transcript expression
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BACKGROUND: Apoptosis plays a critical role in cancer cell survival and tumor development. We provide a hypothesis-generating screen for further research by exploring the expression profile and genetic variability of caspases (2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and 10) in breast carcinoma patients. This study addressed isoform-specific caspase transcript expression and genetic variability in regulatory sequences of caspases 2 and 9. METHODS: Gene expression profiling was performed by quantitative real-time PCR in tumor and paired non-malignant tissues of two independent groups of patients. Genetic variability was determined by high resolution melting, allelic discrimination, and sequencing analysis in tumor and peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA of the patients. RESULTS: CASP3 A+B and S isoforms were over-expressed in tumors of both patient groups. The CASP9 transcript was down-regulated in tumors of both groups of patients and significantly associated with expression of hormonal receptors and with the presence of rs4645978-rs2020903-rs4646034 haplotype in the CASP9 gene. Patients with a low intratumoral CASP9A/B isoform expression ratio (predicted to shift equilibrium towards anti-apoptotic isoform) subsequently treated with adjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly shorter disease-free survival than those with the high ratio (p=0.04). Inheritance of CC genotype of rs2020903 in CASP9 was associated with progesterone receptor expression in tumors (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variability in CASP9 and expression of its splicing variants present targets for further study.
- MeSH
- cílená molekulární terapie * MeSH
- genetická transkripce * MeSH
- genetická variace * genetika MeSH
- kaspasa 9 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- kaspasy * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prsu * enzymologie genetika MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u nádorů * MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Cíl práce: Zhodnotit přítomnost exprese genů PAX5 a Shb ve tkáni povrchových uroteliálních karcinomů močového měchýře, posoudit její korelaci s patologií genu p53 a uvážit prognostický význam jednotlivých faktorů. Pacienti a metodika: Do studie bylo zahrnuto 61 pacientů s histologicky prokázaným povrchovým uroteliálním karcinomem močového měchýře. Exprese mRNA genů PAX5 a Shb ve tkáni nádoru byla detekována pomocí reverzní polymerázové řetězové reakce (RT-PCR) a výsledek byl vyjádřen semikvantitativně. Přítomnost mutací p53 byla zachycena pomocí SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) a potvrzena sekvenováním. K imunohistochemickému vyšetření p53 byla použita protilátka DO1, k vyjádření výsledku bylo použito semikvantitativní hodnocení pomocí HSCORE (HS). Kontrolní skupinu pro posouzení PAX5 a Shb exprese tvořilo 8 mužů, u kterých byl vzorek urotelu odebrán během operace pro benigní hyperplazií prostaty. Výsledky: Přítomnost exprese PAX5 a Shb byla prokázána u 50, respektive 52 pacientů s uroteliálním nádorem, ale u žádného z kontrolní skupiny. Mutace p53 byla zachycena u jediného pacienta s tumorem pTaG2 a byla lokalizována v exonu 5 (delece prolinu 128). Jaderná imunoreaktivita p53 byla přítomna u většiny pacientů, při použití prahové hodnoty HS 200 mělo 56,9 % nemocných pozitivní nález. Kvantita imunohistochemické pozitivity p53 nekorelovala s kvantitou exprese PAX5. Při použití prahových hodnot HS 200 pro p53 a 0,2 pro PAX5 mělo z 8 progredujících pacientů 7 nadprahovou hodnotu HS a 4 nadprahovou hodnotu PAX5. Závěr: Exprese genu PAX5 je častým nálezem u povrchových uroteliálních karcinomů močového měchýře.
