We usually expect the dose-response curves of biological responses to quantifiable stimuli to be simple, either monotonic or exhibiting a single maximum or minimum. Deviations are often viewed as experimental noise. However, detailed measurements in plant primary tissue cultures (stem pith explants of kale and tobacco) exposed to varying doses of sucrose, cytokinins (BA or kinetin) or auxins (IAA or NAA) revealed that growth and several biochemical parameters exhibit multiple reproducible, statistically significant maxima over a wide range of exogenous substance concentrations. This results in complex, non-monotonic dose-response curves, reminiscent of previous reports of analogous observations in both metazoan and plant systems responding to diverse pharmacological treatments. These findings suggest the existence of a hitherto neglected class of biological phenomena resulting in dose-response curves exhibiting periodic patterns of maxima and minima, whose causes remain so far uncharacterized, partly due to insufficient sampling frequency used in many studies.

• MeSH
• biologické jevy * MeSH
• Brassica fyziologie   MeSH
• tabák fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• populace MeSH
• vzorkové studie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

This study describes a new method for fast identification of highly hydrophobic conidia of Aspergillus species from both simple and complex matrices. The method is based on recently developed preparative isoelectric focusing in a cellulose-based separation medium which had to be modified with respect to the highly hydrophobic surface of the conidia. Although Aspergillus conidia are colored, their zones in the cellulose bed were indicated by colored isoelectric point markers. The isoelectric point values of Aspergillus conidia were determined by capillary isoelectric focusing. Preparative isoelectric focusing was successfully used for preconcentration of individual conidia of cultivated strains of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus parasiticus, and also for separation of the conidia in a mixture. Subsequently, red pepper powder and peanuts spiked with Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus conidia, respectively, were used as complex matrices. The detection limit for identification of the conidia in these complex matrices is 104 conidia mL-1 . The presence of conidia in the focused zones was confirmed by their subsequent analysis by capillary isoelectric focusing. Their viability was confirmed by a cultivation of the conidia extracted from the collected fractions after preparative isoelectric focusing.

• MeSH
• Arachis mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Aspergillus chemie   MeSH
• Capsicum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• isoelektrická fokusace MeSH
• prášky, zásypy, pudry MeSH
• spory hub chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• duševní poruchy diagnóza   MeSH

Complex samples are a challenge for sequencing-based broad-range diagnostics. We analysed 19 urinary catheter, ureteral Double-J catheter, and urine samples using 3 methodological approaches. Out of the total 84 operational taxonomic units, 37, 61, and 88% were identified by culture, PCR-DGGE-SS (PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis followed by Sanger sequencing), and PCR-DGGE-RM (PCR- DGGE combined with software chromatogram separation by RipSeq Mixed tool), respectively. The latter approach was shown to be an efficient tool to complement culture in complex sample assessment.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• denaturační gradientová gelová elektroforéza metody   MeSH
• diagnostické techniky molekulární metody   MeSH
• diagnostické techniky urologické MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• moč chemie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• močové katétry mikrobiologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• software * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 play important roles in inflammation as well as in pain processes. For this reason, we compared the concentrations of these enzymes in skin and serum of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), other pain diseases and healthy subjects. We analyzed ipsi- and contralateral skin biopsies of 18 CRPS patients, as well as in 10 pain controls and 9 healthy subjects. Serum samples were analyzed from 20 CRPS, 17 pain controls and 17 healthy subjects. All samples were analyzed with ELISA. Concentrations were then compared to clinical data as well as to quantitative sensory testing data.MMP-2 was increased in both ipsi- and contralateral skin biopsies of CRPS patients compared to healthy subjects. While low ipsilateral MMP-2 was associated with trophic changes, contralateral MMP-2 inversely correlated with the CRPS severity. MMP-9 was also locally increased in ipsilateral CRPS skin, and higher ipsi- and contralateral MMP-9 levels correlated with CRPS severity. We conclude that MMP-2 and MMP-9 are differently expressed depending on the clinical phenotype in CRPS. PERSPECTIVE: This article describes an upregulation of MMPs in CRPS and pain controls and shows different expression of MMP-2 and -9 depending on clinical phenotype in CRPS. These results provide evidence that MMP-2 and -9 play a key role in CRPS pathophysiology.

• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• komplexní regionální syndromy bolesti metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kůže MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 2 metabolismus   MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 9 metabolismus   MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• zánět metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A study of complex protein mixtures obtained from biological samples by MS demands proper purification and separation technique. The method of divergent flow isoelectric focusing (DF IEF) promises improvement of sample preparation in proteomic studies. DF IEF was carried out in a separation channel with increasing width. The channel was cut out from a polyester nonwoven web. DC voltage (800 V) was brought to two pairs of electrodes situated on the channel sides. Amphoteric compounds, including proteins, drift through the channel carried by flow (18-25 ml/h) in streamlines given by their isoelectric points. The pH gradient (3-10) and its stability during analysis have been monitored with colored low-molecular mass pI markers. Separated fractions were collected in ten microvials and further analyzed by MS. The suggested method was used for separation and purification of crude protein extract from barley grain, malt, and beer. Collected fractions of separated proteins were characterized by MALDI-MS. Desalting during IEF enhanced significantly the quality of mass spectra. It also simplified monitoring of post-translational modifications and protein changes occurring during malting and brewing. Results have shown the real potential of the suggested DF IEF device lay-out as an efficient preparative tool for separation and purification of complex protein mixtures for further analyses.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• elektrody MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• isoelektrická fokusace metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• metody pro přípravu analytických vzorků metody   MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• proteiny analýza   MeSH
• proteomika MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder causing benign tumors in the brain and other vital organs. The genes implicated in disease development are TSC1 and TSC2. Here, we have performed mutational analysis followed by a genotype-phenotype correlation study based on the clinical characteristics of the affected individuals. Twenty unrelated probands or families from Greece have been analyzed, of whom 13 had definite TSC, whereas another 7 had a possible TSC diagnosis. Using direct sequencing, we have identified pathogenic mutations in 13 patients/families (6 in TSC1 and 7 in TSC2), 5 of which were novel. The mutation identification rate for patients with definite TSC was 85%, but only 29% for the ones with a possible TSC diagnosis. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) did not reveal any genomic rearrangements in TSC1 and TSC2 in the samples with no mutations identified. In general, TSC2 disease was more severe than TSC1, with more subependymal giant cell astrocytomas and angiomyolipomas, higher incidence of pharmacoresistant epileptic seizures, and more severe neuropsychiatric disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive TSC1 and TSC2 mutational analysis carried out in TSC patients in Greece.

• MeSH
• delece genu MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exony MeSH
• genetické asociační studie MeSH
• hamartin genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• missense mutace MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• rodokmen MeSH
• terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
• tuberin genetika   MeSH
• tuberózní skleróza genetika   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Řecko MeSH

