OBJECTIVES: To characterize the genetic basis of azithromycin resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella collected within the EU harmonized antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programme in 2014-18 and the Danish AMR surveillance programme in 2016-19. METHODS: WGS data of 1007 E. coli [165 azithromycin resistant (MIC > 16 mg/L)] and 269 Salmonella [29 azithromycin resistant (MIC > 16 mg/L)] were screened for acquired macrolide resistance genes and mutations in rplDV, 23S rRNA and acrB genes using ResFinder v4.0, AMRFinder Plus and custom scripts. Genotype-phenotype concordance was determined for all isolates. Transferability of mef(C)-mph(G)-carrying plasmids was assessed by conjugation experiments. RESULTS: mph(A), mph(B), mef(B), erm(B) and mef(C)-mph(G) were detected in E. coli and Salmonella, whereas erm(C), erm(42), ere(A) and mph(E)-msr(E) were detected in E. coli only. The presence of macrolide resistance genes, alone or in combination, was concordant with the azithromycin-resistant phenotype in 69% of isolates. Distinct mph(A) operon structures were observed in azithromycin-susceptible (n = 50) and -resistant (n = 136) isolates. mef(C)-mph(G) were detected in porcine and bovine E. coli and in porcine Salmonella enterica serovar Derby and Salmonella enterica 1,4, [5],12:i:-, flanked downstream by ISCR2 or TnAs1 and associated with IncIγ and IncFII plasmids. CONCLUSIONS: Diverse azithromycin resistance genes were detected in E. coli and Salmonella from food-producing animals and meat in Europe. Azithromycin resistance genes mef(C)-mph(G) and erm(42) appear to be emerging primarily in porcine E. coli isolates. The identification of distinct mph(A) operon structures in susceptible and resistant isolates increases the predictive power of WGS-based methods for in silico detection of azithromycin resistance in Enterobacterales.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * farmakologie MeSH
- azithromycin * farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální geny MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence * genetika MeSH
- epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
- Escherichia coli * účinky léků genetika MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie MeSH
- makrolidy farmakologie MeSH
- maso * mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
- plazmidy genetika MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- Salmonella * účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
V době od 28. března do 2. dubna 2023 onemocnělo akutní gastroenteritidou po konzumaci pokrmů z potravy celkem 135 osob (52 mužů a 83 žen) ve věku od 2 do 79 let z celkového počtu 339 exponovaných osob (339 vydaných porcí). Attack rate činil 39,82 %. Nákaza měla středně těžký až těžký průběh s dobou trvání až několik dnů. Celkem 8 osob bylo hospitalizováno ve zdravotnických zařízeních, další desítky osob byly ambulantně ošetřeny. V rámci této kauzy bylo provedeno celkem 102 odběrů biologického materiálu a 51 odběrů z potravin a prostředí. Souběžně byla prováděna též mnohočetná epidemiologická šetření a probíhala úzká spolupráce zejména s odborem hygieny výživy. Laboratorní výsledky vyšetření odebraných biologických materiálů (rektálních výtěrů) na bakteriologii byly v 99 případech pozitivní na agens Salmonella Thompson a 3krát byla potvrzena pozitivita u vzorků z potravin a z prostředí. Finálně bylo potvrzeno, že kmeny S. Thompson z odebraných vzorků tvořily jednoznačně identifikovatelný cluster, a to izolovaný cluster geneticky souvisejících izolátů, který se nacházel pouze v ČR.
Between 28 March and 2 April 2023, a total of 135 persons (52 males and 83 females) aged between 2 and 79 years contracted acute gastroenteritis after consuming food, out of a total of 339 exposed persons (339 servings dispensed). The attack rate was 39.82%. The course of the infection was moderate to severe with a duration of up to several days, and a total of 8 persons were hospitalized in health care facilities, while dozens of other persons were treated as outpatients. A total of 102 biological material samples and 51 food and environmental samples were taken in this case. Concurrently, multiple epidemiological investigations were also carried out and close cooperation was maintained, in particular with the Division of Food Hygiene. The laboratory results of bacteriological testing of the collected biological materials (rectal swabs) were positive for Salmonella Thompson in 99 cases, and positivity was confirmed 3 times in food and environmental samples. Finally, it was confirmed that the S. Thompson strains from the collected samples formed a uniquely identifiable cluster, namely an isolated cluster of genetically related isolates that was found only in the Czech Republic.
