ALDH7A1 deficiency is an epileptic encephalopathy whose seizures respond to treatment with supraphysiological doses of pyridoxine. It arises as a result of damaging variants in ALDH7A1, a gene in the lysine catabolism pathway. α-Aminoadipic semialdehyde (α-AASA) and Δ1-piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C), which accumulate because of the block in the lysine pathway, are diagnostic biomarkers for this disorder. Recently, it has been reported that 6-oxo-pipecolic acid (6-oxo-PIP) also accumulates in the urine, CSF and plasma of ALDH7A1-deficient individuals and that, given its improved stability, it may be a more suitable biomarker for this disorder. This study measured 6-oxo-PIP in urine from a cohort of 30 patients where α-AASA was elevated and showed that it was above the normal range in all those above 6 months of age. However, 6-oxo-PIP levels were within the normal range in 33% of the patients below 6 months of age. Levels increased with age and correlated with a decrease in α-AASA levels. Longitudinal analysis of urine samples from ALDH7A1-deficient patients who were on a lysine restricted diet whilst receiving supraphysiological doses of pyridoxine showed that levels of 6-oxo-PIP remained elevated whilst α-AASA decreased. Similar to α-AASA, we found that elevated urinary excretion of 6-oxo-PIP can also occur in individuals with molybdenum cofactor deficiency. This study demonstrates that urinary 6-oxo-PIP may not be a suitable biomarker for ALDH7A1 deficiency in neonates. However, further studies are needed to understand the biochemistry leading to its accumulation and its potential long-term side effects.
- MeSH
- aldehyddehydrogenasa nedostatek genetika MeSH
- biologické markery * moč MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- epilepsie moč MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kyselina 2-aminoadipová moč analogy a deriváty MeSH
- kyseliny pipekolové * moč MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lysin nedostatek moč MeSH
- mitochondriální aldehyddehydrogenasa nedostatek genetika MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- pyridoxin nedostatek moč terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Smyslem krátkého sdělení je přehled výsledků a základních parametrů novorozeneckého laboratorního screeningu za 13leté období v České republice. Celková, kumulativní prevalence všech 18 screenovaných nemocí činila 1 : 1081. Nejvyšší prevalenci měla kongenitální hypotyreóza 1 : 2894; fenylketonurie 1 : 4960; cystická fibróza 1 : 6309; deficit biotinidázy 1 : 9253; kongenitální adrenální hyperplazie 1 : 12 190 a deficit acyl-CoA dehydrogenázy mastných kyselin se středně dlouhým řetězcem 1 : 22 833. Ostatní screenované nemoci vykazovaly prevalenci okolo 1 : 100 000 a méně. Podpora: Cooperatio PEDI UK pro FV; tým z KPDPM VFN a 1. LF UK byl podpořen institucionálně z RVO-VFN 64165.
The aim of this short article is to summarize the results and basic performance metrics of newborn laboratory screening from a 13-year period in the Czech Republic. The total cumulative prevalence of all 18 screened diseases was 1 : 1081. The highest prevalence was in congenital hypothyroidism 1 : 2894; phenylketonuria 1 : 4 960; cystic fibrosis 1 : 6309; biotinidase deficiency 1 : 9253; congenital adrenal hyperplasia 1 : 12 190 and medium-chain fatty acid acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency 1 : 22 833. The other screened diseases showed a prevalence of about 1 : 100 000 or less.
