INTRODUCTION: The use of signal dogs for cancer detection is not yet routinely performed,but dogs and their powerful olfactory system have proven to be a unique and valuable tool for many lineages and are beginning to be incorporated into medical practice. This method has great advantages; the dog can detect a tumour in the human body already in preclinical stages, when the patient has no symptoms yet. The identification of cancer biomarkers to enable early diagnosis is a need for many types of cancer, whose prognosis is strongly dependent on the stage of the disease. However, this method also has its various pitfalls that must be taken into account. AIM: The aim of the study was to identify and highlight the factors that affect the level of detection accuracy, but also the conditions associated with olfactometric diagnosis. METHODS: The study included 48 dogs and 48 handlers, that were part of the training between 2016 and 2023.All those who started olfactometry training and remained in training for at least one year were included in the study. The dogs ranged in age from 8 months to 12 years and were of different races and sexes. After long-term observation, a qualitative analysis was performed and factors that may play a role in the early detection of the disease were listed. RESULTS: The results of the search for the different factors have been compiled into two groups, focussing on the actual handling of the patient biological sample from collection, processing, storage until transport, preparation of the sample,and detection. Focus on the actual work and behaviour of the dog and handler. CONCLUSION: There are many factors; however, it is worth addressing them because the canine sense of smell is one of the possible uses as a diagnostic method.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: This study aimed to identify sleep profiles in a representative sample of Slovak adolescents and investigate their associations with adiposity indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS: Data from the 2022 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in Slovakia were analysed. Survey questions on sleep duration and problems from the entire HBSC sample (n = 8906) were used to identify sleep profiles. Associations with adiposity indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness were investigated in a subsample of 924 adolescents (average age 13.3 ± 1.48; 56.2% boys) who completed the HBSC survey, bioimpedance analysis, and 20-metre shuttle run test. RESULTS: Three sleep profiles were identified-optimal sleepers, optimal sleepers with sporadic sleep problems and poor sleepers. Crude models showed that poor sleepers had significantly higher body fat percentage and fat mass index, along with lower cardiorespiratory fitness, compared to optimal sleepers. After adjustment, only the association between sleep profiles and cardiorespiratory fitness remained significant. CONCLUSION: The observed associations between sleep profiles and cardiorespiratory fitness may help better target future intervention resources towards adolescents with low cardiorespiratory fitness levels.

• MeSH
• adipozita * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kardiorespirační zdatnost * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• spánek * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Psychotherapy outcomes are typically measured in terms of symptom relief. However, this method might overlook important changes from clients' perspectives when they are asked to report on them. A more client-centred approach might bring a deeper understanding of psychotherapy outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes identified by clients within qualitative psychotherapy research. METHODS: The PsycArticles, PsycInfo, and MEDLINE Complete databases were searched for English language studies published until Nov 11, 2023. Additional studies were identified through references in the primary studies and previous meta-analyses or systematic reviews. Search terms were related to psychotherapy and counselling, clients' or patients' experiences, psychotherapy outcomes and changes, post-treatment perspectives, and types of qualitative methods. Qualitative studies on client-identified outcomes of individual psychotherapy were included. Findings related to clients' perceptions of psychotherapy outcomes were extracted (by ML and checked by TR and LT) and analysed (by all authors) using the descriptive-interpretative meta-analytic approach. All authors have personally experienced psychotherapy as clients. This study was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021277330). FINDINGS: We included 177 studies in the qualitative meta-analysis, from 24 countries, including descriptions from 2908 clients. Most of the studies were of good quality; they covered a wide range of therapeutic approaches and diagnoses. The descriptions of psychotherapy outcomes were classified into 60 meta-categories and grouped into ten clusters. These clusters related to clients' relational and social functioning; their emotional functioning; self-awareness, self-understanding, and more adaptive cognitive processing; behavioural functioning; developing their own resources; clients' attitudes towards themselves; generally embracing life; symptom and problem change; and more general wellbeing. The tenth cluster was outcomes that could not be clearly attributed to psychotherapy, which was considered outside the scope of this study. INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis showed that clients value outcome dimensions beyond symptom reduction, such as deeper self-understanding, enhanced self-agency, and greater social engagement. By examining psychotherapy outcomes across various diagnoses and therapeutic approaches, we highlight limitations in traditional outcome measures, showing the need for more comprehensive, client-centred assessment tools and the value of incorporating qualitative methods into understanding dimensions of change. FUNDING: European Union.

