Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) in Bulgaria shows increasing severity, especially in patients over sixty years. As T lymphocytes are the primary effector cells in MSF and are altered by the ageing process we aimed to specify the changes in their numbers in elderly patients. We performed a clinicoepidemiological study, haematological and biochemical analysis of 132 patients of 60+ and 30 patients between 19 and 57 years with MSF. We investigated the cell immunity of 20 patients of 60+ using immunofluocytometry. The control group consisted of 10 younger patients and 10 healthy individuals of 60+. MSF showed more unfavourable course in the elderly.We found T-lymphocytes depletion in all patients with MSF. Activated T lymphocytes were increased in elderly patients with MSF. We found significant differences between the number of activated T lymphocytes in elderly patients and healthy elderly persons. The observed T-lymphocytes depletion in MSF corresponded to the disease severity. The increase in the activated T lymphocytes in patients over 60 years contributes to an adequate immune response.
- MeSH
- CD3 Complex * physiology MeSH
- Immunity, Cellular * MeSH
- Antigens, CD physiology metabolism MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- HLA-DR Antigens MeSH
- Immune System physiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Boutonneuse Fever * metabolism physiopathology MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Rickettsia Infections diagnosis MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- T-Lymphocytes * physiology metabolism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells comprising up to 10% of the peripheral blood T cells in humans. During ontogeny, MAIT cells can first be detected in the cord blood in low amounts, but rise steadily after birth. In this population-based study, we show that their counts continue to increase, reaching maximal levels (4.5% of CD3(+) cells, 65 cells/μl) in the third and fourth decenniums. At this age, the amounts of MAIT cells exhibit the highest interindividual variability. The values then dramatically decline; subjects 80 years old and older have on average 10 times less MAIT cells, both absolutely and as a percentage among CD3(+) T cells, than subjects in fertile age. The senescence of MAIT cells is associated with decreased CD8/double negative (DN) ratio. Finally, we observed significantly higher amounts of MAIT cells in women of reproductive age than in men of the same age. Our data suggest that further studies aimed at elucidating a role of MAIT cells in human pathologies must recruit age- and gender-matched controls.
- MeSH
- CD3 Complex biosynthesis MeSH
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Immunologic Memory MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Lymphocyte Count MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Mucous Membrane cytology immunology MeSH
- Aging immunology MeSH
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- CD3 Complex MeSH
- Duodenum cytology immunology MeSH
- Ileum cytology immunology MeSH
- Jejunum cytology immunology MeSH
- Rabbits MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Intestinal Mucosa cytology immunology MeSH
- T-Lymphocytes immunology MeSH
- Tissue Extracts immunology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rabbits MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- MeSH
- Lymphocyte Activation MeSH
- CD3 Complex adverse effects MeSH
- Cytokines * analysis immunology MeSH
- Immunosuppression Therapy utilization MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Models, Genetic MeSH
- Mice, Inbred BALB C MeSH
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell * immunology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
Adenosine is a well described anti-inflammatory modulator of immune responses. The aim of the present study was to describe the role of common adenosine agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) in cytokine production by main porcine T cell subpopulations. TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 were detected by multicolor flow cytometry together with cell surface markers CD3, CD4 and CD8. It was found that NECA inhibits (in a dose-dependent manner) production of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and Th1-associated cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2 in all concanavalin A-stimulated T cell subpopulations. Moreover, production of IL-10 was potentiated in all T cell subpopulations tested. These corresponded well with the fact that all T cell subsets expressed mRNA for adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes to comparable extents. Contrary to concanavalin A-stimulated cells, NECA had a moderate effect on PMA-stimulated T cells, suggesting that AR in pigs acts via signaling pathways not associated with protein-kinase C. Non-selective antagonist CGS15943 as well as allosteric modulator SCH202676 failed to reverse the effect of NECA in pigs. In conclusion, NECA has an anti-inflammatory effect on porcine T cell subpopulations.
- MeSH
- Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) pharmacology MeSH
- Adenosine agonists physiology MeSH
- CD3 Complex physiology MeSH
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes drug effects physiology MeSH
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes drug effects physiology MeSH
- Quinazolines pharmacology MeSH
- Interferon-gamma biosynthesis physiology MeSH
- Interleukin-10 biosynthesis physiology MeSH
- Interleukin-2 biosynthesis physiology MeSH
- Concanavalin A pharmacology MeSH
- Swine immunology MeSH
- Flow Cytometry veterinary MeSH
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets drug effects physiology MeSH
- T-Lymphocytes drug effects physiology MeSH
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis physiology MeSH
- Triazoles pharmacology MeSH
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
- Inflammation physiopathology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute * drug therapy MeSH
- CD28 Antigens MeSH
- CD3 Complex immunology MeSH
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 * antagonists & inhibitors metabolism MeSH
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized * therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Membrane Glycoproteins MeSH
- Antibodies, Bispecific therapeutic use MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- T-Lymphocytes immunology metabolism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Defects in T cell function are known to be present in a subset of patients with CVID, but the true nature of these defects still has to be revealed. In prior studies we described that T cells from these patients show an impaired proliferative response following activation with recall antigens (E. coli, Tet. Tox., TBE and PPD). Gene expression of IL2 and IFN-gamma in patients' T cells following antigenic stimulation was significantly reduced compared to controls, while IL-2R transcripts were normal. To further characterize the defect we examined T cell responses to bacterial enterotoxins, collectively termed superantigens. Following stimulation with optimal (10 ng/ml p < 0.05) as well as suboptimal (1 ng/ml p < 0.0025) concentrations of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), proliferative response and cytokine release (IL-2 and IFNg) were significantly decreased in patients' T cells as compared to controls'. When patients' T cells were stimulated with staph. enterotox. C3 (SEC3) an even more pronounced difference between patients' and controls' T cells could be observed (10 ng/ml p < 0.002, 1 ng/ml p < 0.0005). Our data indicate that, in addition to the defect in antigen-induced T cell activation, T cells of CVID patients express a broader impairment in the interaction between the antigen presenting cell and the TCR.
- MeSH
- Lymphocyte Activation * MeSH
- CD3 Complex MeSH
- Antigens administration & dosage MeSH
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency * immunology MeSH
- Enterotoxins immunology MeSH
- Interferon-gamma biosynthesis MeSH
- Interleukin-2 biosynthesis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus immunology MeSH
- Superantigens administration & dosage MeSH
- T-Lymphocytes * immunology MeSH
- In Vitro Techniques MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
