- MeSH
- analýza potravin * metody MeSH
- chromatografie plynová metody využití MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-6 analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- losos klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- omega-3 mastné kyseliny analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Oncorhynchus klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- rybí proteiny analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- rybí tuk analýza izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- ryby * metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- Salmo salar klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- Salmonidae * klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- vitamin D izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of this study was to investigate aroma active compounds of 5 samples of mineral water with lemon flavour. A total of 63 volatile compounds of lemon aroma were identified using solid phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, of which 20 were determined as aroma active by gas chromatography-olfactometry. The occurrence and representation of the identified substances varied within measured samples. The most abundant compounds that occurred in all samples were D-limonene, isocineole, eucalyptol, linalool, and ?-terpineol. However, compounds represented in large amounts should not be overestimated at the expense of minor compounds. As indicated in the literature and proved by the results of gas chromatography-olfactometry, e.g. the most abundant D-limonene was not detected by evaluators who, however, were able to detect minor compounds such as octanal, isoborneol and nerol. These compounds can be described as key aroma active ingredients.
Lipoic acid is powerful antioxidant which is used as a dietary supplement to treat a lot of disorders associated with the oxidative stress and was found to be useful in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The article deals with analytical methods used for the determination of lipoic acid in various samples.
The main objective of the review is a discussion of various extraction techniques used for analysis of different types of nutraceuticals. It is shown that the most frequently used technique is the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) method; other effective techniques are accelerated solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and microwave assisted extraction. On the other hand, the application of microextraction techniques is on the rise. It can be expected that these techniques will prevail because they reduce or eliminate the volume of toxic solvents required for extraction. The use of clean up steps following the extraction is recommended to obtain satisfactory recoveries and to minimize the matrix effect. The most frequently used techniques for determination of pesticides in nutraceuticals are GC or HPLC in combination with MS or MS-MS. Analysis of real samples with a number of positive findings endorse the idea that a deeper and continuous investigation of pesticide residues in nutraceutical products is necessary in order to guarantee consumer’s safety.
- MeSH
- čaj chemie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické * metody využití MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová metody využití MeSH
- chromatografie plynová metody využití MeSH
- kontaminace léku MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * chemie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- pesticidy * analýza MeSH
- potravní doplňky * analýza škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- rezidua pesticidů * analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The objective of the study is to standardize GC determination of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal tissues by lipid extraction with a hexane/propan-2-ol mixture and subsequent derivatization with CH3ONa/BF3. The limits of detection and recoveries for 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 fatty acids was in the range 0.32–0.42 mg/100 g, and 83–105 %, respectively. The content of physiologically important icosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in chicken breast meat, thigh meat, quail eggs and cricket nymphs was 3, 10, 51 and 21 mg/100 g of fresh matter (P < 0.05). The EPA contents in livers of laboratory rats fed diets supplemented with palm oil, safflower oil and fish oil was 4, 3 and 342 mg/100 g, respectively (P < 0.05).
- MeSH
- cholesterol metabolismus MeSH
- chromatografie plynová * metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kyselina alfa-linolenová analýza MeSH
- kyselina eikosapentaenová analýza MeSH
- kyseliny dokosahexaenové analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidy analýza MeSH
- nenasycené mastné kyseliny * analýza MeSH
- tkáňové extrakty analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Je prezentován případ smrtelné otravy paroxetinem, flunitrazepamem a etanolem v terénu hnilobných změn. Kvantitativní toxikologická analýza vykázala, že koncentrace paroxetinu a 7-aminoflunitrazepamu ( metabolitu flunitrazepamu) ve vzorku femorální krve byla 0,28 ?g/ml a 0.17 ?g/ml. Také byla zjištěna hladina alkoholu 2,90 mg/ml a n-propanolu 0,10 mg/ml. Usuzujeme proto, že smrt nastala v důsledku vzájemné interakce paroxetinu, flunitrazepamu a etanolu. Bylo též uvažováno o vlivu hnilobných změn na forensní toxikologické vyhodnocení.
We present a fatal case involving poisoning with paroxetine, flunitrazepam, and ethanol, with putrefactive changes. Quantitative toxicological analysis showed that the concentrations of paroxetine and 7-aminoflunitrazepam, a metabolite of flunitrazepam, in the femoral blood were 0.28 ?g/ml and 0.17 ?g/ml, respectively. We also detected an ethanol level of 2.90 mg/ml and an n-propanol level of 0.10 mg/ml. We concluded that the cause of death was due to the interaction of paroxetine, flunitrazepam, and ethanol. The effects of putrefactive changes should be considered during forensic toxicological evaluation.
- MeSH
- antidepresiva druhé generace krev škodlivé účinky MeSH
- biochemická analýza krve MeSH
- chromatografie plynová * využití MeSH
- flunitrazepam krev škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- otrava alkoholem * etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- příčina smrti MeSH
- soudní toxikologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Autori príspevku analyzujú príčiny numerických rozdielov výsledkov analýz pri dokazovaní alkoholu v krvi a vo vydychovanom vzduchu. Potvrdzujú presnosť analýz metódou plynovej chromatografie ako aj analyzátormi vydychovaného vzduchu. Navrhujú spôsob eliminácie ľudského faktora, najčastejšie zodpovedného za nepresnosti, na prípustnú mieru (bezpečnostný faktor) a potrebu analýzy dvomi od seba nezávislými metódami respektíve potrebu analýzy dvoch biologických materiálov.
The authors of the paper give a brief historical overview of the development of experimental alcohology in the former Czechoslovakia. Enhanced attention is paid to tests of work quality control of toxicological laboratories. Information on results of control tests of blood samples using the method of gas chromatography in Slovakia and within a world-wide study “Eurotox 1990“ is presented. There are pointed out the pitfalls related to objective evaluation of the analysis results interpreting alcohol concentration in biological materials and the associated need to eliminate a negative influence of the human factor. The authors recommend performing analyses of alcohol in biological materials only at accredited workplaces and in the case of samples storage to secure a mandatory inhibition of phosphorylation process. There are analysed the reasons of numerical differences of analyses while taking evidence of alcohol in blood and in exhaled air. The authors confirm analysis accuracy using the method of gas chromatography along with breath analysers of exhaled air. They highlight the need for making the analysis results more objective also through confrontation with the results of clinical examination and with examined circumstances. The authors suggest a method of elimination of the human factor, the most frequently responsible for inaccuracy, to a tolerable level (safety factor) and the need of sample analysis by two methods independent of each other or the need of analysis of two biological materials.
- Klíčová slova
- experimentálna alkohológia – plynová chromatografia – analýza vydychovaného vzduchu – kontrola kvality – ľudský faktor – dychový analyzátor, experimental alcohology – gas chromatography – analysis of exhaled air – quality control – human factor – breath analyser,
- MeSH
- chromatografie plynová * využití MeSH
- dechové testy * metody MeSH
- ethanol * krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pití alkoholu zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- soudní toxikologie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
In the last decade, several immunoassays have been published as the alternative/complementary rapid methods for steroid analysis in food supplements. The present review shows a significant amount of food supplements containing banned anabolic androgenic steroids that are not declared as ingredients thus presenting risk for consumers and may lead to positive results in anti-doping controls. Traditional methods for analysis of steroids such as LC/MS and GC/MS were used for monitoring suspect food supplements.
- MeSH
- anabolika * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- chromatografie afinitní metody využití MeSH
- chromatografie plynová metody využití MeSH
- doping ve sportu * MeSH
- ELISA metody využití MeSH
- hypertenze chemicky indukované MeSH
- infertilita chemicky indukované MeSH
- koagulopatie chemicky indukované MeSH
- lékové postižení jater MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poranění šlachy chemicky indukované MeSH
- poruchy metabolismu lipidů chemicky indukované MeSH
- potravní doplňky * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- steroidy * analýza MeSH
- testosteron * analogy a deriváty škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zákonodárství lékové MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The preparation of optically pure compounds plays an important role in pharmaceutical and chemical industry. The separation of two enantiomers in a racemic mixture of chiral compounds by crystallization is one of the commonly used methods of achieving optical purity. Viedma discovered a new method of deracemization of racemic crystals by grinding them in saturated solutions. The process is based on the finding that smaller crystals are more soluble than the larger ones. Due to the presence of a racemization agent, racemization occurs in solution. The molecules then create clusters that are randomly formed into (R) or (S) crystals. The process (Ostwald ripening) would eventually lead to a single enantiomer. The method always provides 100% yield and the same crystal size distribution. The deracemization by grinding is a very simple and economically attractive process for obtaining optically pure crystals.
- MeSH
- chemické jevy * MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová metody využití MeSH
- chromatografie plynová metody využití MeSH
- diferenciální skenovací kalorimetrie MeSH
- farmaceutická technologie * metody trendy MeSH
- krystalizace * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- příprava léků MeSH
- stereoizomerie MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Global metabolite profiling, often called metabolomics, is an expanding research field. Together with genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, it provides additional information on specific changes occurring in biological systems, allowing to better understand metabolic pathways and their pathologies. This review highlights the current metabolomic challenges in biomedicinal research using chromatographic and electrophoretic separation techniques coupled mostly with mass spectrometry. The most frequently used procedures for obtaining bioinformation data are introduced as well.
- MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- chromatografie plynová metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolom fyziologie MeSH
- metabolomika * klasifikace metody MeSH
- metody pro přípravu analytických vzorků * MeSH
- rostliny MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