- MeSH
- falešně negativní reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- novorozenecký screening * MeSH
- vrozené poruchy metabolismu MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Deficit kobalaminu (Cbl, B12) se projevuje v kojeneckém věku neprospíváním, makrocytární anemií, hypotonií, opožděním/regresem vývoje, mikrocefalií a epilepsií. Jednou z příčin deficitu B12 u novorozenců je in utero získaný deficit maternálního původu. Po vzoru jiných zemí EU představujeme průběžné výsledky pilotního projektu novorozeneckého laboratorního screeningu (NLS) deficitu Cbl probíhajícího na spolupracujících pražských pracovištích. Metody: Pro podezření na deficit B12 stačí odchylka alespoň 1 primárního markeru: propionylkarnitin > 3,8 μmol/l, poměr propionylkarnitin/acetylkarnitin > 0,3, methionin < 7 μmol/l, poměr propionylkarnitin/methionin > 0,5 (stanoveno tandemovou hmotnostní spektrometrií). Jako druhostupňové markery využíváme kyselinu methylmalonovou (MMA) > 2,5 μmol/l a celkový homocystein (tHcy) > 12 μmol/l. U pozitivních nálezů provádíme u novorozence i matky test vstřebávání Cbl a stanovujeme celkový B12 (stanoveno elektrochemiluminiscenční imunoanalýzou), holoTC (stanoveno chemiluminiscenční imunoanalýzou), foláty (stanoveno elektrochemiluminiscenční imunoanalýzou), sérovou MMA (stanoveno kapalinovou chromatografií s tandemovou hmotnostní spektrometrií), tHcy (stanoveno vysokoúčinnou kapalinovou chromatografií) a vybrané sirné metabolity. U matek dále stanovujeme markery chronické gastritidy. Výsledky: K 21. 02. 2024 byl deficit B12 vyšetřen v 20 419 krevních kapkách (86,1 % z celkového počtu odebraných vzorků). 863 novorozenců mělo pozitivní alespoň 1 z prvostupňových markerů (2nd tier 4,2 %). Celkově jsme zachytili 6 novorozenců s elevovanými hodnotami MMA, ve 4 případech se jednalo o pravou pozitivitu, 1 případ byl falešně pozitivní, 1 případ byl záchyt kombinované malonové/methylmalonové acidurie. V našich předběžných výsledcích dosahoval neonatální deficit B12 incidenci 1 : 5105 (95% CI 1 : 1994 – 1 : 8735). Závěr: Předběžná data z naší studie prokazují vysokou incidenci neonatálního deficitu B12 ve spolupracujících pražských porodnicích. Výsledky mohou sloužit jako vědecký podklad k rozšíření NLS v České republice. Práce vznikla s podporou grantového projektu AZV NU22-07-00126, RVO-VFN64165 a programu Cooperatio, vědní oblasti „Pediatrie“ a „Metabolické a endokrinní nemoci“.
Cobalamin (Cbl, B12) deficiency manifests in infancy as failure to thrive, macrocytic anemia, hypotonia, developmental delay/regression, microcephaly, and epilepsy. One of the causes of B12 deficiency in newborns is in-utero acquired deficiency caused by maternal deficiency. Following the example of other EU countries, we present interim data from a pilot project of newborn laboratory screening (NLS) for Cbl deficiency, which has been conducted at cooperating Prague hospitals. Methods: At least one abnormal primary marker is required for suspected B12 deficiency: propionylcarnitine > 3.8 μmol/l, propionylcarnitine/acetylcarnitine ratio > 0.3, methionine < 7 μmol/l, propionylcarnitine/methionine ratio > 0.5 (determined by tandem mass spectrometry). Secondary markers include methylmalonic acid (MMA) > 2.5 μmol/l and total homocysteine (tHcy) > 12 μmol/l. In the case of NLS positivity, both the newborn and the mother undergo a Cbl absorption test. We determine total B12 (measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay), holoTC (measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay), folates (measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay), serum MMA
This review summarises progress in the research of homocystinuria (HCU) in the past three decades. HCU due to cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) was discovered in 1962, and Prof. Jan Peter Kraus summarised developments in the field in the first-ever Komrower lecture in 1993. In the past three decades, significant advancements have been achieved in the biology of CBS, including gene organisation, tissue expression, 3D structures, and regulatory mechanisms. Renewed interest in CBS arose in the late 1990s when this enzyme was implicated in biogenesis of H2S. Advancements in genetic and biochemical techniques enabled the identification of several hundreds of pathogenic CBS variants and the misfolding of missense mutations as a common mechanism. Several cellular, invertebrate and murine HCU models allowed us to gain insights into functional and metabolic pathophysiology of the disease. Establishing the E-HOD consortium and patient networks, HCU Network Australia and HCU Network America, offered new possibilities for acquiring clinical data in registries and data on patients' quality of life. A recent analysis of data from the E-HOD registry showed that the clinical variability of HCU is broad, extending from severe childhood disease to milder (late) adulthood forms, which typically respond to pyridoxine. Pyridoxine responsiveness appears to be the key factor determining the clinical course of HCU. Increased awareness about HCU played a role in developing novel therapies, such as gene therapy, correction of misfolding by chaperones, removal of methionine from the gut and enzyme therapies that decrease homocysteine or methionine in the circulation.
