Beneficial effects of sesame lignans, especially antioxidative effects, have been widely reported; however, its potential effects on autonomic nerves have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of sesame lignans on the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic nerve activity in rat skeletal muscle was measured using electrophysiological approaches, with blood flow determined using the laser Doppler method. Sesame lignans were administered intragastrically at 2 and 20 mg/kg, and after 60 min, the sympathetic nerve activity was observed to increase by 45.2% and 66.1%, respectively. A significant increase in blood flow (39.6%) was also observed for the 20-mg/kg dose when measured at 55 min after administration. These sympathomimetic effects were completely prevented by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, and the increase in blood flow was eliminated in the presence of the beta2-adrenergic receptor inhibitor butoxamine. Thus, it is proposed that sesame lignans can increase the blood flow of skeletal muscle, possibly by exciting sympathetic nerve activity through the afferent vagal nerve.
- MeSH
- hemodynamika účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- kosterní svaly krevní zásobení účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lignany izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- rychlost toku krve účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- Sesamum * MeSH
- sympatická vlákna postgangliová účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The role of the glycocalyx of arterial resistance vessels in regulating blood flow in vivo is not fully understood. Therefore, the effect of glycocalyx damage using two separate compounds, hyaluronidase and N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), was evaluated in the iliac artery vascular bed of the anaesthetised pig. Blood flow and pressure were measured in the iliac, an adjustable snare was applied to the iliac above the pressure and flow measurement site to induce step decreases (3 occlusions at 3-4 min intervals were performed for each infusion) in blood flow, and hence iliac pressure, and vascular conductance (flow/pressure) was calculated. Saline, hyaluronidase (14 and 28 microg/ml/min), and fMLP (1 microM/min) were infused separately, downstream of the adjustable snare and their effect on arterial conductance assessed. Hyaluronidase at the higher infusion rate and fMLP both caused a reduction in arterial conductance, and hence an increase in blood flow resistance. In conclusion, the results show that glycocalyx damage causes an increase in resistance to blood flow in the iliac artery vascular bed.
Cieľ: Porovnať tuhosť aorty (vyjadrenú ako rýchlosť šírenia pulzovej vlny v aorte – PWVao) ako ukazovateľa kardiovaskulárneho rizika u pacientov s liečenou artériovou hypertenziou, s kardiovaskulárnym rizikom odhadovaným podľa štandardných skórovacích systémov. Súbor a metódy: V súbore 41 pacientov hypertonikov bez klinických prejavov kardiovaskulárneho ochorenia (23 žien/18 mužov, priemerného veku 59 rokov) sme zisťovali prítomnosť rizikových faktorov a predklinických kardiovaskulárnych ochorení. Na odhad kardiovaskulárneho rizika sme použili SCORE-HDL a kategorickú klasifikáciu doporučenú podľa ESH/ESC. Závislosť medzi jednotlivými odhadmi rizika a PWVao sme hodnotili regresnou analýzou. Výsledky: V sledovanom súbore sme zistili štatisticky signifikantnú závislosť medzi PWVao a kardiovaskulárnym rizikom odhadovaným pomocou použitých skórovacích systémov; najvýznamnejšia korelácia bola medzi PWVao a odhadovaným kardiovaskulárnym rizikom podľa ESC/ESH (r = 0,414; p < 0,01); významný bol aj vzťah medzi PWVao a hodnotou SCORE-HDL (r = 0,315; p < 0,05). Záver: Zvýšená tuhosť aorty ako jedno z predklinických kardiovaskulárnych ochorení môže byť integrujúcim ukazovateľom kardiovaskulárneho rizika u pacientov s artériovou hypertenziou.
Aim: To compare aortic stiffness (represented by aortic pulse wave velocity – PWVao) as a marker of cardiovascular risk with cardiovascular risk estimated by standard scoring systems in treated hypertensive patients. Patients and methods: In a group of 41 hypertensive patients without clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease (18 men/23 women, mean age 59 years) we investigated the presence of risk factors and preclinical cardiovascular diseases. To estimate cardiovascular risk we have used SCORE-HDL model and categorical risk stratification recommended by ESC/ESH. Linear regression was used for evaluation of relation between risk estimation scores and PWVao values. Results: We have found out statistically significant relationship between PWVao and cardiovascular risk assessment systems in our group of patients. The correlation between PWVao and ESC/ESH risk stratification (r = 0.414, P < 0.01) was the most relevant, the correlation between PWVao and SCORE-HDL values was also significant (r = 0.315; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Increased aortic stiffness as one of the preclinical cardiovascular diseases can be an integrative marker of cardiovascular risk in patients with arterial hypertension.
- MeSH
- analýza moči MeSH
- antihypertenziva MeSH
- aorta * patofyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- cholesterol analýza MeSH
- echokardiografie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- hypertenze * farmakoterapie MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- koronární cévy ultrasonografie MeSH
- krevní tlak účinky léků MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- rychlost toku krve * účinky léků MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and seizures remains disputable. One of the reasons why results from the acute in vivo studies display controversies might be the effect on the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during pharmacologically induced alterations of NO system. We examined neurovascular coupling in the rat sensorimotor cortex in response to transcallosal stimulation under nNOS inhibition by 7-nitroindazole (7-NI). Adult Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane and epidural silver EEG electrodes were implanted over sensorimotor cortices. Regional CBF was measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). We catheterized a common carotid artery to measure arterial blood pressure (BP). 7-NI did not significantly affect blood pressure and heart rate. Electrophysiological recordings of evoked potentials (EPs) revealed no effect on their amplitude, rhythmic potentiation or depression of EPs. Transcallosal stimulation of the contralateral cortex induced a frequency dependent rise in CBF. Although 7-NI did not significantly affect basal CBF and cortical excitability, hemodynamic responses to the transcallosal stimulation were diminished implicating a role of nNOS in neurovascular coupling. Urethane anesthesia is suitable for future epileptological experiments. Our findings demonstrate that NO contributes to the hemodynamic response during brain activation.
- MeSH
- anestetika intravenózní aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- ethyl-karbamát aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- indazoly aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- krevní tlak účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- motorické korové centrum účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- mozkový krevní oběh účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- rychlost toku krve účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- somatosenzorické korové centrum účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ I antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Úvod: Zvýšená tuhosť aorty je jedným z predklinických ochorení kardiovaskulárneho systému a je definovaná patologicky zvýšenou rýchlosťou karotidofemorálnej pulzovej vlny v aorte (PWVAo). S cieľom zistiť základné charakteristiky centrálnej hemodynamiky a prípadne ozrejmiť vzťah centrálneho systolického tlaku k tuhosti aorty, sme realizovali merania rýchlosti pulzovej vlny a augmentačného indexu v skupine pacientov s liečenou hypertenziou. Súbor a metódy: Vyšetrili sme súbor 68 neselektovaných pacientov s hypertenziou liečenou kombináciou antihypertenzív (priemerne 3,4 lieku na pacienta). Tuhosť artérií bola vyšetrovaná prístrojom Arteriograph-Tensiomed, ktorý na oscilometrickom princípe, manžetou, sníma pulzovú krivku na a. brachialis. Meria hodnoty krvného tlaku na ramene, rýchlosť pulzovej vlny v aorte, augmentačný index, centrálny systolický tlak a časové indexy srdcového cyklu. Výsledky: Zistili sme signifikantnú závislosť centrálneho aortového tlaku a augmentačného indexu od rýchlosti šírenia pulzovej vlny v aorte (tuhosti aorty). Tieto závislosti sa preukázali aj napriek aktuálnej antihypertenzívnej liečbe s využitím kombinácie viacerých atihypertenzív, pričom časť pacientov (23 osôb) užívala aj donory kysličníka dusnatého (nitráty a molsidomín). Záver: Merania parametrov centrálnej hemodynamiky, ako sú augmentačný index a centrálny systolický tlak, alebo meranie tuhosti aorty a odvodených indexov, umožňujú lepšie odhadnúť zaťaženie ľavej komory srdca a vyhodnotiť efekt antihypertenzívnej liečby; ich využívanie v širšej klinickej praxi pri hodnotení účinnosti liečby by mohlo priaznivo ovplyvniť prognózu pacientov s hypertenziou.
Introduction: Increased aortic stiffness belongs into the category of preclinical cardiovascular diseases. It is defined by pathologically increased velocity of carotido-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVAo). In the group of treated hypertensive patients we measured the aortic pulse wave velocity and augmentation indices with the aim to define some parameters of central hemodynamics and to search for a relationship among them and the central aortic blood pressure. Patient and methods: We examined a group of 68 nonselected patient with arterial hypertension treated by combination therapy (mean of 3.4 drugs per patient). The arterial stiffness was measured using the Arteriograph-TensioMed, an equipment based on oscillometric principle, detecting the shape of brachial artery pulse by blood pressure cuff. It gives the values of brachial blood pressure, aortic pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central systolic blood pressure and time indices of heart cycle. Results: We found a significant correlation of central aortic pressure and augmentation indices to aortic pulse wave velocity (aortic stiffness). These relationships were present despite the ongoing antihypertensive therapy with combination of drugs, as a matter of fact, a part of patients (23 persons) were treated by NO donors (nitrates and molsidomine). Conclusion: Measurements of central hemodynamic parameters as the augmentation index, central systolic blood pressure or aortic stiffness and indices derived, enable us to better estimate the load of the left ventricle and more precisely evaluate the efficiency of the antihypertensive therapy; their usage in the evaluation of antihypertensive therapy in a broader clinical practice, could improve prognosis of patients with arterial hypertension.
