Beta-glucan Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Stanovení hladin 1,3-beta-D-glukanu v klinickém materiálu patří do uznávaného spektra nekultivačních metod pro diagnostiku hlubokých houbových infekcí. Interpretace výsledků tohoto testu je mnohdy komplikovaná – nicméně ve spojení s pneumocystovou pneumonií má vyšetření řadu výhod a vhodně doplňuje standardní vyšetřovací metody, jako jsou mikroskopie a PCR.
The importance of 1,3-beta-D-glucan in diagnostics of pneumocystis pneumonia Determining the levels of 1,3-beta-D-glucan in the clinical material is a part of the spectrum of recognised non-cultivation methods for diagnosing deep, fungal infections. Interpretation of the results of this test is often complicated – however, it has many advantages in relation to pneumocystis pneumonia and it is a good addition to standard methods like microscopy and PCR.
BACKGROUND: The most important quality of beta-glucans and the reason why so much attention has been devoted to them are their physiological effects. They are typical biological response modifiers with pronounced immunomodulating activity. However, some questions about possible side effects remain. AIM: Several papers reported the lethal side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in glucan-treated mice, probably due to the peritonitis by enteric bacteria. However, these results were never independently confirmed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate these claims using several different types of glucans. METHODS: Effects of combined treatment with four different types of glucans and indomethacin were measured by evaluation of phagocytosis of HEMA particles by peripheral blood leukocytes and production of IL-6 in mouse serum. In addition, the level of blood glucose, colon length and survival after 30 days of treatment was measured. RESULTS: Our finding showed that simultaneous treatment with glucan and indomethacin caused a small decrease of phagocytic activity and IL-2 production. Two other tested parameters-blood glucose levels and colon length-that had been found to be significantly affected by this treatment, were virtually unchanged. In the final, yet most important part of the study, we found absolutely no mortality, regardless of the type of glucan or the routes of glucan administration. CONCLUSION: No adverse negative effects due to simultaneous treatment with glucan and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug dose was found, despite testing two different routes of glucan administration and four different types of glucan.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- beta-glukany aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- fagocytóza účinky léků MeSH
- imunologické faktory aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- indomethacin aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- interleukin-6 biosyntéza MeSH
- kolon účinky léků MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Úvod: Léčba fixním ortodontickým aparátem klade větší nároky na ústní hygienu a je u pacientů se špatnou hygienou nebo nesprávnou technikou čištění zubů spojena se zvýšeným usazováním zubního plaku (biofilnnu) v místech hůře přístupných. Tyto prostory mohou být predilekčním místem vzniku zubního kazu, gingivitid či parodontopatií. Cíl: Cílem studie bylo sledování tvorby a složení biofUmu na skupině pacientů s fixním ortodontickým aparátem a diagnostikovanou gingivitidou po opakovaném vyplachování úst roztoky beta-glukanu a laktátu hlinitého. Metody: Ve dvojitě slepé zkřížené ("cross-over") studii byly u subjektů (n=21) hodnoceny indexy zánétlivé, plakem podmíněné změny gingivy (CPITN), krvácivost dásňových papil (PBI), tvorba plaku (PLI) a přítomnost některých rezidentních bakterií před a po čtyřdenním vyplachování úst roztoky kombinace laktátu hlinitého s beta-glukaném, laktátu hlinitého a placebem bez současného mechanického čištění zubů a mezizubních prostor. Výsledky: PLI index vzrostl po používání všech tří ústních vod, u kombinace laktátu hlinitého s beta-glukanem poklesl index PBI; hodnoty CPITN vzrostly u placeba, u dvou experimentálních vod se hodnoty indexu nezměnily. Pří používání ústní vody s laktátem hlinitým došlo k poklesu celkového počtu sledovaných bakterií. Závěry: Ústní vody obsahující beta-glukan a/nebo laktát hlinitý se prokázaly jako biobezpečné. V kombinaci s mechanickým čištěním může beta-glukan v kombinaci s laktátem hlinitým rozšířit skupinu přírodních chemoprofylaktik v přípravcích ústní hygieny.