BACKGROUND: Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS)-deficient homocystinuria (HCU) is an inherited disorder of sulfur amino acid metabolism with varying severity and organ complications, and a limited knowledge about underlying pathophysiological processes. Here we aimed at getting an in-depth insight into disease mechanisms using a transgenic mouse model of HCU (I278T). METHODS: We assessed metabolic, proteomic and sphingolipidomic changes, and mitochondrial function in tissues and body fluids of I278T mice and WT controls. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of methionine-restricted diet (MRD) in I278T mice. RESULTS: In WT mice, we observed a distinct tissue/body fluid compartmentalization of metabolites with up to six-orders of magnitude differences in concentrations among various organs. The I278T mice exhibited the anticipated metabolic imbalance with signs of an increased production of hydrogen sulfide and disturbed persulfidation of free aminothiols. HCU resulted in a significant dysregulation of liver proteome affecting biological oxidations, conjugation of compounds, and metabolism of amino acids, vitamins, cofactors and lipids. Liver sphingolipidomics indicated upregulation of the pro-proliferative sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway. Liver mitochondrial function of HCU mice did not seem to be impaired compared to controls. MRD in I278T mice improved metabolic balance in all tissues and substantially reduced dysregulation of liver proteome. CONCLUSION: The study highlights distinct tissue compartmentalization of sulfur-related metabolites in normal mice, extensive metabolome, proteome and sphingolipidome disruptions in I278T mice, and the efficacy of MRD to alleviate some of the HCU-related biochemical abnormalities.
- MeSH
- cystathionin-beta-synthasa * metabolismus nedostatek genetika MeSH
- homocystinurie * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- játra * metabolismus MeSH
- lipidomika metody MeSH
- metabolomika * metody MeSH
- mitochondrie metabolismus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- myši transgenní * MeSH
- myši MeSH
- proteom metabolismus MeSH
- proteomika * metody MeSH
- sfingolipidy * metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: In animals, dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health, possibly mediated by altering sulfur amino acid metabolism and enhanced anti-obesogenic processes in adipose tissue. AIM: To assess the effects of SAAR over time on the plasma and urine SAA-related metabolites (sulfurome) in humans with overweight and obesity, and explore whether such changes were associated with body weight, body fat and adipose tissue gene expression. METHODS: Fifty-nine subjects were randomly allocated to SAAR (∼2 g SAA, n = 31) or a control diet (∼5.6 g SAA, n = 28) consisting of plant-based whole-foods and supplemented with capsules to titrate contents of SAA. Sulfurome metabolites in plasma and urine at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks were measured using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. mRNA-sequencing of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) was performed to assess changes in gene expression. Data were analyzed with mixed model regression. Principal component analyses (PCA) were performed on the sulfurome data to identify potential signatures characterizing the response to SAAR. RESULTS: SAAR led to marked decrease of the main urinary excretion product sulfate (p < 0.001) and plasma and/or 24-h urine concentrations of cystathionine, sulfite, thiosulfate, H2S, hypotaurine and taurine. PCA revealed a distinct metabolic signature related to decreased transsulfuration and H2S catabolism that predicted greater weight loss and android fat mass loss in SAAR vs. controls (all pinteraction < 0.05). This signature correlated positively with scWAT expression of genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transport and β-oxidation (FDR = 0.02). CONCLUSION: SAAR leads to distinct alterations of the plasma and urine sulfurome in humans, and predicted increased loss of weight and android fat mass, and adipose tissue lipolytic gene expression in scWAT. Our data suggest that SAA are linked to obesogenic processes and that SAAR may be useful for obesity and related disorders. TRIAL IDENTIFIER: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04701346.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny sírové * metabolismus krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolom MeSH
- nadváha * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- obezita * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- tuková tkáň * metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity. METHODS: N = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2 g/day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6 g/day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex. RESULTS: SAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls (β 95% CI - 1.14 (- 2.04, - 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/study/NCT04701346.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny sírové * MeSH
- hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
- ketolátky MeSH
- leptin MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha * MeSH
- obezita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS)-deficient homocystinuria (HCU) is the most common inborn error of sulfur amino acid metabolism. The pyridoxine non-responsive form of the disease manifests itself by massively increasing plasma and tissue concentrations of homocysteine, a toxic intermediate of methionine metabolism that is thought to be the major cause of clinical complications including skeletal deformities, connective tissue defects, thromboembolism and cognitive impairment. The current standard of care involves significant dietary interventions that, despite being effective, often adversely affect quality of life of HCU patients, leading to poor adherence to therapy and inadequate biochemical control with clinical complications. In recent years, the unmet need for better therapeutic options has resulted in development of novel enzyme and gene therapies and exploration of pharmacological approaches to rescue CBS folding defects caused by missense pathogenic mutations. Here, we review scientific evidence and current state of affairs in development of recent approaches to treat HCU.