- MeSH
- antihypertenziva aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- aorta * patofyziologie MeSH
- arteriální tlak * účinky léků MeSH
- arterioskleróza diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- cévní rezistence * MeSH
- hypertenze * farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pulz MeSH
- rychlost toku krve účinky léků MeSH
- srdeční frekvence účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky oftalmologické přístrojové vybavení trendy využití MeSH
- elektroretinografie MeSH
- fluoresceinová angiografie metody využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lubrikace metody MeSH
- makulární degenerace * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- optická koherentní tomografie metody využití MeSH
- retinální drúzy diagnóza terapie MeSH
- rychlost toku krve fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- separace krevních složek * metody trendy využití MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- viskozita krve fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- vlhká makulární degenerace * diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zraková ostrost fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Vascular function was examined in subjects with long-term high level of serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) during their follow-up visits. Their earlier mean peak TCDD level at the time of exposure in 1965-1968 was estimated in the range of 3300-74 000 pg/g lipids. Ten former pesticide production workers heavily exposed to TCDD (age 57 +/- 2 years, TCDD about 170 pg/g lipids) were examined in 2001. Extended group of 15 TCDD-exposed men (age 59 +/- 3 years, TCDD about 130 pg/g lipids) underwent the same examination in 2004. Findings were compared with a control group of 14 healthy men (age 54 +/- 2 years). Skin microvascular reactivity (MVR) was measured by laser Doppler perfusion monitoring in the forearm during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) and thermal hyperemia (TH). Several parameters of MVR in men exposed to TCDD were significantly impaired, compared with the control group and further progression of the impairment of MVR has been observed between years 2001 and 2004. Serum concentration of E-selectin and inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator 1 (PAI-1) was significantly higher in exposed subjects (56.0 +/- 18.4 ng/mL versus 40.0 +/- 12.0 ng/mL, P = 0.022 and 90.9 +/- 33.3 ng/mL versus 45.0 +/- 18.0, P = 0.002, respectively). In addition, PORH in the forearm was significantly negatively associated with SOD activity (r = -0.77, P = 0.009) as well as the velocity of perfusion increase during TH (r = -0.68, P = 0.03) and TH% (r = -0.78, P = 0.008). Our data document the presence of endothelial dysfunction in TCDD-exposed men.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cévní endotel patofyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hyperemie patofyziologie MeSH
- inhibitor aktivátoru plazminogenu 1 krev MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci chemicky indukované krev patofyziologie MeSH
- kůže krevní zásobení MeSH
- laser doppler flowmetrie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidy krev MeSH
- mezibuněčná adhezivní molekula-1 krev MeSH
- mikrocirkulace účinky léků MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- nemoci z povolání chemicky indukované krev chemicky indukované krev patofyziologie MeSH
- pesticidy krev toxicita MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny krev toxicita MeSH
- pracovní expozice MeSH
- předloktí krevní zásobení MeSH
- regionální krevní průtok účinky léků MeSH
- rychlost toku krve účinky léků MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
EDRF-NO probably participates-besides the prostaglandins [3, 4]-in local circulatory changes in the bones of female rats with modified level of sex hormones; we could demonstrate it indirectly using methylene blue as a blocking agent [5]. In this paper, we present corresponding results of two experiments with NG-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) as a substance blocking the production of endothelium derived relaxing factor, i.e. nitric oxide (EDRF-NO). Circulatory values were estimated by means of 85Sr-microspheres. In experiment A we ascertained whether the duration of L-NAME administration (0.025% in the food) influenced the effect. It could be demonstrated that the effect of one week's, two weeks', or four weeks' administration of L-NAME was the same: 85Sr-microsphere uptake and blood flow throught the tibia of female rats, increased after oophorectomy (OOX, performed four weeks prior to the experiment), was significantly suppressed to the level in sham-operated animals. In the experiment B, L-NAME was administered in the food in concentration of 0.05% for two weeks prior to the experiment. 85Sr-microsphere uptake was decreased significantly after L-NAME in the tibia of sham-operated females, in the tibia and distal femur of OOX animals; no significant changes were found in the diaphysis of femur and in calvaria. Blood flow values were significantly decreased in all bone samples of OOX females and in tibia of sham-operated rats (besides the local reaction also due to the decrease in the cardiac output). In both experiments the cardiac output was decreased and blood pressure elevated after L-NAME. It can be concluded, from the results of both experiments, that the blockade of EDRF-NO production by L-NAME decreases local circulatory values in the bones of female rats-particularly OOX-in a similar way as methylene blue; however, in contrast to methylene blue, L-NAME induces marked increase in the blood pressure and partially decrease in the cardiac output. Thus, as in the case of methylene blue, the effect of L-NAME on the circulation of blood in the rat bones supports the hypothesis of the participation of EDRF-NO in bone blood flow regulations.
- MeSH
- femur krevní zásobení MeSH
- hemodynamika účinky léků MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň krevní zásobení MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- methylenová modř farmakologie MeSH
- NG-nitroargininmethylester farmakologie MeSH
- ovarektomie MeSH
- oxid dusnatý antagonisté a inhibitory biosyntéza fyziologie MeSH
- radioizotopy stroncia MeSH
- regionální krevní průtok účinky léků MeSH
- rychlost toku krve účinky léků MeSH
- tibie krevní zásobení MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- arteria basilaris účinky léků MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kochlea krevní zásobení patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rychlost toku krve účinky léků MeSH
- ultrasonografie dopplerovská MeSH
- vazodilatancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- vestibulární nemoci farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
