- MeSH
- embryonální struktury MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- morfogeneze MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- embryonální struktury MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- morfogeneze MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated systemic disorder with a genetic predisposition. The availability of more specific serology tests showed that celiac disease is more common than previously suspected and that many patients do not demonstrate specific clinical or even histological sings. We present a case of celiac disease with the unset at 5 years, with recurrent episodes of diarrhea, weight loss and anemia. The serology tests showed a high level of IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies, exceeding 10 times the upper limit but the intestinal biopsy showed normal size villi, intact surface epithelium and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate at chorionic level (Marsh 1). The diagnosis of celiac disease was confirmed by resolution of symptoms and normal tissue transglutaminase antibodies level, six month after starting the gluten free diet.
- MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- celiakie * diagnóza dietoterapie patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
- hypochromní anemie MeSH
- imunoglobulin A imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- protilátky MeSH
- průjem MeSH
- sérologické testy * MeSH
- transglutaminasy imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Below-ground bud banks have experienced much recent interest due to discoveries that they (1) account for the majority of seasonal population renewal in many communities, (2) are crucial to regeneration following disturbance, and (3) have important consequences for plant population dynamics and plant and ecosystem function across a number of habitats. SCOPE: This review presents an overview of the role of bud banks in plant population renewal, examines bud bank life history, summarizes bud bank traits and their potential ecological implications, synthesizes the response of bud banks to disturbance, and highlights gaps to guide future research. The characteristics and life history of buds, including their natality, dormancy, protection and longevity, provide a useful framework for advancing our understanding of bud banks. The fate of buds depends on their age, size, type, location, and biotic and abiotic factors that collectively regulate bud bank dynamics. A bud bank can provide a demographic storage effect stabilizing population dynamics, and also confer resistance to disturbance and invasion. Regeneration capacity following disturbance is determined by interactions among the rates of bud natality, depletion and dormancy (meristem limitation), and the resources available to support the regeneration process. The resulting response of plants and their bud banks to disturbances such as fire, herbivory and anthropogenic sources determines the community's regenerative capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Vegetation responses to environmental change may be mediated through changes in bud bank dynamics and phenology. Environmental change that depletes the bud bank or prohibits its formation likely results in a loss of vegetation resilience and plant species diversity. Standardization of bud sampling, examination of bud banks in more ecosystems and their response to environmental variation and disturbance regimes, employment of stage-structured bud bank modelling and evaluation of the cost of bud bank construction and maintenance will benefit this expanding field of research.
Bud outgrowth is controlled by environmental and endogenous factors. Through the use of the photosynthesis inhibitor norflurazon and of masking experiments, evidence is given here that light acts mainly as a morphogenic signal in the triggering of bud outgrowth and that initial steps in the light signaling pathway involve cytokinins (CKs). Indeed, in rose (Rosa hybrida), inhibition of bud outgrowth by darkness is suppressed solely by the application of CKs. In contrast, application of sugars has a limited effect. Exposure of plants to white light (WL) induces a rapid (after 3-6 h of WL exposure) up-regulation of CK synthesis (RhIPT3 and RhIPT5), of CK activation (RhLOG8), and of CK putative transporter RhPUP5 genes and to the repression of the CK degradation RhCKX1 gene in the node. This leads to the accumulation of CKs in the node within 6 h and in the bud at 24 h and to the triggering of bud outgrowth. Molecular analysis of genes involved in major mechanisms of bud outgrowth (strigolactone signaling [RwMAX2], metabolism and transport of auxin [RhPIN1, RhYUC1, and RhTAR1], regulation of sugar sink strength [RhVI, RhSUSY, RhSUC2, and RhSWEET10], and cell division and expansion [RhEXP and RhPCNA]) reveal that, when supplied in darkness, CKs up-regulate their expression as rapidly and as intensely as WL Additionally, up-regulation of CKs by WL promotes xylem flux toward the bud, as evidenced by Methylene Blue accumulation in the bud after CK treatment in the dark. Altogether, these results suggest that CKs are initial components of the light signaling pathway that controls the initiation of bud outgrowth.
- MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cytokininy metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- meristém genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- Rosa genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce účinky léků genetika účinky záření MeSH
- světlo * MeSH
- tma MeSH
- výhonky rostlin genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- vývojová regulace genové exprese účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- xylém genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