• MeSH
• duševní poruchy terapie   psychologie   MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychoterapie * metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The aim of the present study was to examine gender and age-specific effects on subjective daytime sleepiness (as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale), body weight and eating behaviour in patients with central disorders of hypersomnolence. Based on the European Narcolepsy Network database, we compared 1035 patients with narcolepsy type I and 505 patients with other central disorders of hypersomnolence ("narcoleptic borderland"), including narcolepsy type II (N = 308) and idiopathic hypersomnia (N = 174), using logistic regression and general linear models. In the entire study population, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was higher in women (N = 735, mean age = 30 years, mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale = 16.6 ± SD 3.9) than in men (N = 805, mean age = 32 years, mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale = 15.8 ± SD 4.4). In women with narcolepsy type I (N = 475), both Epworth Sleepiness Scale and body mass index increased in parallel with age. In women of the narcoleptic borderland (N = 260), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale markedly peaked in their early 30s, while body mass index only started to rise at that age. This rise in body mass index following the Epworth Sleepiness Scale peak cannot be explained by sleepiness-induced uncontrolled eating, as self-reported uncontrolled eating was negatively associated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in this group. We propose that the narcoleptic borderland harbours a unique cluster of women in their fertile years with an unexplored aetiology requiring further investigation towards tailored interventions.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• narkolepsie * patofyziologie   MeSH
• poruchy nadměrné spavosti * patofyziologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The actions required to achieve higher-quality and harmonised global surveillance of child and adolescent movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour including screen time, sleep) are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To identify how to improve surveillance of movement behaviours, from the perspective of experts. METHODS: This Delphi Study involved 62 experts from the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years and Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA). Two survey rounds were used, with items categorised under: (1) funding, (2) capacity building, (3) methods, and (4) other issues (e.g., policymaker awareness of relevant WHO Guidelines and Strategies). Expert participants ranked 40 items on a five-point Likert scale from 'extremely' to 'not at all' important. Consensus was defined as > 70% rating of 'extremely' or 'very' important. RESULTS: We received 62 responses to round 1 of the survey and 59 to round 2. There was consensus for most items. The two highest rated round 2 items in each category were the following; for funding (1) it was greater funding for surveillance and public funding of surveillance; for capacity building (2) it was increased human capacity for surveillance (e.g. knowledge, skills) and regional or global partnerships to support national surveillance; for methods (3) it was standard protocols for surveillance measures and improved measurement method for screen time; and for other issues (4) it was greater awareness of physical activity guidelines and strategies from WHO and greater awareness of the importance of surveillance for NCD prevention. We generally found no significant differences in priorities between low-middle-income (n = 29) and high-income countries (n = 30) or between SUNRISE (n = 20), AHKGA (n = 26) or both (n = 13) initiatives. There was a lack of agreement on using private funding for surveillance or surveillance research. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a prioritised and international consensus list of actions required to improve surveillance of movement behaviours in children and adolescents globally.

• MeSH
• budování kapacit MeSH
• čas strávený před obrazovkou * MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• delfská metoda * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• spánek MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The formation of memories is a complex, multi-scale phenomenon, especially when it involves integration of information from various brain systems. We have investigated the differences between a novel and consolidated association of spatial cues and amphetamine administration, using an in situ hybridisation method to track the short-term dynamics during the recall testing. We have found that remote recall group involves smaller, but more consolidated groups of neurons, which is consistent with their specialisation. By employing machine learning analysis, we have shown this pattern is especially pronounced in the VTA; furthermore, we also uncovered significant activity patterns in retrosplenial and prefrontal cortices, as well as in the DG and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus. The behavioural propensity towards the associated localisation appears to be driven by the nucleus accumbens, however, further modulated by a trio of the amygdala, VTA and hippocampus, as the trained association is confronted with test experience. Moreover, chemogenetic analysis revealed central amygdala as critical for linking appetitive emotional states with spatial contexts. These results show that memory mechanisms must be modelled considering individual differences in motivation, as well as covering dynamics of the process.

• MeSH
• amfetamin farmakologie   MeSH
• amygdala fyziologie   MeSH
• hipokampus * fyziologie   MeSH
• konsolidace paměti * fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• neurony fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nucleus accumbens * fyziologie   MeSH
• odměna * MeSH
• paměť fyziologie   MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• prefrontální mozková kůra fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpomínání * fyziologie   MeSH
• strojové učení MeSH
• tegmentum mesencephali - area ventralis * fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: To examine the organisational (i.e., perceived organisational support and psychologically safe environment) and individual (i.e., value, belief and norm) antecedents that strengthen healthcare workers' speaking-up behaviour in a developing economy. DESIGN: The study uses a cross-sectional design to gather the same data from healthcare workers within the Ashanti Region of Ghana. METHODS: The data collection happened between 15 June and 30 August 2023. A sample of 380 healthcare workers was selected from 20 facilities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. A configurational approach, a fussy-set qualitative comparative analysis, was used to identify the configurations that caused high and low speaking-up behaviour among the study sample. RESULTS: The study results reveal that whereas four configurations generate high speaking-up behaviour, three configurations, by contrast, produce low speaking-up behaviour among healthcare workers. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that in so far as organisational support systems which take the form of a psychologically safe environment and perceived organisational support are vital in relaxing the hierarchical boundaries in a healthcare setting to improve healthcare workers' speaking-up behaviour, the individual value-based factors that take the form of values, beliefs and norms are indispensable as it provides the healthcare workers with the necessary inner drive to regard speaking-up behaviour on patient safety and care as a moral duty. IMPACT: Healthcare workers' speaking-up behaviour is better achieved when organisational support systems complement the individual norms, values and beliefs of the individual. REPORTING METHOD: Adhered to Strengthening Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• organizační kultura * MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• zdravotnický personál * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Ghana MeSH

Deprese v dětském a adolescentním věku je ovlivněna vývojovým stadiem. Děti a dospívající, stejně jako dospělí, mohou pociťovat smutek, trpět nespavostí, mít sníženou chuť k jídlu, mít sebevražedné myšlenky. Často se u nich projevují somatické obtíže nebo poruchy chování. S depresí je také spojeno suicidální jednání, kdy zejména pro adolescentní věk je typický suicidální pokus. Narůstajícím problémem je sebepoškozování, u kterého není úmysl zemřít, je však rizikovým faktorem pro sebevražedný pokus nebo dokonané suicidium. Depresivní symptomatika může být přítomna jako komorbidní při dalších psychických poruchách, jako jsou poruchy příjmu potravy, psychotické poruchy a poruchy aktivity a pozornosti. Léčba vyžaduje přístupy psychofarmakologické i psychoterapeutické, důležitá je práce s rodinou.

Depression in childhood and adolescence is determined by the developmental stage of child. Children and adolescents, like adults, may experience sadness, suffer from insomnia, have a decreased appetite, or have suicidal thoughts. They often develop somatic or behavioural difficulties. Suicidal behavior is also associated with depression, with suicide attempts being typical, particularly in adolescence. Self harm is a growing problem, in which there is no intention to die, but it is a risk factor for suicide attempt or completed suicide. Depressive symptoma- tology may be present as a comorbidity in other psychiatric disorders such as eating disorders, psychotic disorders, and activity and attention disorders. Treatment requires psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches, such as family therapy

Příručka se zaměřuje na praktická cvičení z terapie uměním, kterou lze využít v terapii úzkosti, deprese nebo PTSD. Určeno široké veřejnosti.; Kniha obsahuje 75 art terapeutických aktivit pro zvládání poruch nálady a osobnosti. Každé cvičení obsahuje vysvětlení jeho účelu a možných výsledků spolu s řadou zasvěcených otázek k dané aktivitě. Autorka používá výtvarné umění jako nástroj k odstranění úzkostí, posttraumatických stresových poruch a objevení skrytých ozdravných schopností. Její arteterapeutické techniky propojují člověka s jeho podvědomím a používáním vlastní intuice k zvýšení sebevědomí, lepšímu rozhodování se a účelnějšího způsobu života. Naučte se základům různých uměleckých technik médií, jako jsou kresba, malba a sochařství a současně zlepšete svoje psychické zdraví. K zvládnutí všech cvičení nejsou nutné žádné předchozí umělecké zkušenosti ani zvláštní nadání.

• MeSH
• arteterapie MeSH
• deprese MeSH
• kognitivně behaviorální terapie MeSH
• posttraumatická stresová porucha MeSH
• samoléčba MeSH
• úzkost MeSH
• Publikační typ
• populární práce MeSH
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NLK Obory
• psychoterapie
• zdravotní výchova

BACKGROUND: Adolescents' movement behaviours (MB) vary between schooldays and weekends, potentially impacting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and well-being. This study aimed to identify transitions between 24-h MB profiles on schooldays and weekends and examine their associations with HRQoL and well-being. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 1070 Czech adolescents (average age: 13.8 years and standard deviation: 2.2 years; 56% girls). Participants wore accelerometers for 7 consecutive days to assess physical activity (PA) of different intensities, sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep. A subsample of 451 participants provided data on HRQoL, which was measured using the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and 484 provided valid well-being data measured with the 5-item World Health Organisation Well-Being Index. Latent transition analysis was used on the MB variables to identify transitions across MB profiles, and linear regression was used to examine associations between transitions and HRQoL or well-being. RESULTS: Four MB profiles were identified: Excellent (high PA, low SB and high sleep duration), Good (average MB values), Fair (below-average PA and sleep, above-average SB) and Poor (low PA and sleep, high SB). Most adolescents transitioned to less favourable profiles on weekends. Those remaining in the Excellent profile had higher HRQoL than those transitioning to less favourable profiles. Transitions to the Poor profile were associated with the lowest HRQoL and well-being scores. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the dynamic nature of adolescents' MB and the importance of consistent, healthy routines. Interventions optimizing 24-h MB throughout the week and especially on weekends may enhance adolescent HRQoL and well-being, but further evidence from longitudinal and intervention studies is needed. SUMMARY: We observed a contrast in 24-h MB between schooldays and weekends: 29.7% of adolescents were in the Excellent on schooldays, but only 5.8% did so on weekends, while the prevalence of the Poor profile rose from 1.6% on schooldays to 27.7% on weekends. Adolescents who maintained the Excellent profile across the whole week recorded the highest scores for HRQoL and well-being. Moving into the Poor profile on weekend was associated with about 9 points poorer HRQoL and 14 points lower well-being, compared with peers who remained in the Excellent profile. Behaviour change strategies should target the entire week to preserve PA, reduce SB and protect sleep.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chování mladistvých * psychologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• cvičení * psychologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• kvalita života * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sedavý životní styl MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH