OBJECTIVES: The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of gentamicin 240 mg plus azithromycin 2 g for treatment of uncomplicated rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhoea compared to ceftriaxone 500 mg plus azithromycin 2 g, the recommended European first-line gonorrhoea treatment. METHODS: A non-inferiority, open-label, single-centre randomized controlled trial was conducted in Prague, Czech Republic. Patients, 18-75 years of age, diagnosed with uncomplicated rectal or pharyngeal gonorrhoea by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) were randomized to treatment with gentamicin 240 mg intramuscularly plus azithromycin 2 g orally or ceftriaxone 500 g intramuscularly plus azithromycin 2 g orally. The primary outcome was negative culture and negative NAAT, i.e. 1 week and 3 weeks, respectively, after treatment. RESULTS: Both clinical cure and microbiological clearance was achieved by 100% (95% CI 0.95-1.00) of patients in the gentamicin/azithromycin arm (n = 72; 40 rectal, 17 pharyngeal and 15 rectal+pharyngeal infections both localizations) and 100% (95% CI 0.95-1.00) in ceftriaxone/azithromycin arm (n = 71; 38 rectal, 14 pharyngeal and 19 rectal+pharyngeal infections). The absolute difference between the two arms was 0.0% (CI95% -5.1 to 5.1), thus less than the pre-specified margin of 7%. Administration of gentamicin was not more painful than ceftriaxone according to the visual analogue scale (1.8 vs. 3.4; p <0.001). Gastrointestinal adverse events were similar in the ceftriaxone arm (33/71, 46.5%) and the gentamicin arm (29/72, 40.3%), and overall in most (52/62, 83.9%) cases they were mild. CONCLUSIONS: Gentamicin 240 mg plus azithromycin 2 g is an effective alternative for treatment of extragenital gonorrhoea.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- azithromycin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- ceftriaxon aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- farynx mikrobiologie MeSH
- gentamiciny aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- gonorea farmakoterapie MeSH
- injekce intramuskulární MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- rektum mikrobiologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Anaerobic fungi are potent fibre degrading microbes in the equine hindgut, yet our understanding of their diversity and community structure is limited to date. In this preliminary work, using a clone library approach we studied the diversity of anaerobic fungi along six segments of the horse hindgut: caecum, right ventral colon (RVC), left ventral colon (LVC), left dorsal colon (LDC), right dorsal colon (RDC) and rectum. Of the 647 ITS1 clones, 61.7 % were assigned to genus level groups that are so far without any cultured representatives, and 38.0 % were assigned to the cultivated genera Neocallimastix (35.1 %), Orpinomyces (2.3 %), and Anaeromyces (0.6 %). AL1 dominated the group of uncultured anaerobic fungi, particularly in the RVC (88 %) and LDC (97 %). Sequences from the LSU clone library analysis of the LDC, however, split into two distinct phylogenetic clusters with low sequence identity to Caecomyces sp. (94-96 %) and Liebetanzomyces sp. (92 %) respectively. Sequences belonging to cultured Neocallimastix spp. dominated in LVC (81 %) and rectum (75.5 %). Quantification of anaerobic fungi showed significantly higher concentrations in RVC and RDC compared to other segments, which influenced the interpretation of the changes in anaerobic fungal diversity along the horse hindgut. These preliminary findings require further investigation.
- MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- cékum mikrobiologie MeSH
- DNA fungální chemie genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- houby klasifikace genetika MeSH
- kolon mikrobiologie MeSH
- koně mikrobiologie MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- mykobiom * MeSH
- rektum mikrobiologie MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Vaginal and/or rectal Escherichia coli colonization of pregnant women is sometimes associated with neonatal infections. Despite the relevance of these strains, they have been rarely described before. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare vaginal (VEC) and rectal E. coli (REC) isolates in respect of antimicrobial susceptibility and the frequency of virulence-associated genes (VAGs). The antimicrobial susceptibility of 50 VEC and 50 REC isolates was performed by using the disc diffusion method, and VAGs were detected by PCR. There were no significant differences in the antimicrobial resistance between VEC and REC. Both VEC and REC isolates were mostly resistant to ticarcillin (36 and 30%) and ampicillin (36 and 22%). None of the tested isolates was positive for ESBL. Gene's fimH, fimA, sfa/foc, iutA, ibeA, hlyF, and neuC were detected, respectively, in 98, 92, 32, 28, 12, 8, and 2% of VEC and in 94, 72, 12, 34, 8, 10, and 8% of REC isolates. The co-occurrence of fimA/H and sfa/foc genes was significantly more prevalent among VEC isolates, in comparison to REC isolates. The study indicated that VEC and REC isolates are quite similar in terms of antimicrobial non-susceptibility and VAGs.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální geny genetika MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- DNA bakterií MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- faktory virulence genetika MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekční komplikace v těhotenství mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- rektum mikrobiologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vagina mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Polsko MeSH
- MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- Chlamydia trachomatis genetika MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza MeSH
- homosexualita mužská MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty diagnóza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymphogranuloma venereum diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- rektum mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Since the notification of the first case of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in the Czech Republic in 2010, the numbers of LGV cases have steadily increased in the country. In 2015, 40 LGV cases were diagnosed, bringing the total for 2010-2015, to 88 cases. The profile of the most affected group, HIV-positive men who have sex with men with a previous sexually transmitted infection, matches that of those described in LGV outbreaks in western Europe.