The objective of the work: To evaluate the presence of the PAX5 and Shb genes expression in the tissue of superficial urotelial urinary bladder cancers, to judge its correlation with the p53 gene pathology and to consider the prognostic value of individual factors. Patients and Method: 61 patients with histologically proven superficial urotelial bladder cancer were included into the study. The mRNA expression of PAX5 and Shb genes in the cancer tissue was detected by the reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) and the result was expressed semiquantitatively. The presence of p53 mutations was recorded by SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) and confirmed by sequening. The immunohistological examination of p53 was made by using DO1 antibody and the result was expressed using semiquantitative evaluation by HSCORE (HS). 8 men created the control group for PAX5 and Shb expression evaluation. Their urotel sample was withdrawn during the operation of benign prostate hyperplasia. Results: The presence of PAX5 and Shb expression was proven in 50, let us say in 52 patients with urotelial cancer, but it was not proven in anybody of the control group. p53 mutation was recorded in one patient with pTaG2 tumour and it was localised in 5 exon (proline 128 deletion). Nuclear immunoreactivity of p53 was present in the majority of patients, 56,9% of patients had positive finding using the threshold value HS 200. The quantity of p53 immunohistochemical positivity did not correlate with the quantity of PAX5 expression. Using the threshold values of HS 200 for p53 and 0,2 for PAX5 the 7 of 8 progressing patients had supra-threshold HS value and 4 of them had supra-threshold PAX5 value. Conclusion: The PAX5 gene expression is an often finding in superficial urotelial urinary bladder cancers.
We describe the molecular etiology of β(+)-thalassemia that is caused by the insertion of the full-length transposable element LINE-1 (L1) into the intron-2 of the β-globin gene (HBB). The transcript level of the affected β-globin gene was severely reduced. The remaining transcripts consisted of full-length, correctly processed β-globin mRNA and a minute amount of three aberrantly spliced transcripts with a decreased half-life due to activation of the nonsense-mediated decay pathway. The lower steady-state amount of mRNA produced by the β-globin(L1) allele also resulted from a reduced rate of transcription and decreased production of full-length β-globin primary transcripts. The promoter and enhancer sequences of the β-globin(L1) allele were hypermethylated; however, treatment with a demethylating agent did not restore the impaired transcription. A histone deacetylase inhibitor partially reactivated the β-globin(L1) transcription despite permanent β-globin(L1) promoter CpG methylation. This result indicates that the decreased rate of transcription from the β-globin(L1) allele is associated with an altered chromatin structure. Therefore, the molecular defect caused by intronic L1 insertion in the β-globin gene represents a novel etiology of β-thalassemia.
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- alternativní sestřih MeSH
- beta-globiny genetika MeSH
- beta-talasemie genetika MeSH
- CpG ostrůvky MeSH
- dlouhé rozptýlené jaderné elementy * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genetická transkripce MeSH
- introny * MeSH
- inzerční mutageneze * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metylace DNA MeSH
- pořadí genů MeSH
- promotorové oblasti (genetika) MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- stabilita RNA MeSH
- umlčování genů MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
... Introduction -- 1 Introduction: Present and Potential Impact of Expression Profiling Studies of Human ... ... Applications -- 8 Characterization of Gene Expression Patterns for Classification of Breast Carcinomas ... ... Shawber, and Wei Liu 147 -- 10 Gene Expression Analysis of Prostate Carcinoma -- William L. ... ... Hruban 257 -- 15 Gene Expression in Ovarian Carcinoma -- Garret M. ... ... Staudt 329 -- 19 Gene Expression Profiling of Brain Tumors -- Meena K. Tanwar and Eric C. ...
