OBJECTIVES: In our previous studies we found that both acute administration of CB1 receptor agonist methanandamide and repeated methanandamide pre-treatment prior to methamphetamine challenge dose elicited increase in the CB1 receptor mRNA expression in the mouse mesencephalon. As a reciprocal cross-talk is reported between the cannabinoid CB1 and dopamine receptors, that are highly co-localized on brain neurones, we targeted possible changes in relative expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNA in mesencephalon in mice sensitized by repeated treatments to methamphetamine stimulatory effects and cross-sensitized to methamphetamine by cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist methanandamide pre-treatment. METHODS: To confirm development of behavioural sensitization or cross-sensitization, respectively, we observed changes in locomotion using the open field test. Mice were treated repeatedly with either methamphetamine or methamphetamine after repeated pre-treatment with methanandamide. After each measurement of locomotion one third of animals were sacrificed and the brain was stored. RNA was isolated from the midbrain and used for reverse transcription and subsequent real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As in many of our earlier studies with the same dosage regimen we found in the behavioural part both development of sensitization to methamphetamine stimulatory effects after repeated treatment and cross-sensitization to them by pre-treatment with cannabinoid receptor CB1 agonist methanandamide. Real-time PCR analyses showed an increase in D1 receptor mRNA expression after the first dose of methamphetamine (that persisted also after the last dose of methamphetamine) and after the first dose of methanandamide (which also persisted after the methamphetamine challenge dose). In opposite a significant decrease in D2 receptor mRNA expression both after the first dose of methamphetamine and methanandamide (that persisted also after the methamphetamine challenge doses) was registered. Thus, our results suggest that both methamphetmine and methanandamide treatment can provoke changes in dopamine receptor density in mouse mesenpcephalon, the increase in D1 and decrease in D2 receptor subtypes.
- MeSH
- Behavior, Animal drug effects MeSH
- Dopamine Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Receptor Cross-Talk drug effects MeSH
- Arachidonic Acids pharmacology MeSH
- Drug Interactions MeSH
- RNA, Messenger analysis MeSH
- Methamphetamine pharmacology MeSH
- Mesencephalon drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Mice, Inbred ICR MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Random Allocation MeSH
- Motor Activity drug effects MeSH
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 agonists MeSH
- Receptors, Dopamine D1 drug effects genetics metabolism MeSH
- Receptors, Dopamine D2 drug effects genetics metabolism MeSH
- Drug Administration Schedule MeSH
- Central Nervous System Sensitization drug effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Although c-Fos protein is one of the principal molecules in intracellular signaling, c-fos gene disruption is associated with alterations in neuronal functions that do not correspond to its importance in function. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes of dopaminergic system together with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in c-fos disruption (KO). KO male mice showed an increase in D₁-like receptor (279% of WT) and D₂-like receptor (345% of WT) binding sites in the cortex. On the gene expression level (assessed by real-time PCR), lower quantities of D₁R-mRNA (0.64) and D₅R-mRNA (0.6) were found in females when compared to males in the frontal cortex, higher D₂R-mRNA in the parietal (1.43) and temporal (2.64) cortex and lower AChE-mRNA (0.67). On the contrary, female striatum contained higher level of D₂R-mRNA (1.62) and AChE-mRNA (1.57) but lower level of D₃R-mRNA (0.73). Hypothalamic D₁R-mRNA, D₂R-mRNA and D₄R-mRNA were higher in females (1.38, 1.63, and 1.68, respectively). Disruption of c-fos increased selectively D₅R-mRNA (1.31) in male parietal cortex, D₂R-mRNA (1.72) in male temporal cortex, and cerebellar D₂R-mRNA in both males (1.43) and females (1.42), respectively. In females, we found rather decrease in DR-mRNA. Multiple correlations in mRNA quantities (in WT mice) were found, which changed considerably upon c-fos KO. Main interactions in WT were inter-regional, CNS of KO underwent an extensive restructuring comprising intraregional interactions in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. These changes in DR (between others) could be considered as one of the adaptive mechanisms in c-fos KO mice.
- MeSH
- Acetylcholinesterase genetics metabolism MeSH
- Dopamine Antagonists pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Benzazepines pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Brain Mapping MeSH
- RNA, Messenger metabolism MeSH
- Brain drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Mice, Inbred C57BL MeSH
- Mice, Knockout MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos deficiency MeSH
- Receptors, Dopamine genetics metabolism MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation drug effects genetics MeSH
- Sex Factors MeSH
- Spiperone pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Tritium pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Protein Binding drug effects genetics MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
In this study, we propose substrate-independent modification for creating a protein-repellent surface based on dopamine-melanin anchoring layer used for subsequent binding of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) from melt. We verified that the dopamine-melanin layer can be formed on literally any substrate and could serve as the anchoring layer for subsequent grafting of PEO chains. Grafting of PEO from melt in a temperature range 70-110 °C produces densely packed PEO layers showing exceptionally low protein adsorption when exposed to the whole blood serum or plasma. The PEO layers prepared from melt at 110 °C retained the protein repellent properties for as long as 10 days after their exposure to physiological-like conditions. The PEO-dopamine-melanin modification represents a simple and universal surface modification method for the preparation of protein repellent surfaces that could serve as a nonfouling background in various applications, such as optical biosensors and tissue engineering.