- MeSH
- anální kanál mikrobiologie MeSH
- Chlamydia trachomatis genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby * MeSH
- homosexualita mužská * MeSH
- inguinální kanál mikrobiologie MeSH
- koinfekce epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymphogranuloma venereum diagnóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- rektum mikrobiologie MeSH
- sexuálně přenosné nemoci bakteriální diagnóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Only limited information exists concerning the microbiota in beaver (Castor fiber). This study has been focused on the virulence factors genes detection in enterococci from beavers. In general, animals are not affected by enterococcal infections, but they can be a reservoir of, e.g. pathogenic strains. Moreover, detection of virulence factors genes in enterococci from beavers was never tested before. Free-living beavers (12), male and female (age 4-5 years) were caught in the north-east part of Poland. Sampling of lower gut and faeces was provided according to all ethical rules for animal handling. Samples were treated using a standard microbiological method. Pure bacterial colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) identification system. Virulence factors genes-gelE (gelatinase), agg (aggregation), cylA (cytolysin A), efaAfs (adhesin Enterococcus faecalis), efaAfm (adhesin Enterococcus faecium) and esp (surface protein) were tested by PCR. Moreover, gelatinase and antibiotic phenotypes were tested. Species detected were Enterococcus thailandicus, E. faecium, E. faecalis and Enterococcus durans. In literature, enterococcal species distribution was never reported yet up to now. Strains were mostly sensitive to antibiotics. Vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis EE9Tr1 possess cylA, efaAfs, esp and gelE genes. Strains were aggregation substance genes absent. Adhesin E. faecium (efaAfm) gene was detected in two of three E. faecium strains, but it was present also in E. thailandicus. Esp gene was present in EE9Tr1 and E. durans EDTr92. The most detected were gelE, efaAfm genes; in EF 4Hc1 also gelatinase phenotype was found. Strains with virulence factors genes will be tested for their sensitivity to antimicrobial enterocins.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky MeSH
- Enterococcus klasifikace účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- faktory virulence analýza genetika MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- grampozitivní bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- hlodavci mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- rektum mikrobiologie MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- želatinasy analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Polsko MeSH
Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). The novel strains shared 99.2-99.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate this group of new isolates. The type strain is MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T).
- MeSH
- bakteriální geny MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
- Lactobacillus klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mastné kyseliny chemie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- myši mikrobiologie MeSH
- peptidoglykan chemie MeSH
- rektum mikrobiologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- tenké střevo mikrobiologie MeSH
- zastoupení bazí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Autorky popisují případ 22letého homosexuálního muže s chronickou gonoroickou proktitidou. Uvádějí současný přehled problematiky gonoroické infekce rektální sliznice. Zaměřují se na možnosti diagnostiky a léčby tohoto onemocnění.
The authors describe the case of a 22-year-old homosexual man with a chronic gonorrhoic proctitis. The article summarize recent knowledge concerning gonorrhoic infection of the rectal mucosa and focus on the possibilities of its diagnosis and treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- gonoroická proktitida, gonococcal proctitis,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- gonorea komplikace mikrobiologie MeSH
- homosexualita mužská MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae izolace a purifikace MeSH
- proktitida diagnóza farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- rektum mikrobiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- sliznice patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
In the period between September 2002 and May 2004, a total of 6023 rectal swabs from humans in the Czech Republic were evaluated and 821 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated. Nine strains (1.1 %) were identified as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Two strains were VanA Enterococcus faecium, one strain was VanB Enterococcus faecalis and six strains were VanC Enterococcus casseliflavus. In total, 527 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from poultry breeds of which 11 (2.1 %) were VRE. Most (54.5 %) were identified as VanA E. faecium. Cluster analysis of SmaI-generated macrorestriction patterns showed high variability in both human and animal VRE strains and no relatedness between strains from the two sources.
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- DNA fingerprinting MeSH
- drůbež mikrobiologie MeSH
- Enterococcus genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace účinky léků MeSH
- financování vládou MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- grampozitivní bakteriální infekce epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- kloaka mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ligasy tvořící vazby C-O genetika MeSH
- peptidsynthasy genetika MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
- přenašečství epidemiologie MeSH
- rektum mikrobiologie MeSH
- restrikční endonukleasy typu II MeSH
- rezistence na vankomycin genetika MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