x, 399 stran : ilustrováno ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární MeSH
- nádory * diagnóza genetika MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NLK Obory
- molekulární biologie, molekulární medicína
- onkologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
- MeSH
- časná diagnóza MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- genom lidský MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA analýza MeSH
- mikro RNA analýza MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- recenze MeSH
The human p73 protein is essential for normal morphogenesis and maintenance of neural tissue. Recently, several TP73 transcripts have been revealed in medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Here, we performed immunohistochemical analysis on 29 MB specimens using anti-p73alpha and anti-DeltaNp73 antibodies. Real-time PCR quantification was performed to assess TAp73 and DeltaNp73 transcripts in a subset of 13 MB samples. Normal cerebellar tissues and RNA were used for comparison. Pilot clinical-pathological correlations were also provided. We report significant differences for TAp73 and DeltaNp73 mRNA expression between tumor tissues and reference (P = 0.013, P = 0.028). Immunohistochemically, 52 and 29% MB samples were positive for p73alpha and DeltaNp73, respectively. p73alpha expression was found to be in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas DeltaNp73 was localized predominantly in the cytoplasm. In normal cerebellum, positive staining for p73alpha and DeltaNp73 was observed in the Purkinje cells of newborns, not adult samples, which supports the developmental role of TP73 during organogenesis of the human cerebellum. Survival analysis has shown negative relationship of DeltaNp73-immunoreactivity with overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) (P = 0.026 and P = 0.127, respectively). For p73alpha-positive cases, the negative trend in OS (P = 0.149) and EFS (P = 0.216) was also apparent. Our results indicate the involvement of p73 protein in MB tumorigenesis and define TP73 as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for medulloblastom.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- DNA vazebné proteiny genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meduloblastom genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- messenger RNA analýza metabolismus MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mozek metabolismus patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- nádorová transformace buněk genetika metabolismus MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery analýza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- nádorové supresorové proteiny genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- nádory mozku genetika metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- protein - isoformy genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u nádorů genetika MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
The molecular mechanisms behind the transition from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not clearly understood. This hinders development of effective therapies for treatment and prevention of NASH. In this study expression profiling data from normal, steatosis, and NASH human livers were used to predict transcription factors that are misregulated as mechanistic features of NAFLD progression. Previously-published human NAFLD gene expression profiling data from normal, steatosis, and NASH livers were subjected to transcription factor binding site enrichment analysis. Selected transcription factors that bind enriched transcription factor binding sites were analyzed for changes in expression. Distinct transcription factor binding sites were enriched in genes significantly up- or down-regulated in NASH livers. Those enriched in up-regulated genes were bound by transcription factors such as FOXA, CEBP, and HNF1 family members, while those enriched in down-regulated genes were bound by nuclear receptors involved in xenobiotic sensing and lipid metabolism. Levels of mRNA and protein for selected transcription factors were significantly changed during disease progression. The study indicates that NAFLD progression involves changes in activity or expression of transcription factors that regulate genes involved in hepatic processes known to be altered in NASH. Transcription factors such as PPAR receptors, FoxA family members, and HNF4A might be targeted therapeutically to prevent NAFLD progression.
- MeSH
- down regulace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nealkoholová steatóza jater metabolismus MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- regulace genové exprese fyziologie MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- transkripční faktory metabolismus MeSH
- upregulace MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- vazebná místa MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
RNA editing by targeted insertion and deletion of uridine is crucial to generate translatable mRNAs from the cryptogenes of the mitochondrial genome of kinetoplastids. This type of editing consists of a stepwise cascade of reactions generally proceeding from 3' to 5' on a transcript, resulting in a population of partially edited as well as pre-edited and completely edited molecules for each mitochondrial cryptogene of these protozoans. Often, the number of uridines inserted and deleted exceed the number of nucleotides that are genome-encoded. Thus, analysis of kinetoplastid mitochondrial transcriptomes has proven frustratingly complex. Here we present our analysis of Leptomonas pyrrhocoris mitochondrial cDNA deep sequencing reads using T-Aligner, our new tool which allows comprehensive characterization of RNA editing, not relying on targeted transcript amplification and on prior knowledge of final edited products. T-Aligner implements a pipeline of read mapping, visualization of all editing states and their coverage, and assembly of canonical and alternative translatable mRNAs. We also assess T-Aligner functionality on a more challenging deep sequencing read input from Trypanosoma cruzi. The analysis reveals that transcripts of cryptogenes of both species undergo very complex editing that includes the formation of alternative open reading frames and whole categories of truncated editing products.
- MeSH
- editace RNA * MeSH
- genom mitochondriální genetika MeSH
- genom protozoální genetika MeSH
- izoformy RNA genetika metabolismus MeSH
- mitochondrie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- RNA mitochondriální genetika metabolismus MeSH
- RNA protozoální genetika metabolismus MeSH
- sestřih RNA MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese metody MeSH
- Trypanosoma brucei brucei genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Trypanosomatina genetika metabolismus MeSH
- výpočetní biologie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Úvod: Tumorigeneze je spojena s deregulací Wnt signalizační dráhy, která se významně podílí na regulaci proliferace a diferenciace buněk. Mutace nebo deregulace exprese komponent Wnt dráhy se uplatňují v indukci řady chorob včetně vzniku karcinomu. V případě vzniku neoplastických změn ve střevu dochází k aberantní stabilizaci a akumulaci ß-kateninu, který i v nepřítomnosti Wnt signálů uniká destrukci a vstupuje do buněčného jádra. Zde vytváří transkripčně aktivní komplex, a tak dochází k zahájení transkripce řady genů včetně protoonkogenů. Otázkou je, co způsobuje akumulaci ß-kateninu (mutace nebo deregulace exprese určitých komponent Wnt signalizace) a zda deregulace v kanonické Wnt/ß-kateninové signalizaci není spojena se změnami nekanonické Wnt signalizace, která by se rovněž mohla uplatňovat v tumorigenezi. Cíl studie: Cílem práce bylo porovnat expresi vybraných komponent Wnt signalizace ve vzorcích neoplastické tkáně pacientů s kolorektálním karcinomem a v okolní makroskopicky zdravé tkáni. Materiál a metodika: Hladiny transkriptů vybraných genů Wnt dráhy byly měřeny pomocí kvantitativní PCR ve vzorcích tkáně získané od pacientů operovaných pro kolorektální karcinom. Výsledky: Neoplastická tkáň vykazovala zvýšenou hladinu transkriptů genů pro Axin 2, DKK1 a NKD1 a sníženou hladinu transkriptu pro sFRP1. U dalších studovaných genů (Axin 1, LRP5, ßTrCP, DKK2, DKK3 a ß-katenin) byly hladiny transkriptů v neoplastické i v okolní zdravé tkáni stejné. Závěr: Prokázali jsme, že neoplastická tkáň pacientů s kolorektálním karcinomem, která je běžně spojena s aktivací kanonické Wnt/ß-kateninové dráhy, vykazuje na úrovni mRNA změny v expresi 4 komponent Wnt signalizace, které působí tlumivě na Wnt/ß-kateninovou dráhu. Nález zvýšené hladiny NKD1 mRNA spolu s poklesem hladiny sFRP1 naznačuje posun Wnt odpovědí ve směru k nekanonické dráze, což by se mohlo uplatňovat v tumorigenezi. Data rovněž naznačují možnost použití NKD1 mRNA a sFRP1 mRNA jako markerů kolorektální karcinogeneze.
Introduction: The tumorigenesis is associated with deregulation of Wnt signaling pathway which is mostly involved in regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Mutation or deregulations of expression of the Wnt pathway components are able to inducel diseases including development of carcinoma. In case of the development of neoplastic changes in colon ß-catenin is stabilized and accumulated in cytosol without Wnt signaling due to a decreased rate of its degradation. It is translocated to the cell nucleus where it forms a transcriptionally complex and initiates inappropriate transcription of several genes including protooncogenes. The question is, what is the cause of ß-catenin accumulation (mutation or deregulation of expression of certain components of Wnt pathway) and whether the deregulation of canonic Wnt/ß-catenin signaling is accompanied with changes of noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways could also be involved in tumorigenesis. The aim of the study: The aim of the study was to compare the expression of selected components of Wnt signaling in specimens of neoplastic tissue and surrounding healthy tissue of patients with colorectal cancer. Material and methods: Transcript levels of selected genes of Wnt pathway were measured by quantitative PCT in specimens of tissue from patients operated for colorectal cancer. Results: Neoplastic tissue showed increased up-regulation of transcript genes for Axin 2, DKK1 a NKD1 and down-regulation for sFRP1 transcript. Other selected genes (Axin 1, LRP5, ßTrCP, DKK2, DKK3 a ß-katenin) showed no significant changes between neoplastic and normal tissue. Conclusion: We demonstrated that neoplastic tissue of patients with colorectal cancer, that is commonly associated with canonical Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, had increased mRNA expression of 4 components of Wnt signaling which are known to cause inactivation of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. The finding of NKD1 mRNA up-regulation and simultaneous sFRP1 mRNA down-regulation suggests the shift of Wnt response to the noncanonical pathway which might play a role in tumorigenesis. Our data suggest the possibility of using NKD1 mRNA and sFRP1 mRNA as markers of colorectal carcinogenesis.
- MeSH
- exprese genu genetika imunologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kolorektální nádory etiologie genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku metody využití MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- proteiny Wnt genetika imunologie MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese metody využití MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH