Phloem-limiting phytoplasmas are known to be causal agents of phyllody, which is recognized by the abnormal development of floral structures resulting in serious yield losses in sesame plants. Currently, identification of the various groups of phytoplasmas that cause sesame phyllody (SP) is conducted by nested PCR, RFLP, and multiplex real-time qPCR assays. However, these methods require intensive labor and are costly and time-consuming so can only be undertaken in well-equipped labs. Here, diagnostic loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based assays allowing rapid detection of specific groups of phytoplasmas within 30 min were developed based on detection of the 16S rRNA sequence of phytoplasmas. Universal 16S rRNA phytoplasma primers and seven primer sets of different 16Sr group phytoplasmas (16SrI, 16SrII, 16SrIII, 16SrIV, 16SrV, 16SrX, 16SrXI) and universal plant cytochrome oxidase (cox) gene primers were used to detect 16S rRNA group phytoplasma sequences and the cox gene in sesame plants. The LAMP assays were carried out using a real-time fluorometer with amplification plots and annealing curves visualized directly. Results demonstrated that the 16SrI and 16SrII group phytoplasmas were causal agents of sesame phyllody in Vietnam. LAMP-based assays for in-field detection of sesame phyllody-causing phytoplasmas revealed advantages and potential applicability in comparison with conventional approaches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first assessment of multiple phytoplasma infection associated with sesame phyllody disease in Vietnam using LAMP-based assays.
- MeSH
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial MeSH
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
- Plant Diseases MeSH
- Phytoplasma * genetics MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Sesamum * MeSH
- Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Vietnam MeSH
Nephrotoxicity of cisplatin (CP) involves renal oxidative stress and inflammation, and sesamin (a major liganin in many plants) has strong antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions. Therefore, we investigated here the possible mitigative action of sesamin on CP nephrotoxicity in rats. Sesamin was given orally (5 mg/kg/day, 10 days), and on the 7th day, some of the treated rats were injected intraperitoneally with either saline or CP (5 mg/kg). On the 11th day, rats were sacrificed, and blood and urine samples and kidneys were collected for biochemical estimation of several traditional and novel indices of renal damage in plasma and urine, several oxidative and nitrosative indices in kidneys, and assessment of histopathological renal damage. CP significantly and adversely altered all the physiological, biochemical and histopathological indices of renal function measured. Kidneys of CP-treated rats had a moderate degree of necrosis. This was markedly lessened when CP was given simultaneously with sesamin. Sesamin treatment did not significantly alter the renal CP concentration. The results suggested that sesamin had ameliorated CP nephrotoxicity in rats by reversing the CP-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Pending further pharmacological and toxicological studies sesamin may be considered a potentially useful nephroprotective agent.
- MeSH
- Antioxidants pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Cisplatin adverse effects MeSH
- Dioxoles pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Phytotherapy * MeSH
- Kidney drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Lignans pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Kidney Diseases chemically induced drug therapy metabolism MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents adverse effects MeSH
- Plant Extracts therapeutic use MeSH
- Sesamum * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Beneficial effects of sesame lignans, especially antioxidative effects, have been widely reported; however, its potential effects on autonomic nerves have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of sesame lignans on the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic nerve activity in rat skeletal muscle was measured using electrophysiological approaches, with blood flow determined using the laser Doppler method. Sesame lignans were administered intragastrically at 2 and 20 mg/kg, and after 60 min, the sympathetic nerve activity was observed to increase by 45.2% and 66.1%, respectively. A significant increase in blood flow (39.6%) was also observed for the 20-mg/kg dose when measured at 55 min after administration. These sympathomimetic effects were completely prevented by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, and the increase in blood flow was eliminated in the presence of the beta2-adrenergic receptor inhibitor butoxamine. Thus, it is proposed that sesame lignans can increase the blood flow of skeletal muscle, possibly by exciting sympathetic nerve activity through the afferent vagal nerve.
- MeSH
- Hemodynamics drug effects physiology MeSH
- Muscle, Skeletal blood supply drug effects physiology MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Lignans isolation & purification pharmacology MeSH
- Blood Flow Velocity drug effects physiology MeSH
- Sesamum * MeSH
- Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic drug effects physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
In spring 2016, Greece reported an outbreak caused by a previously undescribed Salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica serotype (antigenic formula 11:z41:e,n,z15) via the Epidemic Intelligence Information System for Food- and Waterborne Diseases and Zoonoses (EPIS-FWD), with epidemiological evidence for sesame products as presumptive vehicle. Subsequently, Germany, Czech Republic, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom (UK) reported infections with this novel serotype via EPIS-FWD. Concerned countries in collaboration with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) adopted a common outbreak case definition. An outbreak case was defined as a laboratory-confirmed notification of the novel Salmonella serotype. Between March 2016 and April 2017, 47 outbreak cases were notified (Greece: n = 22; Germany: n = 13; Czech Republic: n = 5; Luxembourg: n = 4; UK: n = 3). Whole genome sequencing revealed the very close genetic relatedness of isolates from all affected countries. Interviews focusing on sesame product consumption, suspicious food item testing and trace-back analysis following Salmonella spp. detection in food products identified a company in Greece where sesame seeds from different countries were processed. Through European collaboration, it was possible to identify and recall sesame spread as one contaminated food item serving as vehicle of infection and trace it back to its origin.
- MeSH
- Disease Outbreaks statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Salmonella Food Poisoning epidemiology MeSH
- Salmonella enterica classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Salmonella Infections epidemiology MeSH
- Whole Genome Sequencing MeSH
- Serogroup MeSH
- Serotyping MeSH
- Sesamum microbiology MeSH
- Population Surveillance methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
During 2010-14 surveys in the major sesame growing areas of Fars, Yazd and Isfahan provinces (Iran), genetic diversity and vector transmission of phytoplasmas associated with sesame phyllody were studied. Virtual RFLP, phylogenetic, and DNA homology analyses of partial 16S ribosomal sequences of phytoplasma strains associated with symptomatic plants revealed the presence of phytoplasmas referable to three ribosomal subgroups, 16SrII-D, 16SrVI-A, and 16SrIX-C. The same analyses using 16S rDNA sequences from sesame phyllody-associated phytoplasmas retrieved from GenBank database showed the presence of phytoplasmas clustering with strains in the same subgroups in other Iranian provinces including Bushehr and Khorasan Razavi. Circulifer haematoceps and Orosius albicinctus, known vectors of the disease in Iran, were tested for transmission of the strains identified in this study. C. haematoceps transmitted 16SrII-D, 16SrVI-A, and 16SrIX-C phytoplasmas, while O. albicinctus only transmitted 16SrII-D strains. Based on the results of the present study and considering the reported presence of phytoplasmas belonging to the same ribosomal subgroups in other crops, sesame fields probably play an important role in the epidemiology of other diseases associated with these phytoplasmas in Iran.
- MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial genetics MeSH
- Phylogeny * MeSH
- Hemiptera microbiology MeSH
- Insect Vectors microbiology MeSH
- Plant Diseases microbiology parasitology MeSH
- Phytoplasma classification genetics pathogenicity MeSH
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length MeSH
- DNA Restriction Enzymes chemistry MeSH
- Ribotyping MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Sesamum microbiology parasitology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Iran MeSH
- MeSH
- Medicine, Ayurvedic MeSH
- Allium drug effects MeSH
- Angelica sinensis MeSH
- Ocimum MeSH
- Carthamus tinctorius MeSH
- Plants, Medicinal MeSH
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Perilla frutescens MeSH
- Portulaca MeSH
- Schisandra MeSH
- Sesamum MeSH
- Scutellaria baicalensis MeSH
- Coix MeSH
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional * MeSH
- Medicine, East Asian Traditional * MeSH
- Zingiber officinale MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
