BACKGROUND: Infant mortality rates are reliable indices of the child and general population health status and health care delivery. The most critical factors affecting infant mortality are socioeconomic status and ethnicity. The aim of this study was to assess the association between socioeconomic disadvantage, ethnicity, and perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortality in Slovakia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The associations between socioeconomic disadvantage (educational level, long-term unemployment rate), ethnicity (the proportion of the Roma population) and mortality (perinatal, neonatal, and infant) in the period 2017-2022 were explored, using linear regression models. RESULTS: The higher proportion of people with only elementary education and long-term unemployed, as well as the higher proportion of the Roma population, increases mortality rates. The proportion of the Roma population had the most significant impact on mortality in the selected period between 2017 and 2022, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022). CONCLUSIONS: Life in segregated Roma settlements is connected with the accumulation of socioeconomic disadvantage. Persistent inequities between Roma and the majority population in Slovakia exposed by mortality rates in children point to the vulnerabilities and exposures which should be adequately addressed by health and social policies.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- etnicita statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kojenecká mortalita * etnologie trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- perinatální mortalita * etnologie trendy MeSH
- Romové * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
- socioekonomické nerovnosti ve zdraví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Archeological evidence shows that first nomadic pastoralists came to the African Sahel from northeastern Sahara, where milking is reported by ~7.5 ka. A second wave of pastoralists arrived with the expansion of Arabic tribes in 7th-14th century CE. All Sahelian pastoralists depend on milk production but genetic diversity underlying their lactase persistence (LP) is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated SNP variants associated with LP in 1,241 individuals from 29 mostly pastoralist populations in the Sahel. Then, we analyzed six SNPs in the neighboring fragment (419 kb) in the Fulani and Tuareg with the -13910*T mutation, reconstructed haplotypes, and calculated expansion age and growth rate of this variant. RESULTS: Our results reveal a geographic localization of two different LP variants in the Sahel: -13910*T west of Lake Chad (Fulani and Tuareg pastoralists) and -13915*G east of there (mostly Arabic-speaking pastoralists). We show that -13910*T has a more diversified haplotype background among the Fulani than among the Tuareg and that the age estimate for expansion of this variant among the Fulani (~8.5 ka) corresponds to introduction of cattle to the area. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study showing that the "Eurasian" LP allele -13910*T is widespread both in northern Europe and in the Sahel; however, it is limited to pastoralists in the Sahel. Since the Fulani haplotype with -13910*T is shared with contemporary Eurasians, its origin could be in a region encompassing the Near East and northeastern Africa in a population ancestral to both Saharan pastoralists and European farmers.
- MeSH
- antropologie fyzická MeSH
- Arabové genetika statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- běloši genetika statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- černoši * genetika statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- etnicita * genetika statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- haplotypy MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika MeSH
- laktasa genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléko MeSH
- osoby s přechodným pobytem a migranti MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- severní Afrika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (TPA) and subsp. endemicum (TEN) are the causative agents of syphilis and bejel, respectively. TEN shows similar clinical manifestations and is morphologically and serologically indistinguishable from TPA. Recently, bejel was found outside of its assumed endemic areas. Using molecular typing we aimed to discover bejel and characterize circulating TPA types among syphilis cases with Surinamese, Antillean and Dutch ethnicity in Amsterdam. METHODS: DNA was extracted from 137 ulcer swabs, which tested positive in the in-house diagnostic PCR targeting the polA gene. Samples were collected between 2006 and 2018 from Surinamese, Antillean and Dutch patients attending the Amsterdam STI clinic. Multilocus sequence typing was performed by partial sequence analysis of the tp0136, tp0548 and tp0705 genes. In addition, the 23S rRNA loci were analyzed for A2058G and A2059G macrolide resistance mutations. RESULTS: We found 17 distinct allelic profiles in 103/137 (75%) fully typed samples, which were all TPA and none TEN. Of the strains, 82.5% were SS14-like and 17.5% Nichols-like. The prevalence of Nichols-like strains found in this study is relatively high compared to nearby countries. The most prevalent types were 1.3.1 (42%) and 1.1.1 (19%), in concordance with similar TPA typing studies. The majority of the TPA types found were unique per country. New allelic types (7) and profiles (10) were found. The successfully sequenced 23S rRNA loci from 123/137 (90%) samples showed the presence of 79% A2058G and 2% A2059G mutations. CONCLUSIONS: No TEN was found in the samples from different ethnicities residing in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, so no misdiagnoses occurred. Bejel has thus not (yet) spread as a sexually transmitted disease in the Netherlands. The strain diversity found in this study reflects the local male STI clinic population which is a diverse, mixed group.
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- bakteriální geny * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- etnicita statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- syfilis epidemiologie etnologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- taxonomické DNA čárové kódování MeSH
- Treponema pallidum klasifikace genetika patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Nizozemské Antily MeSH
- Nizozemsko MeSH
- Surinam MeSH
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess regional and ethnic differences in an unselected patient population treated with polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents (PF-SES) in Asia and Europe. METHODS: Two all-comers observational studies based on the same protocol (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02629575 and NCT02905214) were combined for data analysis to assure sufficient statistical power. The primary endpoint was the accumulated target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate at 9-12 months. RESULTS: Of the total population of 7243 patients, 44.0% (3186) were recruited in the Mediterranean region and 32.0% (2317) in central Europe. The most prominent Asian region was South Korea (17.6%, 1274) followed by Malaysia (5.7%, 413). Major cardiovascular risk factors varied significantly across regions. The overall rates for accumulated TLR and MACE were low with 2.2% (140/6374) and 4.4% (279/6374), respectively. In ACS patients, there were no differences in terms of MACE, TLR, MI and accumulated mortality between the investigated regions. Moreover, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) regimens were substantially longer in Asian countries even in patients with stable coronary artery disease as compared to those in Europe. CONCLUSIONS: PF-SES angioplasty is associated with low clinical event rates in all regions. Further reductions in clinical event rates seem to be associated with longer DAPT regimens.
- MeSH
- etnicita statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- infarkt myokardu epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- koronární angioplastika metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- nemoci koronárních tepen terapie MeSH
- polymery MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sirolimus terapeutické užití MeSH
- stenty uvolňující léky * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Korejská republika MeSH
- Malajsie MeSH
- Středomoří MeSH
One of the main strategies that healthy universities implement among their students is that of promoting healthy lifestyles. However, behind these healthy lifestyles, there may be some aspects related to family functioning that favour or limit its implementation. Consequently, the objective of this study is to establish whether there is a relationship between lifestyles and family cohesion, family ethnic socialization and the affective behaviour of the father and the mother. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 159 female university students from an indigenous area of Oaxaca, Mexico. The Healthy Lifestyle Scale for University Students, the Self-Assessment Scale of Affective Behaviour (with regard to the father and the mother) and the Family Cohesion Scale were used. Family ethnic socialization revealed a significant interrelationship with lifestyles in all ethnic groups. However, these scores were higher in the indigenous groups. Although the moderate hostility from the father did not show any relationship with lifestyles in either ethnic group, the scores for hostility from the father were higher in indigenous groups than in the mestizo group. A multivariate analysis confirmed better lifestyles when better family cohesion and greater warmth of the father were observed.
- MeSH
- etnicita klasifikace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nepřátelství MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rodinné vztahy * etnologie psychologie MeSH
- socializace MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- univerzity MeSH
- vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi etnologie MeSH
- zdravý životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Mexiko MeSH
BACKGROUND: There is a large treatment gap for common mental disorders (CMD), with wide variation by world region. This review identifies factors associated with formal health service utilisation for CMD in the general adult population, and compares evidence from high-income countries (HIC) with that from low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC). METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Scopus in May 2016. Eligibility criteria were: published in English, in peer-reviewed journals; using population-based samples; employing standardised CMD measures; measuring use of formal health services for mental health reasons by people with CMD; testing the association between this outcome and any other factor(s). Risk of bias was assessed using the adapted Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. We synthesised the results using "best fit framework synthesis", with reference to the Andersen socio-behavioural model. RESULTS: Fifty two studies met inclusion criteria. 46 (88%) were from HIC. Predisposing factors: There was evidence linking increased likelihood of service use with female gender; Caucasian ethnicity; higher education levels; and being unmarried; although this was not consistent across all studies. Need factors: There was consistent evidence of an association between service utilisation and self-evaluated health status; duration of symptoms; disability; comorbidity; and panic symptoms. Associations with symptom severity were frequently but less consistently reported. Enabling factors: The evidence did not support an association with income or rural residence. Inconsistent evidence was found for associations between unemployment or having health insurance and use of services. There was a lack of research from LMIC and on contextual level factors. CONCLUSION: In HIC, failure to seek treatment for CMD is associated with less disabling symptoms and lack of perceived need for healthcare, consistent with suggestions that "treatment gap" statistics over-estimate unmet need for care as perceived by the target population. Economic factors and urban/rural residence appear to have little effect on treatment-seeking rates. Strategies to address potential healthcare inequities for men, ethnic minorities, the young and the elderly in HIC require further evaluation. The generalisability of these findings beyond HIC is limited. Future research should examine factors associated with health service utilisation for CMD in LMIC, and the effect of health systems and neighbourhood factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: 42016046551 .