- Klíčová slova
- Salmonella Thompson,
- MeSH
- epidemie MeSH
- hygiena MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
- restaurace MeSH
- Salmonella izolace a purifikace MeSH
- salmonelóza * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- kolaterální senzitivita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky * metody MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku MeSH
- řízení kvality MeSH
- Salmonella enterica izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- Salmonella izolace a purifikace klasifikace patogenita MeSH
- séroskupina MeSH
- Staphylococcus lugdunensis izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- testování odbornosti laboratoří * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- zprávy MeSH
Overpopulation of domestic pigeons is considered to be one of the major problems of urban centers, as these birds are responsible for the dissemination of relevant pathogens to animal and human health. The aim of this study was to detect potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in domestic pigeons captured in areas near silos used for grain and feed storage, analyzing the antimicrobial sensitivity and the presence of virulence-associated genes. We evaluated 41 pigeons. From each bird, cecal contents and a pool of viscera (heart, spleen, and liver) were collected. Fifty strains of E. coli and three strains of S. Typhimurium were isolated. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay showed that 2% of the isolates of E. coli were resistant to chloramphenicol and the combination of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim and 4% to tetracycline, doxycycline, and sulfonamide. The three S. Typhimurium strains were sensitive to all antimicrobials tested. The pathogenicity profile demonstrated that no E. coli isolates showed a STEC compatible profile. Regarding the APEC pathotype, all genes were observed in 8% of E. coli, 6% had only the iss gene and 4% presented ompT, hlyF, and iutA genes. invA, hilA, avrA, and lpfA genes were detected in 100% of Salmonella isolates. The sitC and pefA genes were only present in one strain and the remaining genes were detected in two. In conclusion, it was found that pigeons living in the vicinity of silos are carriers of important pathogens, and control measures should be taken to minimize animal and human health risks.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální infekce epidemiologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence účinky léků genetika MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika MeSH
- Columbidae mikrobiologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Salmonella účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- virulence genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Brazílie MeSH
- MeSH
- maso mikrobiologie MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Salmonella * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- veterinární lékařství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Polsko MeSH
Reptile contact can result in zoonotic non-typhoidal salmonellosis. In April 2018, Oregon Public Health Division contacted CDC about a cluster of four Salmonella serovar Fluntern (SF) illnesses in four states (OR, CA, IA, NY); patients reported contact with geckos, a popular reptile pet. PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network of food-borne disease surveillance, subsequently identified additional SF clinical isolates. Twelve cases in 11 states were identified; median age was 5 years (range: <1-58 years). Three patients were hospitalized; no deaths were reported. Of those with exposure information (n = 10), all reported reptile exposure; 9 (90%) specified contact with leopard geckos. No common source of geckos was identified from reported purchase locations. Los Angeles County (LAC) health officials isolated SF from one patient's leopard gecko. Five reptile/gecko isolates were identified from the USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) from 2015 to 2018. Five countries responded to an Epidemic Intelligence Information System post by PulseNet; reptile isolate sequence data were received from Czech Republic. A clinical case from England was identified through the National Center for Biotechnology Information pathogen detection pipeline; the patient did not report contact with leopard geckos. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed substantial genetic diversity between clinical and animal isolates; however, gecko and clinical isolates from LAC were highly related (1 allele difference). This investigation linking SF illnesses to leopard geckos highlights an important public health risk from pets. A better understanding of how geckos are distributed by the pet industry in the United States could improve traceability to points of origin and mitigate Salmonella transmission at gecko breeders. Earlier NVSL reports of SF isolates from geckos suggest the risk of human SF infection from geckos is not new. This investigation demonstrates a need to educate gecko breeders, retailers and gecko owners about the continued Salmonella infection risk from pet geckos.
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- domácí zvířata mikrobiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- hospitalizace MeSH
- ještěři mikrobiologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Salmonella genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- salmonelová infekce u zvířat přenos MeSH
- zoonózy mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
- kontrola potravin MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Salmonella izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- salmonelóza * epidemiologie patologie přenos MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- školky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- zprávy MeSH
The success of microfluidic immunocapture based on magnetic beads depends primarily on a sophisticated microscale separation system and on the quality of the magnetic immunosorbent. A microfluidic chip containing a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (μMSFB), developed for the capture and on-chip amplification of bacteria, was recently described by Pereiro et al.. The present work shows the thorough development of anti-Salmonella magnetic immunosorbents with the optimal capture efficiency and selectivity. Based on the corresponding ISO standards, these parameters have to be high enough to capture even a few cells of bacteria in a proper aliquot of sample, e.g. milk. The selection of specific anti-Salmonella IgG molecules and the conditions for covalent bonding were the key steps in preparing an immunosorbent of the desired quality. The protocol for immunocapturing was first thoroughly optimized and studied in a batchwise arrangement, and then the carrier was integrated into the μMSFB chip. The combination of the unique design of the chip (guaranteeing the collision of cells with magnetic beads) with the advanced immunosorbent led to a Salmonella cell capture efficiency of up to 99%. These high values were achieved repeatedly even in samples of milk differing in fat content. The rate of nonspecific capture of Escherichia coli (i.e. the negative control) was only 2%.
- MeSH
- Escherichia coli izolace a purifikace MeSH
- imunoglobulin G chemie MeSH
- imunomagnetická separace přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- laboratoř na čipu MeSH
- mikrofluidní analytické techniky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- mikrosféry MeSH
- mléko chemie MeSH
- Salmonella cytologie imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