Introduction: For patients with fixed orthodontic appliances oral hygiene is demanding. Insufficient oral hygiene and inappropriate toothbmshing results in plaque (biofilm) in places that are difficult to reach. These can become places of early origin of caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Aim; This study focused on the formaition and composition of biofilm in the group of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, who were suffering from gingivitis a followinq repeated mouthwash with a solution of betaglucan and aluminium lactate. Methods: The double-blind cross-over study on 21 patients who were evaluated using community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), periodontal bleeding index (FBI), plaque formation index (PLI), and some resident bacteria before and after four days treatment with rinses of beta-gluca" and aluminium lactate, aluminium lactate and placebo, without simultaneous mechanical tootkh bmshing or cleaning of interdental spaces. Results: PLI increased after the use of all three mouthrinses. The combination of aluminium lactate and betaglucan caused decreased PBI; CPITN increased in the case of placebo; in two mouth rinses tested CPITN values did not change. When mouth rinse with aluminium lactate was used, the overall number of bacteria monitored lowered considerably. Conclusion: Mouth rinses with beta-glucan and/or aluminium lactate proved safe from the biological viewpoint. Together with mechanical tooth brushing, beta-glucan with aluminium lactate could be used as a natural chemo-prophylactic agent in oral hygiene.
- MeSH
- beta-glukany terapeutické užití MeSH
- biofilmy růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- čištění zubů * metody MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- indexy plaku MeSH
- laktáty * terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- orální hygiena metody MeSH
- ortodontické zámky * mikrobiologie MeSH
- placeba MeSH
- ústní vody * chemie MeSH
- zubní plak * farmakoterapie mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zubní prostředky domácí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
AIM: The purpose of this study was to prepare a coladerm-beta glucan membrane (CBGM) and to evaluate its biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity. METHODS: The biocompatibility of the membrane was studied on the base of cell adhesion and colonization of human fibroblasts on the biomaterial surface by light microscopy. The MTT test and LDH level determination in the culture medium removed from the control and cells treated on the membrane, were used for viability and cytotoxic evaluations. Flow cytometry and gel electrophoresis were used for analysis of cell cycle and death. The antimicrobial activity of CBGM was tested using the qualitative dilution method. Ames bacteria gene mutation test and Comet assay were used for mutagenic and genotoxic studies. RESULTS: MTT and LDH tests confirmed that CBGM is a non-toxic biomaterial. Flow cytometry and gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the membrane did not affect the cell cycle and did not induce either necrotic or apoptotic cell death. CBGM exhibited antibacterial activity against G(-) bacteria E. sakazakii, S. marcescens, E. coli and agains G(+) sporogenic bacteria B. cereus. No antifungal activity was detected. The membrane did not induce mutagenicity in the bacterial reverse mutation test in Salmonella Typhimurium strains. Similarly, the comet assay showed that the tested fibroblast cells growing with/without the membrane did not show any statistically significant DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS: The CBGM has good biocompatibility, no cytotoxicity/genotoxicity/mutagenicity and it can be included as a potential scaffold for tissue engineering.
BACKGROUND: Numerous types of glucans have been isolated from almost every species of yeast, grain, and fungi. These products have been extensively studied for their immunological and pharmacological effects. AIM: In this paper we evaluated the possibility whether individual glucans will be similarly active against each of the tested biological properties or if each glucan will affect different reactions. METHODS: Immunological effects of glucans were measured by evaluation of phagocytosis of HEMA particles by peripheral blood leukocytes and production of IL-2 by mouse splenocytes. Next we measured the effects of long-term treatment with glucan on levels of blood glucose and blood cholesterol. Four different glucans differing in origin (yeast, grain and mushroom) were used. RESULTS: Our results showed that the same glucan, yeast-derived insoluble #300 glucan, stimulated phagocytosis of peripheral blood leukocytes, production of IL-2 by mouse splenocytes, lowered the cholesterol levels in mice with experimentally-induced cholesterolemia and lowered the level of blood sugar after induced hyperglycaemie. The remainder of tested glucans were only marginally active. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our study showed that with respect to natural glucans, there is a yes-or-no effect suggesting that highly purified and highly active glucans will have pleiotropic impact, whereas poorly isolated and/or less active glucans will have only mediocre biological properties.
- MeSH
- beta-glukany farmakologie MeSH
- cholesterol krev MeSH
- fagocytóza účinky léků MeSH
- interleukin-2 biosyntéza MeSH
- krevní glukóza účinky léků MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Over the 5-year period (2000-2004), a significantly higher beta-glucan content was detected in the waxy varieties Washonubet, Wabet, and Wanubet (6.8-7.6%) and lines formed by crossing these varieties with malting varieties (5.8-7.1%). Conversely, the non-waxy hulled malting-type varieties Kompakt (4.0%) and Krona (4.3%) had significantly lower contents of beta-glucan. The observations also showed that concentrations of beta-glucans in 2000-2004 were significantly affected not only by varieties, but also environmental conditions in the growing periods and interactions of these two factors. Higher precipitation during the flowering time and grain filling period and lower temperatures during the flowering time in 2002 had negative effects on concentration of beta-glucans. Conversely, drier and warmer weather in 2003 enhanced the content of beta-glucans. The results show that it is possible to increase the content of beta-glucan in spring barley grain by implementing selective breeding practices. Compared to the parental malting varieties, the mean content of beta-glucans in F(4)-F(8) generations was increased by 1.8 and 2.0% by recombination in lines Kompakt x Wabet and Wanubet x Krona, respectively. Significant effect of environmental conditions and their interactions with varieties indicated the necessity to assess standard qualities of barley as a food material.
- MeSH
- beta-glukany analýza aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- biopotraviny MeSH
- déšť MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- ječmen (rod) genetika chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční hodnota MeSH
- potravní vláknina analýza aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- zemědělství metody MeSH
- životní prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
This study investigates the toxicity of WGP 3-6, a yeast-derived beta-glucan ingredient, during single-dose acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in rats. For the acute study, Fisher-344 rats were administered WGP 3-6 via gavage at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight, and any evidence of toxicity was monitored over a 14-day period. WGP 3-6 was well tolerated, indicating that the LD(50) value is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. For the sub-chronic study, Fisher-344 rats (10/sex/group) were randomly allocated to receive daily gavage treatment with WGP 3-6 at doses of 0, 2, 33.3, or 100 mg/kg body weight. Control and high-dose satellite recovery groups of each sex also were included. Full toxicological monitoring and endpoint investigations were performed throughout and upon completion of the study. No negative effects on animal weights or food consumption attributable to WGP 3-6 were evident at any dose. In addition, no mortality, clinical pathology, functional/behavioral, microscopic, or gross observations indicating toxicity were observed. Sporadic changes in some biochemical and hematological parameters were observed; however, since the effects were within the physiological ranges in historical controls, were not dose-responsive, or were not observed in both sexes, they were determined to be of no toxicological significance. In conclusion, no adverse or toxic effects were observed after subchronic oral administration of 2, 33.3, or 100mg/kg body weight/day of WGP 3-6 in Fisher-344 rats, and therefore, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 100 mg/kg body weight/day, the highest dose tested, was determined.
- MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- beta-glukany toxicita MeSH
- biochemická analýza krve MeSH
- dávka bez pozorovaného nepříznivého účinku MeSH
- gastrointestinální intubace MeSH
- hematologické testy MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- LD50 MeSH
- náhodné rozdělení MeSH
- potkani inbrední F344 MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae chemie MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost účinky léků MeSH
- testy akutní toxicity MeSH
- testy chronické toxicity MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Glucans are part of a group of biologically active natural molecules and are steadily gaining strong attention not only as an important food supplement, but also as an immunostimulant and potential drug. This paper represents an up-to-date review of glucans (β-1,3-glucans) and their role in various immune reactions and the treatment of cancer. With more than 80 clinical trials evaluating their biological effects, the question is not if glucans will move from food supplement to widely accepted drug, but how soon.
- MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Agaricales chemie MeSH
- antitumorózní látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- beta-glukany chemie farmakologie MeSH
- imunitní systém účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční hodnota MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