- MeSH
- chudoba MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní poruchy terapie MeSH
- duševní zdraví statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- etnicita statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- služby péče o duševní zdraví organizace a řízení MeSH
- sociální opora MeSH
- zaměstnanost statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zdravotní stav * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
Results of a comparison of the outcomes of treatment of cleft lip and palate can be affected by growth characteristics of populations from which subjects with the clefts are derived. Moreover, conventional cephalometric techniques used in cleft studies for analysis of facial morphology provide only a partial description of shape and are confounded by biases regarding the reference structures. In this retrospective comparison, craniofacial morphology of preadolescent patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated in Warsaw (n = 35, age = 10.6 years, SD = 1.2), Prague (n = 38, age = 11.6 years, SD = 1.4), and Bratislava (n = 26, age = 10.5 years, SD = 1.6) were evaluated on cephalograms with the cephalometric method used in the Eurocleft study and geometric morphometrics. We found that patients treated in Warsaw showed slightly more favorable outcomes than in Prague and Bratislava. The differences were related primarily to the position of maxillary alveolar process, cranial base, mandibular angle, and soft tissues. Although no association between a component of treatment protocol and the outcome was found, it is possible that organizational factors such as participation of high-volume, experienced surgeons contributed to these results.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- etnicita statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kefalometrie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mandibula patologie MeSH
- maxila patologie MeSH
- obličej anatomie a histologie patologie MeSH
- processus alveolaris patologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rozštěp patra patologie chirurgie MeSH
- rozštěp rtu patologie chirurgie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Comorbidities associated with depression have been researched in a number of contexts. However, the epidemiological situation in clinical practice is understudied, especially in the post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe region. The aim of this study was to assess physical comorbidities in depression, and to identify whether there are increased odds of physical comorbidities associated with co-occurring depressive and anxiety disorders. Data on 4264 patients aged 18-98 were collected among medical doctors in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2011. Descriptive statistics were calculated and multiple logistic regressions were performed to assess comorbidities among patients with depressive disorder. There were 51.29% of those who have a physical comorbidity, and 45.5% of those who have a comorbid anxiety disorders among patients treated with depression in Czech primary care. Results of logistic regressions show that odds of having pain, hypertension or diabetes mellitus are particularly elevated at those who have co-occurring depressive and anxiety disorder. Our findings demonstrate that comorbidities associated with depressive disorders are highly prevalent in primary health care practice, and that physical comorbidities are particularly frequent among those with co-occurring depressive and anxiety disorders.
- MeSH
- depresivní poruchy epidemiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- etnicita statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- logistické modely MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- odds ratio MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- úzkostné poruchy epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Dle Wilkinsona a Marmota typ práce a pracovní podmínky významně ovlivňují zdraví. Dobré pracovní příležitosti umožňují imigrantům integraci do společnosti. Cílem výzkumného šetření provedeného v rámci projektu COST (Cooperation on Scientific and Technical Research, reg. č. OC 10031 s názvem „Zdravotně sociální situace imigrantů a azylantů“) bylo zmapovat pracovní podmínky cílové skupiny vietnamských, mongolských a ukrajinských imigrantů (n = 236) a porovnat jejich pracovní podmínky s pracovním prostředím české populace. Dalším cílem studie bylo vyhodnotit vliv pracovního prostředí na zdraví imigrantů. Výsledky týkající se majoritní populace byly čerpány ze studie Evropského výběrového šetření o zdraví v České republice EHIS 2008. Tato studie byla publikována Ústavem zdravotnických informací a statistiky České republiky (ÚZIS) v roce 2011. Dotazníkové šetření probíhalo v roce 2011. Z výsledku šetření je patrné, že cílová skupina imigrantů je vystavena nepříznivým pracovním okolnostem více než česká populace. Nejvyšší rozdíly byly zaznamenány v dimenzi „sexuální obtěžování nebo jiný psychologický nátlak“ a „diskriminace“. S vyšším výskytem nepříznivých pracovních okolností statisticky významně rostl počet nemocí způsobených výkonem zaměstnání. Imigranti byli vystaveni řadě nepříznivých pracovních okolností, které zvyšují riziko pracovních úrazů. Přestože česká legislativa stanovuje zaměstnavateli povinnost zajistit každému zaměstnanci při nástupu do zaměstnání školení o pravidlech bezpečnosti práce, výsledky studie poukazují na nedostatečné proškolení imigrantů v oblasti ochrany zdraví.
According to Wilkinson and Marmot, the type of work and working conditions significantly affect health. Good working opportunities enable immigrants to integrate themselves into society. The goal of the research investigation carried out within the project COST (Cooperation on Scientific and Technical Research, Reg. No. 10031, entitled “Health and Social Situation of Immigrants and Asylum Seekers”) was to map the working conditions of the target group of Vietnamese, Mongolian and Ukrainian immigrants (n = 236) and compare their working conditions with the working environment of the Czech population. Another goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of working environment on the health of immigrants. The results, involving the majority of the population, were drawn from a study of the European Survey on Health in the Czech Republic EHIS 2008 (European Health Interview Survey). The study was published by the Institution of Health Studies and Statistics of the Czech Republic (ÚZIS) in 2011. The questionnaire styled survey was conducted in 2011. From the results, it is evident that the target group of immigrants is exposed to unfavourable working circumstances more than the Czech population. The biggest differences were observed in the sphere of “sexual harassment or other psychological pressure” and “discrimination”. A higher incidence of unfavourable working circumstances significantly increased the number of illnesses caused by the employment. Immigrants were exposed to a number of unfavourable working conditions that increased the risk of work-related injuries. Although the Czech legislation requires employers to provide each employee the training on safety rules when starting a job, the study results point to insufficient training of immigrants in the sphere of health protection.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- emigranti a imigranti * psychologie statistika a číselné údaje zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- etnicita psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- hygiena práce klasifikace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- násilí na pracovišti psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pracoviště psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pracovní expozice * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pracovní nehody psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pracovní zátěž * psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