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a genetic hamartoma syndrome frequently associated with severe intractable epilepsy. In some TSC patients epilepsy surgery is a promising treatment option provided that the epileptogenic zone can be precisely delineated. TSC brain lesions (cortical tubers) contain dysmorphic neurons, brightly eosinophilic giant cells and white matter alterations in various proportions. However, a histological classification system has not been established for tubers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define distinct histological patterns within tubers based on semi-automated histological quantification and to find clinically significant correlations. In total, we studied 28 cortical tubers and seven samples of perituberal cortex from 28 TSC patients who had undergone epilepsy surgery. We assessed mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, the numbers of giant cells, dysmorphic neurons, neurons, and oligodendrocytes, and calcification, gliosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and myelin content. Three distinct histological profiles emerged based on the proportion of calcifications, dysmorphic neurons and giant cells designated types A, B, and C. In the latter two types we were able to subsequently associate them with specific features on presurgical MRI. Therefore, these histopathological patterns provide consistent criteria for improved definition of the clinico-pathological features of cortical tubers identified by MRI and provide a basis for further exploration of the functional and molecular features of cortical tubers in TSC.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie komplikace   metabolismus   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• glióza komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozková kůra patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• multiproteinové komplexy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• myelinová pochva metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• neurony patologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• TOR serin-threoninkinasy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• tuberózní skleróza komplikace   metabolismus   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Trauma a závislost má nepříznivý dopad na zdraví, sociální prostředí jedince, vzdělávání. Cílem textu je stručný úvod do problematiky jevů vývojového traumatu a užívání návykových látek u adolescentních dívek v institucionální výchově a dále představit výsledky výzkumné studie zabývající se rozsahem raných traumatických událostí u adolescentních dívek v institucionální výchově a prevalencí vybraných návykových látek u adolescentních dívek v institucionální výchově v porovnání s běžnou školní populací. V praktické části studie byla využita kvantitativně orientovaná analýza vývojového traumatu a užívání návykových látek u dívek v institucionální výchově; výzkumná studie byla realizována jako součást projektu s názvem: Prevence psychosociálních rizik nezletilých žen a matek s rizikovým chováním prostřednictvím korekce vztahové vazby (2016). Byl použit dotazník: Záznam časných traumatických událostí (Bremner, Bolus, & Mayer, 2007). Pro analytické komparace byla použita vybraná data z Evropské školní studie o alkoholu a jiných drogách (ESPAD, 2015). Získané statistické údaje poukazují na vysoký rozsah vývojového traumatu u sledovaných dívek a na vysokou míru prevalence užívání drog během jednoho roku (na rozdíl od běžné školní populace).

Trauma and addiction have a negative impact on health, the social environment of the individual, education. Research confirms the negative impact of developmental trauma in adult and confirms other negative effects on quality of life aspects (Wegman et al. 2009; Suliman et al. 2009; Najavits et al., 2007). The aim of the text is a brief introduction to the problems of complex developmental trauma and substance use among adolescent girls in residential institutions under special education setting. We present the results of a research study dealing with early traumatic events and the prevalence of selected drugs among adolescent girls in residential institution. The study provides quantitative analysis of developmental trauma and substance use among girls in institutional residentions. The research study was conducted as part of a project entitled: Prevention of Psychosocial Risks of Underage Women and Mothers with Risk Behavior through Relationship Correction (2016). The study used questionnaire: Recording of Early Traumatic Events (Bremner et al. 2007) and selected data from the European School Study on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD, 2015). The research sample consisted of 122 respondents, aged 15–19, placed in residential institutions. Data were collected in 2016. No such data from prevalence studies have been collected so far among these girls. Our findings suggest a significant prevalence of many traumatic phenomena in early childhood among respondents. It is a developmental trauma, mainly due to disorganized attachment and adverse family relationships. Our findings show a high level of general and emotional trauma. Over the past year, more than 61 % used cannabis, 44 % used amphetamines and 18 % had a volatile substance. The level of cannabis use is more than double among respondents, seven times in the case of inhalants and 18 times in the case of amphetamines. The statistical differences presented by the chi-square test results are highly significant in all cases (p-value <0.001). Statistically, these comparative findings regarding the prevalence of substance use in the last month or year are highly significant. Compared to the reference group, there are indeed significant differences. Discussion. The results show a high extent of developmental trauma in the girls under review and a high prevalence of drug use within one year (as opposed to the general school population). However, we cannot deduce from the data obtained the causal nature of the relationship between trauma and drug use. Experiences of early traumatic events appear to increase mental vulnerability. Increased levels of substance use in the girls studied are seen as a means of self-healing emotional pain caused by developmental trauma. The obtained statistical data indicate a high extent of complex developmental trauma in girls in residential institutions. There is also a high prevalence of drug use within one year among respondents. These girls placed in residential institutions are a highly vulnerable group in terms of their complex needs and mental health and quality of life. Interventions should focus on a holistic approach and link the treatment of trauma, addiction and mental health.

• MeSH
• abúzus marihuany MeSH
• dítě v ústavní péči * psychologie   výchova   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek MeSH
• vývojová psychologie MeSH
• závislost (psychologie) MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH