• MeSH
• ochrana spotřebitele MeSH
• podpora zdraví organizace a řízení   MeSH
• spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• hygiena
• management, organizace a řízení zdravotnictví
• státní správa
• NLK Publikační typ
• elektronické časopisy

• MeSH
• informace pro uživatele zdravotní péče MeSH
• marketing MeSH
• obchod MeSH
• spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• ekonomie, ekonomika, ekonomika zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• elektronické časopisy

• MeSH
• chování spotřebitelů ekonomika   MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• ekonomika MeSH
• potřeby pro domácnost ekonomika   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ekonomie
• NLK Obory
• sociologie
• ekonomie, ekonomika, ekonomika zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• elektronické časopisy

• MeSH
• kontrola potravin MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• elektronické časopisy

• MeSH
• alergická kontaktní dermatitida MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• hygiena práce MeSH
• kontaktní dermatitida MeSH
• kožní manifestace MeSH
• kožní nemoci MeSH
• nemoci z povolání MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví MeSH
• spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• dermatovenerologie
• pracovní lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• informační publikace

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of important chemical compounds with unique and useful physico-chemical properties, widely produced and used in many applications. However, due to the toxicity, bioaccumulation and long-range transport potential of certain PFASs, they are of significant concern to scientists and policy makers. To assess human exposure to PFASs, it is necessary to understand the concentrations of these emerging contaminants in our environment, and particularly environments where urban population spend most of their time, i.e. buildings and vehicles. A total of 126 samples of building materials, consumer products, car interior materials and wastes were therefore analyzed for their content of key PFASs - 15 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). At least one of the target PFAAs was detected in 88% of all samples. The highest concentration of Σ15PFAAs was found in textile materials (77.61 μg kg(-1)), as expected, since specific PFAAs are known to be used for textile treatment during processing. Surprisingly, PFAAs were also detected in all analyzed composite wood building materials, which were dominated by perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids with 5-8 carbons in the chain (Σ4PFCAs up to 32.9 μg kg(-1)). These materials are currently widely used for building refurbishment, and this is the first study to find evidence of the presence of specific PFASs in composite wood materials. Thus, in addition to consumer products treated with PFASs, materials used in the construction of houses, schools and office buildings may also play an important role in human exposure to PFASs.

• MeSH
• fluorokarbony analýza   MeSH
• konstrukční materiály analýza   MeSH
• kyseliny karboxylové analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• odpadní produkty analýza   MeSH
• potřeby pro domácnost normy   MeSH
• spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů MeSH
• textilie analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: There is growing experience with the not-for-profit, consumer-driven cannabis social club (CSC) model that builds on self-supply, self-organization and harm-reduction; these are principles upon which people who use drugs (PWUD) have been engaging for decades. Recent legalization of cannabis in a number of jurisdictions and the related challenges in regulating production, sale, taxation and health-related matters have raised interest in non-commercial models of cannabis supply. The "codes of conduct" (CsoC) of CSC federations in Spain might reveal whether a consumer-based model could overcome these challenges. METHODS: To examine the content of the CSC auto-regulatory documents, an online search using key terms to identify the CsoC was conducted. Six documents were found; analysis of the main thematic categories and overarching themes was conducted. It was discussed how these corresponded to the areas of cannabis policy regulation and what the main limitations of the CSC model were. RESULTS: The CsoC detailed the rules for CSC administration, not-for-profit aims, "invitation only" and other conditions of membership, collective cultivation and security as well as for operation of the consumption venue and health-related initiatives. The themes in the CsoC overlapped with cannabis regulatory areas as outlined internationally. Concern over cannabis prices and potency was missing in the CsoC. The potential strengths of the CSC model might include safe environment for peer-delivered harm reduction practice, preventing illicit transactions, quality control, shifting economic surplus to the consumers and increased consumer responsibility. The limitations of the CSC model include high threshold, disguised motives, tax revenue and the risk of both under- and over-regulation. CONCLUSION: CSCs represent an opportunity to enhance consumer agency and responsibility. The right "to be self-supplied" with psychoactive substances can be granted to consumer associations - but authorities need to provide a framework to facilitate this voluntary self-organization, including minimum standards around public health and safety, and to involve consumers in the development of these regulations.

• MeSH
• kontrola léčiv a omamných látek organizace a řízení   MeSH
• kouření marihuany psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• řízení kvality MeSH
• sebekontrola psychologie   MeSH
• spotřebitelské organizace normy   MeSH
• účast komunity psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Gluten free products are essential for people who suffer from coeliac disease or have a more generic gluten intolerance. In both instances people are forced to resort to consuming gluten free (GF) foods. We carried out two online surveys to gauge the sentiments from people purchasing GF produce, and we carried out two retail observation studies. These studies were carried out in 2015 and repeated again 2019. Bread was the most commonly purchased GF product, but also the most complained about GF product, both from a quality and a price point of view. These sentiments did not change much from 2015 to 2019. One clear set of trends was that people purchased less specialty flour and raising agent when comparing 2019 to 2015, and they did less home-baking over the same period. Furthermore, the decrease in home-baking coincided with a relative increase in satisfaction in the quality of GF products. With regards to observations made across 11 supermarkets, we observed an overall increase in the number of GF line items, with the budget supermarkets offering a very small selection of produce labelled as GF in 2019 only. Our research shows that the relative cost of GF items increased from 2015 to 2019, with the average price ratio of GF food to non-GF foods rising from 3.2 to 4.1 across all UK supermarkets. Ultimately, GF produce cost significantly more compared to similar, gluten-containing foods, while many of the GF products, especially GF breads, still underperform when it comes to the perceived quality and value for money.

• MeSH
• bezlepková dieta * ekonomika   MeSH
• celiakie dietoterapie   ekonomika   MeSH
• chléb ekonomika   MeSH
• chování spotřebitelů * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kvalita jídla MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mouka ekonomika   MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• supermarkety MeSH
• vaření MeSH
• zásobování potravinami MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené království MeSH

• MeSH
• spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů MeSH
• zdraví MeSH
• zdravotní výchova MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• zdravotní výchova
• NLK Publikační typ
• elektronické časopisy

Rozdíly mezi registrovaným léčivým přípravkem a doplňkem stravy nalezneme v několika základních rovinách ‒ legislativní, kvalitativní a terapeutické. Na českém trhu (a nejen na něm) je přítomno mnoho produktů, které svým vzhledem, složením a případně i informacemi uváděnými na obalu vystupují podobně, což může mít negativní dopad na zdraví pacienta. Ten většinou není schopen posoudit informace deklarované na obalu a jejich spolehlivost. Proto je nutné uvést zde alespoň několik zásadních faktů o této problematice.

The differences between a registered medicinal product and a food supplement can be found on several basic levels – legislative, qualitative and therapeutic. There are many products on the Czech market (and not only there) that, based on their appearance, composition and possibly the information on the packaging, are similar, with possible negative impact on the health of the patient. Patients are not usually able to assess the information declared on the packaging and their reliability. Therefore, there are at least some important facts about this issue.

• MeSH
• kontrola potravin normy   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• potravní doplňky normy   MeSH
• reklama zaměřená na spotřebitele normy   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• schvalování léčiv * metody   organizace a řízení   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH