Formulation
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[1st ed.] 9 s. ; 19 cm
- MeSH
- rodinné lékařství trendy MeSH
- zdravotní politika MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- lékařství
- management, organizace a řízení zdravotnictví
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
Predmetom tejto štúdie bolo pripraviť gély s antimikrobiálnym účinkom. Vo funkcii liečiva bola použitá kvartérna amóniová soľ – benzetóniumchlorid v koncentrácii 0,01–0,5 % (m/m). Vo funkcii humektantu bol použitý propylénglykol v 5 % a 10 % (m/m) koncentrácii. Na prípravu gélov boli použité dva typy katiónových polymérov – chitosan a hydroxyetylcelulóza, v rovnakej koncentrácii 2,5 % (m/m). V práci sa hodnotili tokové vlastnosti pripravených gélov, ich reologické parametre a pH gélov. Na základe vyhodnotenia dosiahnutých výsledkov boli vyhodnotené vzorky optimálneho zloženia pre gél na báze CHIT a HEC: 2,5 % (m/m) CHIT+ 0,05 % (m/m) BZCl+ 10 % (m/m) PG; 2,5 % (m/m) HEC+ 0,05 % (m/m) BZCl+ 5 % (m/m) PG. Kľúčové slová: benzetóniumchlórid • chitosan • hydroxyetylcelulóza • tokové vlastnosti.
This study is focused on the preparation of gels with antimicrobial effects. A quaternary ammonium salt, benzethonium chloride, in a concentration of 0.01–0.5% (w/w) was employed as the drug. The humectant employed was propylene glycol in concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/w). Two types of polymers, chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, in the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w), were used for gel preparation. Finally the flow properties, rheological parameters and pH values of the gels were evaluated. Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. Keywords: benzethonium chloride • chitosan • hydroxyethyl cellulose • rheological properties
Príspevok sa zaoberá výberom optimálnych pomocných látok zo skupiny enhancerov a humektantov pri formulácii chlórhexidínu do liekovej formy – chitosanového hydrogélu. Koncentrácia liečiva je vždy konštantná – 0,1% (m/m) a gélotvornej látky 2,5% (m/m). Liečivo chlórhexidín je jedno z najpoužívanejších antiseptík pri zápaloch ústnej dutiny. V práci sa hodnotilo jeho uvoľňovanie z hydrogélov bez a v prítomnosti Polysorbátu 80 v 0,1 a 0,5% (m/m) a glycerolu v 10% (m/m). Obsah liečiva sa stanovil spektrofotometricky a zistilo sa, že optimálne zloženie hydrogélu je: 0,1% chlórhexidín + 2,5% chitosan + 0,1% Polysorbát 80, kde sa uvoľnilo najviac liečiva a tento hydrogél vykazoval tixotropné vlastnosti, ktoré sú z hľadiska aplikácie žiaduce.
The paper deals with the selection of optimal auxiliary substances from the group of enhancers and humectants for the formulation of chlorhexidin into the dosage form chitosan hydrogel. The concentrations of the active ingredient and the gel-producing substance are always constant, 0.1% (m/m) and 2.5% (m/m), respectively. The active ingredient chlorhexidin is one of the most widely used antiseptic agents to treat the inflammations of the oral cavity. The paper evaluated its release from hydrogels without and with Polysorbat 80 in 0.1 and 0.5% (m/m) and glycerol in 10% (m/m). The content of the active ingredients was determined spectrophotometrically, the optimal composition of hydrogel being: 0.1% chlorhexidin + 2.5% chitosan + 0.1% Polysorbat 80, where the largest amount of the active ingredient was released and this hydrogel showed thixotropic properties desirable from the standpoint of administration.
Nechtík lekársky obsahuje komplex látok, ktoré sa do extraktov a následne potom do dermálnych prípravkov dostávajú v množstve, ktoré závisí od ich polarity a polarity vyluhovadla. Prípravky s obsahom nechtíkových extraktov potom obsahujú prednostne buď v tukoch rozpustné karotenoidy, alebo hydrofúnejšie flavonoidy. V práci sa overovala možnosť prípravy dermálneho prípravku, ktorý by obsahoval celý komplex obsahových látok drogy. Pripravili sa hydro- a oleokrémy, v ktorých obidve fázy emulzného systému sú obohatené o príslušné obsahové látky nechtíka. Krémy sa hodnotili z aspektu ich tokových parametrov. Státím sa viskozita hydrokrémov mierne znižovala, oleokrémov zvyšovala. Modifikáciou zloženia a výberom emulgátora dá sa modifikovať štruktúra, typ krému, ako aj jeho viskozita z aspektu dosiahnutia optimálnej aplikácie a účinku.
Calendula officinalis L. contains a complex of substances which enter extracts and then dermal preparations in an amount dependent on their polarity and the polarity of the extraction agent. Preparations containing Calendula extracts then contain preferentially either fat-soluble carotenoids, or more hydrophilic flavonoids. The paper has verified possible preparation of a dermal preparation which would contain the whole complex of the drug constituents. Hydro- and oleocreams have been prepared, in which both phases of the emulsion system are enriched by the pertinent Calendula constituents. Creams were evaluated from the aspect of its flow parameters. Standing slightly decreased the viscosity of hydrocreams and increased that of oleocreams. A modification of the composition and a selection of the emulsifier can modify the structure, type of cream, as well as its viscosity from the aspect of achieving optimal application and effect.
Trendom posledných rokov je uprednostňovanie prírodných liečiv pred synteticky pripravovanými liečivami. Šalvia lekárska (Salvia officinalis L.) vďaka významnému antiflogistickému, antiseptickému a antihydrotickému účinku má široké použitie v medicíne, farmácii a kozmetike v rôznych liekových formách. Predmetom tohoto výskumu bola formulácia šalvie lekárskej (Salvia officinalis L.) vo forme tinktúry do hydrogélov. Paralelne sa pripravili gély na báze prírodného polyméru chitosanu a syntetického polyméru Carbopol? 940. Hodnotil sa vplyv aniónového polyméru a katiónového polyméru o rôznej koncentrácie na tokové vlastnosti hydrogélov. Vo funkcii humektantu bol použitý glycerol v rôznom percentuálnom zastúpení. Na základe stanovenia reologických parametrov a priebehu tokových kriviek sa vyhodnotil najvhodnejší hydrogél z hľadiska aplikácie lieku.
The trend during the past years is to prefer natural drugs to synthetically prepared medicines. Due to its important antiphlogistic, antiseptic and antihidrotic effects, Salvia officinalis L. has a wide use in medicine, pharmacy and cosmetics in various dosage forms. The aim of this research was the formulation of Salvia officinalis L. in the form of a tincture to hydrogels. Gels were parallelly prepared on the basis of the natural polymer chitosan and the synthetic polymer Carbopol? 940. The evaluation was focused on the influence of the anionic polymer and the cationic polymer in different concentrations on hydrogel flow properties. Glycerol functioning as a humectant was used in various percentage ratios. On the basis of the determination of rheological parameters and flow curves lapses the most suitable hydrogel from the application point of view was selected.
Práca sa venuje Kurtovi Schneiderovi, predstaviteľovi klasickej nemeckej psychiatrickej školy, uvádza jeho krátky profesionálny životopis a základné tézy jeho nosných odborných tém.
This work is dealing with one of the members of German psychiatric school, Kurt Schneider, it brings his short biography and his basic professional topics.
- MeSH
- asociální osobnost * klasifikace MeSH
- poruchy osobnosti etiologie MeSH
- psychiatrie * dějiny MeSH
- schizofrenie klasifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
Concomitant intake of alcoholic beverages with sustained-release oral formulations may potentially lead to dose dumping. Alcohol-resistance testing is currently a requirement for the manufacturers by regulatory authorities. Silk fibroin produced by silkworm Bombyx mori is suggested in this work as a potential alternative to a narrow spectrum of alcohol-resistant excipients. Oxycodone HCl, tramadol HCl, and flurbiprofen were selected as model drugs and formulated with regenerated silk fibroin either in the form of an amorphous solid dispersion or as a physical mixture and compressed into tablets. Preliminary compactability and tampering-resistance studies were performed. The ethanol-resistance was tested in media containing 5%, 10%, 20%, or 40% (v/v) ethanol concentration. Drug release profiles were compared using f2 similarity factor. Good mechanical tampering-resistance (tensile strength of 14.6 MPa at 400 MPa compression pressure) was obtained for tablets compressed from physical mixture. Tablets compressed from amorphous solid dispersion had lower tensile strength (2.2 MPa) but showed chemical tampering-resistance to extraction by pure ethanol (7.1% of oxycodone HCl after 24 h). Drug release is controlled predominantly by swelling and diffusion. With an increasing ethanol concentration in release medium, the tablets swelled less, resulting in a slower release. This trend was similar for all tested drugs and for both physical states formulations. No dose dumping occurred in the presence of ethanol; therefore, silk fibroin could be considered as an alternative alcohol-resistant excipient for sustained release application.
- MeSH
- fibroiny chemie MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem * MeSH
- pomocné látky * MeSH
- tablety MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Prescription opioid abuse is a worldwide growing significant health problem. For that reason, the manufacturing of abuse-deterrent dosage forms is highly important. Alcohol is likely to interact with the drug product and causes a sudden drug liberation (i.e., dose dumping), which possibly results in dangerous side effects and poses a serious safety concern. Thus, it is necessary to develop robust dosage forms that are resistant to the effects of various ethanol concentrations in order to eliminate the risk of immediate release of the entire opioid dose. In this article we review the current information available for drug products and existing formulation strategies that prevent both drug abuse and ethanol-induced dose dumping. These studies may provide insight into how various technologies may differ in their ability to deter opiate drugs abuse.