- MeSH
- cystathionin-beta-synthasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- homocystinurie * farmakoterapie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- missense mutace MeSH
- tromboembolie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Elevated total plasma homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia) is a marker of cardiovascular, thrombotic, and neuropsychological disease. It has multiple causes, including the common nutritional vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. However, some rare but treatable, inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) characterized by hyperhomocysteinemia can be missed due to variable presentations and the lack of awareness. The aim of this study is to identify undiagnosed IEM in adults with significantly elevated homocysteine using key existing clinical data points, then IEM specific treatment can be offered to improve outcome. We conducted a retrospective study with data mining and chart review of patients with plasma total homocysteine >30 μmol/L over a two-year period. We offer biochemical and genetic testing to patients with significant hyperhomocysteinemia without a clear explanation to diagnose IEM. We identified 22 subjects with significant hyperhomocysteinemia but no clear explanation. Subsequently, we offered genetic testing to seven patients and diagnosed one patient with classic homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. With treatment, she lowered her plasma homocysteine and improved her health. This study stresses the importance of a thorough investigation of hyperhomocysteinemia in adults to identify rare but treatable IEM. We propose a metabolic evaluation algorithm for elevated homocysteine levels.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- homocystein MeSH
- homocystinurie * diagnóza genetika MeSH
- hyperhomocysteinemie * diagnóza genetika MeSH
- kyselina listová MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- vitamin B 12 terapeutické užití MeSH
- vrozené poruchy metabolismu * diagnóza genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Agentury pro zdravotnický výzkum MZ ČR
nestr.
Sulfur amino acids are essential nutrients needed for proteosynthesis and production of compounds that are necessary for methylations and redox reactions. Homocysteine is an intermediate in the intracellular methionine turnover and may serve as a universal marker of sulfur metabolism. Each year about 65,000-74,000 total homocysteine analyses are performed in the Czech Republic and about 1% are grossly abnormal. These abnormalities may be caused by unrecognized B-vitamin deficiencies, severe genetic defects and other culprits. This project is focused on systematic analysis of the causes of intermediate hyperhomocysteinemia and of hypohomocysteinemia in the Czech population as a basis for personalized management. The project aims are as follows: as/to identify subject with severely abnormal total homocysteine concentrations in collaborating departments, b/to examine etiology by a combination of targeted vitamin analysis, analysis of sulfur compounds and next generation sequencing, and c/to develop national recommendations on total homocysteine testing and patient care.
Aminokyseliny obsahující síru jsou esenciálními složkami potravy a slouží k syntéze bílkovin a dalších sloučenin nezbytných pro methylační a redoxní reakce. Homocystein je meziproduktem při intracelulárních přeměnách methioninu a je považován za univerzální marker metabolismu sirných látek. V České republice se každoročně provede 65 000-74 000 vyšetření celkového homocysteinu a přibližně 1% výsledků má výrazně abnormální hodnoty. Tyto abnormality mohou být způsobené nerozpoznanými deficity vitaminů skupiny B, závažnými genetickými nemocemi a dalšími příčinami. Předmětem tohoto projektu je systematická analýza příčin výrazné hyperhomocysteinemie a hypohomocysteinemie v české populaci jako podklad pro personalizovanou péči. Řešení projektu má následující cíle: a/identifikovat osoby s výrazně abnormálními koncentracemi celkového homocysteinu ve spolupracujících pracovištích; b/vyšetřit příčinu kombinací cílené analýzy vitaminů a sirných sloučenin a dále metodami sekvenování nové generace a c/vypracovat národní doporučení pro vyšetřování celkového homocysteinu a následnou péči.
- Klíčová slova
- genetika, genetics, sekvenování nové generace (NGS), foláty, homocystein, homocystinurie, vitamin B12, homocystinuria, Metabolomika, Metabolomics, vitamín B12, Hyperhomocysteinemie, Hypohomocysteinemie, Homocysteine, Hyperhomocysteinemia, Hypohomocysteinemia, Folates, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS),
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR
