INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE: Mycobacterium (M.) chelonae is responsible for a half of relatively rare nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) keratitis. We report a case of M. chelonae keratitis in a woman following sclerocorneal suture extraction after cataract surgery. RESULTS: A 70-year-old woman presented with a red eye and corneal infiltration of her left eye six weeks following sclerocorneal suture extraction after an elective cataract surgery in another institute. She complained of a sharp, cutting pain and photophobia. Since initial corneal scrapes and conjunctival swabs proved no pathogen using culture and PCR methods, non-specific antibiotics and antifungal agents were administered. As keratitis was complicated by an inflammation in the anterior chamber and vitreous, samples of the vitreous fluid were sent for microbiologic examination. DNA of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was repeatedly detected. Since the intrastromal abscess had formed, corneal re-scrapings were performed and M. chelonae was detected using culture, MALDI-TOF MS and PCR methods. Therapy was changed to a combination of oral and topical clarithromycin, intravitreal, topical and intracameral amikacin, and oral and topical moxifloxacin. The successful therapy led to stabilization. The optical penetrating keratoplasty was performed and no signs of the infection recurrence were found. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis is difficult and often delayed. An aggressive and prolonged antimicrobial therapy should include systemic and topical antibiotics. Surgical intervention in the form of corneal transplantation may be required in the active and nonresponsive infection. In the presented case this was necessary for visual rehabilitation due to scarring.
- MeSH
- amikacin terapeutické užití MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * terapeutické užití MeSH
- atypické mykobakteriální infekce * diagnóza farmakoterapie mikrobiologie chirurgie MeSH
- fluorochinolony terapeutické užití MeSH
- keratitida * diagnóza farmakoterapie mikrobiologie chirurgie MeSH
- klarithromycin terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moxifloxacin * terapeutické užití MeSH
- Mycobacterium chelonae * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Although Francisella (F.) tularensis is a well-described and understood zoonotic pathogen, its importance in Central Europe is relatively minor and, as such, tularaemia may be missed in the differential diagnosis. The annual incidence of tularaemia in the Czech Republic is relatively stable with up to 100 reported cases per year, except in the epidemic years 1998 and 1999 with 225 and 222 reported cases, respectively. It is, however, higher in comparison with the neighbouring countries. The common route of transmission in Central Europe is handling infected animals. Tularaemia is not commonly recognized as a tick-borne disease. Here we report two rare cases of a tick bite-associated ulceroglandular form of tularaemia in 2.5-year-old and 6.5-year-old children presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy. The unusual and interesting features of those cases are the young age and relatively uncommon route of transmission suggesting possible changes in the epidemiology of tularaemia in the Czech Republic. Therefore, the infection with F. tularensis should be considered in the differential diagnosis after a tick bite even in infants.
- MeSH
- Francisella tularensis * MeSH
- kousnutí klíštětem * komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfadenopatie * MeSH
- nemoci přenášené klíšťaty * epidemiologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- tularemie * epidemiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The increasing antibiotic resistance of microbial pathogens isolated from farm animals tissues and the environment has been the one of the most important challenges associated with the use of antibiotics. In order to achieve better production on a farm, animal feed is enriched with antibiotics often originally intended for therapeutic purposes, which may lead to notable increases in microbial resistance. One possible approach to decreasing the excessive use of antibiotics in livestock as well as antimicrobial resistance is utilizing the antimicrobial properties of natural substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of natural substances including carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, gallic acid, octyl gallate, cnicin and usnic acid against a wide spectrum of microorganisms. Cnicin was the only compound which was isolated from the plant with use of column chromatography. The antimicrobial activities of these natural substances were determined on the basis of their minimum inhibitory, minimum bactericidal and minimum fungicidal concentrations using the microdilution method. This determination of antimicrobial activity revealed thymol and cnicin to be effective natural substances against all tested microorganisms. Octyl gallate had a strong inhibitory and bactericidal effect against gram-positive bacteria and was the most effective against Candida strains. Usnic acid was shown to have the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations for gram-positive bacteria. These results suggest the possible incorporation of natural substances in animal rearing in order to reduce the high amount of antibiotics which are not used directly to treat animal diseases.
- MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence MeSH
- antifungální látky analýza MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * analýza MeSH
- Bacteria MeSH
- Candida MeSH
- chov MeSH
- dobytek * MeSH
- indikátorové diluční techniky MeSH
- kultivační techniky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Staphylococcus argenteus (S. argenteus)je nový druh koaguláza-pozitivního stafylokoka popsaného v roce 2015. Jedná se o druh, který je fenotypově velmi podobný a geneticky úzce příbuzný se Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Odlišení bylo donedávna možné pouze s použitím molekulárně genetických metod; multilokusové sekvenční typizace a celogenomové sekvenace, které se v rutinních laboratořích vzhledem k časové a finanční náročnosti většinou nepoužívají. Velkým posunem v určování S. argenteus je aplikace metody MALDI-TOF MS, v případě použití aktualizované referenční databáze hmotnostních spekter. V krátkém sdělení bychom chtěli informovat o prvním potvrzeném kmenu S. argenteus izolovaném od pacienta v České republice a pravděpodobně i prvním publikovaném nálezu kmenu S. argenteus ve střední a východní Evropě.
Staphylococcus argenteus (S. argenteus) is a novel species of coagulase-positive staphylococci described in 2015. This species is phenotypically highly similar and genetically closely related to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Until recently, differentiation was only possible by molecular genetic methods, multilocus sequence typing and whole-genome sequencing, which are not generally used in routine laboratories due to time-consumingness and expensiveness. A major improvement in the identification of S. argenteus is the application of MALDI-TOF MS, if the available updated mass spectrum reference database is used. In the short report, we would like to present the first confirmed S. argenteus strain isolated from a patient in the Czech Republic and probably the first published S. argenteus strain in Central and Eastern Europe.
The aim of this study was to test the detection performance of the cpsA, lytA and ply genes through qPCR in the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae in respiratory tract samples. Specificity was tested on a panel of 128 streptococci and other bacteria DNA samples. The qPCR assay was tested on a total of 51 respiratory tract samples from patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The specificity of the cpsA, lytA and ply genes was 100%, 100%, and 86%, respectively. The quantitative assessment, based on lytA, determined a cutoff value of ~2x104, 4x102 and 4x102 DNA copies per 1 mL of valid sputum, tracheal aspirate and bronchial aspirate samples, respectively. The results from the present study suggest that qPCR detection of all three genes would be optimal in the accurate detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- dýchací soustava mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekce získané v komunitě * diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pneumonie pneumokoková * diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Streptococcus pneumoniae genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
We report the case of isolation of Bordetella trematum from the respiratory tract of a patient with lung carcinoma. This gram-negative, opportunistic rod was firstly described in 1996. To date, only several strains of Bordetella trematum have been isolated and reported, mostly from skin and soft tissue infections. The patient was admitted to the ICU of the Pulmonary Department in incipient septic shock with respiratory failure. Intravenous fluid resuscitation and non-invasive ventilation were administered immediately. A broad spectrum antibiotic piperacillin/tazobactam was administered empirically after sampling of material for microbiological examination. The bronchoscopy showed a large cavern of decayed tumour invading into mediastinum. Both sample cultures showed significant quantities of gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria. The isolate was identified using MALDI-TOF MS as Bordetella trematum and the identification was confirmed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. In the last few years, routine bacterial identification using MALDI-TOF MS has enabled correct discrimination of this species. Nevertheless, isolation of Bordetella trematum in clinical samples is still very uncommon, and it is appropriate to confirm the species identification via 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first case of B. trematum isolated from the human respiratory tract since its first description. The clinical significance of Bordetella trematum in the rapid deterioration of the patient's status remains unclear.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Bordetella účinky léků izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dýchací soustava mikrobiologie MeSH
- fatální výsledek MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Bordetella diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory plic komplikace MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Ten Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in a Czech hospital carried blaKPC-positive plasmids of different sizes (∼30, ∼45, and ∼80 kb). Sequencing revealed three types of plasmids (A to C) with the Tn4401a transposon. Type A plasmids comprised an IncR backbone and a KPC-2-encoding multidrug resistance (MDR) region. Type B plasmids were derivatives of type A plasmids carrying an IncN3-like segment, while type C plasmids were IncP6 plasmids sharing the same KPC-2-encoding MDR region with type A and B plasmids.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- beta-laktamasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Citrobacter freundii účinky léků enzymologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- enterobakteriální infekce farmakoterapie epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků enzymologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- izoenzymy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- karbapenemy terapeutické užití MeSH
- Klebsiella pneumoniae účinky léků enzymologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- Morganella morganii účinky léků enzymologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- otevřené čtecí rámce MeSH
- plazmidy chemie klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- transpozibilní elementy DNA MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Zavedením plošného očkování došlo k významnému poklesu incidence různých infekčních onemocnění virového nebo bakteriálního původu, která se v minulosti podílela na zvýšené morbiditě i mortalitě obyvatelstva. U spalniček, zarděnek, ale také příušnic se vzhledem k výlučně mezilidskému přenosu a antigenní stálosti předpokládá, že by v budoucnosti mohly být eradikovány podobně jako pravé neštovice. K tomu je však zapotřebí zařazení vakcín do národních imunizačních programů zemí, které proti těmto nákazám prozatím neočkují, a podpořit zvýšení imunizace ve státech s nízkou proočkovaností. Živé očkovací látky proti spalničkám, zarděnkám a příušnicím jsou k dispozici již více než 40 let a v současnosti poskytují vysokou protektivitu s minimem nežádoucích účinků.
The introduction of universal vaccination has led to significant decrease of infectious diseases incidence either bacterial or viral origin which had been participating in increased morbidity and mortality of population. Measles, rubella and also mumps viruses are supposed to be future candidates for eradication similarly as smallpox due to their human-to-human transmission and antigenic stability. However, it is necessary to introduce vaccination in national immunization programs of countries where vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella is not established and improve immunization rate in countries with low vaccination coverage. Live attenuated vaccines against measles, mumps and rubella diseases are available for more than 40 years and currently provide high protectivity with minimum side effects.
- MeSH
- atenuované vakcíny MeSH
- celosvětové zdraví MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morbidita MeSH
- Morbillivirus MeSH
- očkovací schéma MeSH
- příušnice * epidemiologie mortalita patofyziologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Rubulavirus MeSH
- spalničková vakcína dějiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- spalničky * epidemiologie mortalita patofyziologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- vakcína proti příušnicím dějiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- vakcína proti spalničkám, příušnicím a zarděnkám * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- vakcína proti zarděnkám dějiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- vakcinace dějiny metody MeSH
- virus zarděnek MeSH
- vymýcení nemoci MeSH
- zarděnky vrozené epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zarděnky * epidemiologie patofyziologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The genus Enterococcus is represented by some of the clinically important species and is well known for its antibiotic resistance, which participates in colonization and infection. Increasing resistance of enterococci has been evoked due to the excessive use of antibiotics not merely for therapeutic purposes or in indicated cases. One of the promising possibilities how to reduce the use of great amount of antibiotics is to utilize antimicrobial properties of natural substances. Usnic acid is a lichen compound possessing antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria including enterococci. Octyl gallate, gallic acid ester, has significant antibacterial and antifungal properties. This study was focused on the evaluation of resistant enterococci susceptibility to usnic acid and octyl gallate in comparison with control group of enterococci. Antibacterial activity of usnic acid and octyl gallate was defined as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC value) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC value). Usnic acid inhibited all tested enterococci in concentration range 4.7-37.5 mg.L-1. MIC values of octyl gallate for all tested enterococci ranged between 37.5-150 mg.L-1. In contrast to octyl gallate, bactericidal activity of usnic acid was not confirmed. Antibacterial activities of tested compounds were almost equal among resistant enterococci and control group of enterococci exhibiting great potential of usnic acid and octyl gallate for treatment of enterococcal infections.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence účinky léků MeSH
- antiinfekční látky farmakologie MeSH
- benzofurany * farmakologie MeSH
- Enterococcus * účinky léků MeSH
- kyselina gallová * analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lišejníky MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