- MeSH
- Adsorption MeSH
- Coated Materials, Biocompatible analysis chemical synthesis MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques methods MeSH
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions MeSH
- Blood Proteins chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Melanins chemistry MeSH
- Microscopy, Atomic Force MeSH
- Polyethylene Glycols chemistry MeSH
- Surface Properties MeSH
- Cattle MeSH
- Tissue Engineering methods MeSH
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission MeSH
- Protein Binding MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Cattle MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase analysis metabolism MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Cell Hypoxia MeSH
- Hypoxia pathology MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- RNA, Messenger analysis MeSH
- Mesencephalon MeSH
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
- In Vitro Techniques MeSH
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase analysis metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Animals MeSH
Novel porous boron-doped diamond (BDDporous)-based materials have attracted lots of research interest due to their enhanced detection ability and biocompatibility, favouring them for use in neuroscience. This study reports on morphological, spectral, and electrochemical characterisation of three BDDporous electrodes of different thickness given by a number of deposited layers (2, 3 and 5). These were prepared using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition on SiO2 nanofiber-based scaffolds. Further, the effect of number of layers and poly-l-lysine coating, commonly employed in neuron cultivation experiments, on sensing properties of the neurotransmitter dopamine in a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer media was investigated. The boron doping level of ∼2 × 1021 atoms cm-3 and increased content of non-diamond (sp2) carbon in electrodes with more layers was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetric experiments revealed reduced working potential windows (from 2.4 V to 2.2 V), higher double-layer capacitance values (from 405 μF cm-2 to 1060 μF cm-2), enhanced rates of electron transfer kinetics and larger effective surface areas (from 5.04 mm2 to 7.72 mm2), when the number of porous layers increases. For dopamine, a significant boost in analytical performance was recognized with increasing number of layers using square-wave voltammetry: the highest sensitivity of 574.1 μA μmol-1 L was achieved on a BDDporous electrode with five layers and dropped to 35.9 μA μmol-1 L when the number of layers decreased to two. Consequently, the lowest detection limit of 0.20 μmol L-1 was obtained on a BDDporous electrode with five layers. Moreover, on porous electrodes, enhanced selectivity for dopamine detection in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid was demonstrated. The application of poly-l-lysine coating on porous electrode surface resulted in a decrease in dopamine peak currents by 17% and 60% for modification times of 1 h and 15 h, respectively. Hence, both examined parameters, the number of deposited porous layers and the presence of poly-l-lysine coating, were proved to considerably affect the characteristics and performance of BDDporous electrodes.
- MeSH
- Boron * MeSH
- Dopamine * MeSH
- Electrodes MeSH
- Silicon Dioxide MeSH
- Porosity MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Perinatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) affects brain development and might increase the incidence of psychopathology later in life, which seems to be related to a dysregulation of endocannabinoid and/or dopaminergic systems. We here evaluated the transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding for the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (Cnr1) and the dopamine D2 receptor (Drd2) in perinatal THC-(pTHC) exposed male rats, focusing on the role of DNA methylation analyzed by pyrosequencing. Simultaneously, the molecular and behavioral abnormalities at two different time points (i.e., neonatal age and adulthood) and the potential preventive effect of peripubertal treatment with cannabidiol, a non-euphoric component of Cannabis, were assessed. The DRD2 methylation was also evaluated in a cohort of subjects with schizophrenia. We observed an increase in both Cnr1 and Drd2 mRNA levels selectively in the prefrontal cortex of adult pTHC-exposed rats with a consistent reduction in DNA methylation at the Drd2 regulatory region, paralleled by social withdrawal and cognitive impairment which were reversed by cannabidiol treatment. These adult abnormalities were preceded at neonatal age by delayed appearance of neonatal reflexes, higher Drd2 mRNA and lower 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) brain levels, which persisted till adulthood. Alterations of the epigenetic mark for DRD2 were also found in subjects with schizophrenia. Overall, reported data add further evidence to the dopamine-cannabinoid interaction in terms of DRD2 and CNR1 dysregulation which could be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, suggesting that cannabidiol treatment may normalize pTHC-induced psychopathology by modulating the altered dopaminergic activity.
- MeSH
- Behavior, Animal drug effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Maternal-Fetal Exchange MeSH
- RNA, Messenger metabolism MeSH
- DNA Methylation drug effects MeSH
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- Prefrontal Cortex drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 genetics MeSH
- Receptors, Dopamine D2 genetics MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation drug effects MeSH
- Schizophrenia genetics MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Dronabinol pharmacology MeSH
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Po mnoho let byla ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, resp. hyperkinetická porucha) považována za poruchu dětského věku, v posledních letech je však pozornost věnována i dalšímu vývoji jedinců s touto poruchou. Některé genetické studie naznačují, že ADHD perzistující i v adolescenci a dospělosti může více souviset s familiárními vlivy než porucha omezující se pouze na dětský věk.2 V předkládané práci se zaměřujeme na zjištění některých genetických nálezů a charakteristik kognitivního výkonu u ADHD a na vzájemné vztahy těchto dvou oblastí u chlapců s poruchou aktivity a pozornosti v adolescentním věku. Metodika: Zkoumány byly korelace mezi výskytem "rizikových" alel pro ADHD polymorfismů kandidátních genů a psychologickými charakteristikami souvisejícími s "jádrovými" příznaky poruchy (především poruchou pozornosti a impulzivitou) u 30 chlapců kavkazské rasy ve věku 13 až 18 let, splňujících diagnostická kritéria chronicity ADHD dle DSM-IV. Byla stanovena přítomnost "rizikových" alel polymorfismů genů pro DRD2, DAT1, COMT, MAOB, BDNF, IL 2, IL 6. Psychologické charakteristiky byly posuzovány pomocí testů d2, TE-NA-ZO a testů neuropsychologické baterie NES 2. Výsledky: Nebyly zjištěny korelace mezi polymorfismy genů pro DRD2, DAT1, COMT a IL 6 a psychologickými charakteristikami jádrových příznaků ADHD. Byly zjištěny korelace mezi polymorfismy genů pro MAOB, BDNF, IL 2 a určitými psychologickými charakteristikami jádrových příznaků ADHD. Závěr: Polymorfismy těchto genů pro MAO B, BDNF a IL 2 mohou mít vliv na výsledky psychologických testů souvisejících s "jádrovými" příznaky ADHD u adolescentních chlapců s touto poruchou.
Further development of subjects with ADHD is being investigated in these days. Some genetic trials suggest that persistent ADHD is more relative to familiar factors than only infant course of disorder.2 In this trial, we focus on associations between some genetic findings and psychological characteristics in adolescent boys with ADHD. Method: Correlations between a presence of "risk" allels for ADHD of polymorphisms of candidate genes and psychological characteristics related to "core" symptoms of ADHD (especially attention deficit and impulsivity) were evaluated in 30 Caucasian boys in age range 13-18 years, meeting criteria of chronic ADHD according to DSM-IV. The presence of "risk" allels for ADHD of polymorphisms of candidate genes (DRD2, DAT1, COMT, MAOB, BDNF, IL 2, IL 6) was assessed. Psychological characteristics in tests d2, TE-NA-ZO and the neurobehavioral battery NES 2 was assessed as well. Results: We did not find any significant correlation between polymorphisms of DRD2, DAT1, COMT a IL 6 genes and psychological characteristics of particular "core" symptoms of ADHD. We found significant correlation between polymorphisms of MAO-B, BDNF and IL 2 genes and psychological characteristics of particular core symptoms of ADHD. Conclusions: Polymorphisms of some candidate genes (MAOB, BDNF, IL 2) may affect psychological findigs related to "core" symptoms of ADHD in adolescent boys with ADHD.
- Keywords
- adolescence, ADHD, kognitivní,
- MeSH
- Gene Frequency MeSH
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics MeSH
- Genes MeSH
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity physiopathology MeSH
- Catechol O-Methyltransferase genetics MeSH
- Cognition classification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Monoamine Oxidase genetics MeSH
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor genetics MeSH
- Polymorphism, Genetic genetics MeSH
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins genetics MeSH
- Psychological Tests MeSH
- Receptors, Dopamine D2 genetics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
On-line SPE HPLC method using nanofibrous sorbents for the extraction and determination of resveratrol in wine was developed and validated. Different types of nanofibrous and microfibrous polymers were tested and compared with commercial monolithic C18 sorbent. Polyamide and polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and composite materials composed of respective polycaprolactone and poly(vinylidene difluoride) nanofibers at microfibrous scaffold were included among tested materials. Two different polycaprolactone-based materials were prepared and their effect on the extraction properties studied. Alternatively, dopamine-coated polycaprolactone fibers were also used. Poly(vinylidene difluoride) nanofibers/polycaprolactone microfibers composite was found as the most effective sorbent and utilized for the method validation. Resveratrol in red wine was determined using our validated on-line SPE HPLC method.
