diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• pružnost fyziologie   MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• štítná žláza diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Low bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased fracture incidence are two extraintestinal complications associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to evaluate musculoskeletal traits and assess vertebral fracture (VF) rate in children and adolescents with IBD. Seventy patients with IBD with a median age of 13.8 years were included. The BMD and geometric parameters of the non-dominant tibia were assessed using pQCT. Dynamic muscle functions were evaluated using jumping mechanography. VFs were assessed according to the semiquantitative standardized method by Genant. The muscle functions adjusted for the patients' weight did not differ from the reference population. A low trabecular BMD (Z-score - 1.6; p < 0.001) and cortical thickness (Z-score - 0.7; p < 0.001) were found in children and adolescents with IBD. Conversely, an increased cortical BMD (Z-score 1.1; p < 0.001) was noted. No significant association was found between the 25-OHD serum levels and the bone or muscle measurements. One patient with asymptomatic VF was identified. CONCLUSION: IBD in childhood or adolescents affects bones but not muscles. Bone changes are independent of the 25-OHD serum level. A thoracolumbar spine X-ray should not be routinely recommended in children with IBD. What is Known: • Low bone mineral density and an increased fracture rate are the complications associated with IBD. • Bone strength and structural development is strongly dependent on skeletal muscle stimulation. What is New: • Children with IBD have altered bone density and geometry but normal dynamic muscle functions. • Thoracolumbar spine X-ray should be indicated on an individual basis in children with IBD.

• MeSH
• absorpční fotometrie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fraktury páteře diagnostické zobrazování   epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kostní denzita * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• svalová síla * MeSH
• trabekulární kostní tkáň patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Introduction: Ice hockey is a power-speed sport played on ice. The surface specification is very different from a normal surface, so it is important to look for the most appropriate measurements and specific off-ice tests that would better define ice-hockey performance. Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of rate of force development (RFD) in back squat with commonly used off-ice and on-ice tests. Methods: The research involved 15 junior ice-hockey players (181.8 ± 4.1 cm; 80.7 ± 8.8 kg; 18.4 ± 0.9 yrs) playing in the highest competition of Czech hockey. Players performed all tests in one day divided into 2 blocks - off-ice block (OFF) in the morning and on-ice block (ON) in the afternoon, respectively. The OFF contained 30 m sprint test with 15 m split (SP15; SP30), plyometric tests (broad jump - BJ; countermovement jump - CMJ), and a velocity squat protocol (VSP). Finally, in the ON was performed speed and coordination tests - 30 m forward skating with 15 m split (FW15 and FW30); 30 m backward skating with 15 m split (BW15 and BW30); Weave agility test (WAT); Transition test (TT) and Pro-agility test (PAT). Results: No significant results were found between RFD and coordination tests (TT, WAT, PAT) and CMJ. The significant correlations were found between RFD40kg and SP30 (r = -.865; p < .01) and BJ and RFD40kg, respectively (r =.649; p < .05). However, as the back squat loads increase, the correlation strength decreases between RFD and SP30 (r = -.677; p < .01 for RFD50kg and r = -.560; p < .05 for RFD60kg). Moreover, the strong degree of correlation were observed between RFD40kg and FW15 (r = -.699; p < .05) and also FW30 (r = -.705; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study show a significant relationship between the RFD and commonly used off-ice and on-ice tests.

There has been a boom of diagnostic devices allowing objectification of walking quality recently. This study is focused on the development of vertical reaction forces during the four months following total hip arthroplasty (THA - "total hip arthroplasty"). The main objective of this work is to describe what walking dynamics of patients looks like after THA. Whether four months after surgery, when patients completed the rehabilitation and spa treatment and put support away, the vertical reaction forces of both the affected and unaffected limb reached the values common among the "healthy" population. Another objective is to determine whether there have any walking dynamics changes occurred in four months after operation from the status before surgery and 2 months after the surgery. Information about the development of vertical reaction forces after THA can be used for correct timing of the rehabilitation process and can help the patient to return faster to normal life as well as extend the life of the implant.

• Klíčová slova
• vertikální reakční síla, dynamická analýza pohybu, totální náhrada kyčelního kloubu, fáze chůze, krokový cyklus,
• MeSH
• chůze fyziologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhrada kyčelního kloubu metody   využití   MeSH
• ortopedické výkony metody   využití   MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• pooperační období MeSH
• rehabilitace MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• svalová síla - dynamometr využití   MeSH
• výsledky a postupy - zhodnocení (zdravotní péče) MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH