- MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Drug Therapy statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methotrexate therapeutic use MeSH
- Osteosarcoma drug therapy surgery pathology MeSH
- Survival statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
Simultánní snímání elektroencefalografických dat a funkční magnetické rezonance je moderní multimodální zobrazovací metoda používaná v neurozobrazování. Integruje v sobě výhodné vlastnosti obou modalit. Uplatnění nachází především v epileptologii (identifikace epileptogenního ložiska) a dále obecně při studiu funkčních sítí v mozku. V přehledném referátu je popsána metodika akvizice dat, postupy zpracování dat a uvedeny jsou nejčastější aplikace této metody.
Simultaneously recording electro-encephalograms with functional magnetic resonance imaging data is a new, multimodal neuro-imaging method that integrates the advantages of both modalities. Most often this method is used in epileptology (identification of the epileptogenic focus) and in the studies of functional brain network. This paper provides a brief overview of its data acquisition and processing methods and briefly addresses its most frequently- used applications.
- Keywords
- funkční magnetická rezonance,
- MeSH
- Electroencephalography methods instrumentation MeSH
- Epilepsy diagnosis MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Functional Neuroimaging methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods instrumentation MeSH
- Brain physiology pathology radiography MeSH
- Cerebrovascular Circulation physiology MeSH
- Multimodal Imaging MeSH
- Nerve Net physiology MeSH
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods MeSH
- Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Cíl: Využití magnetických nanočástic jako multifunkčních materiálů pro současnou diagnostiku a terapii. Úvod: Rychlý vývoj v oblasti nanotechnologií usnadnil vznik nových nanomateriálů. S tímto trendem je také spojen zvýšený zájem o nano a mikro systémy tvořené magnetickými nosiči. Spojením magnetického nosiče s biologicky aktivní látkou lze dosáhnout unikátních vlastností využitelných v mnoha oblastech biotechnologie a medicíny. Popis problematiky: Mezi nejvíce studované materiály se řadí magnetické nanočástice tvořené oxidy železa. V současné době se velká pozornost věnuje superparamagnetickým nanočásticím oxidů železa, tzv. SPIONs (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles), které pod určitou hranicí velikosti (1–20 nm) vykazují jednodoménový charakter, který způsobuje jev zvaný superparamagnetismus. Vedle velikosti částic jsou důležité povrchové vlastnosti. Velikost povrchu (řádově 100 m2/g) umožňuje jeho modifikaci, čímž je zvýšena biokompatibilita částic a snížena toxicita. Magnetické nanočástice mají značný potenciál využití v biomedicínských aplikacích, a to zejména v oblasti teranostiky. V současnosti jsou nanočásticové systémy studovány zejména k zesílení kontrastu u zobrazovacích technik MRI, v pozitronové emisní tomografii, případně lze využít přeměny magnetické energie na energii tepelnou, čehož využívá metoda zvaná hypertermie. Další využití představuje separace, analýza buněk nebo značení buněk, které se zdá být slibné v oblasti zobrazovacích metod. Závěr: Jak se ukazuje, problematika uplatnění magnetických nanočástic v lékařství je rozsáhlá. Prvotní výzvou je syntéza těchto nanočástic, přičemž existuje řada postupů, které poskytují nanočástice o různých vlastnostech. Kvůli povaze nanočástic je také nutné věnovat velikou pozornost jejich stabilizaci, aby se předcházelo agregaci a v případě jejich použití jakožto nosiče je taktéž nutné vyřešit problém zachycení požadované látky. Tyto problémy jsou stále předmětem výzkumu, ale i přes tyto obtíže představují magnetické nanočástice potenciální mocný nástroj pro současnou diagnostiku a terapii.
Aim: Application of magnetic nanoparticles as multimodal materials for current diagnostics and therapy. Introduction: Rapid developments in nanotechnology have facilitated the emergence of new nanomaterials. This trend is also associated with an increased interest in nano and micro systems consisting of magnetic carriers. By combining a magnetic vector with a biologically active substance, unique properties can be achieved which can be used in many areas of biotechnology and medicine. Issues description: The most common materials are magnetic nanoparticles synthesised of iron oxides. Currently, widely studied are superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, socalled SPIONs, which below a certain size range (1–20 nm) exhibit a single-domain character, which causes a phenomenon called superparamagnetism. In addition to particle size, surface properties are important. The surface size (in the order of 100 m2/g) allows its modification, which increases the biocompatibility of particles and reduces toxicity. Magnetic nanoparticles have considerable potential for use in biomedical applications, especially in the field of teranostics. At present, nanoparticle systems are studied mainly as contrast agents in MR imaging techniques, in positron emission tomography, or the conversion of magnetic energy into thermal energy can be used, which uses a method called hyperthermia. Other uses include separation, cell analysis, or cell labeling, which appear promising in imaging methods. Conclusion: As shown, the application of magnetic nanoparticles in medicine is extensive. The primary challenge is the synthesis of these nanoparticles, and there are a number of processes that provide nanoparticles with different properties. Due to the nature of nanoparticles, the care must also be taken to stabilize them in order to prevent aggregation, and in the case of their use as carriers, it is also necessary to solve the problem of entrapment of the desired substance. These problems are still the subject of research, but despite these difficulties, magnetic nanoparticles are a potentially powerful tool for current diagnostics and therapy.
- MeSH
- Hyperthermia, Induced MeSH
- Contrast Media chemistry therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles * chemistry MeSH
- Magnetite Nanoparticles chemistry therapeutic use MeSH
- Magnetics MeSH
- Multimodal Imaging MeSH
- Positron-Emission Tomography MeSH
- Theranostic Nanomedicine MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
Identification of specific cell death is of a great value for many scientists. Predominant types of cell death can be detected by flow-cytometry (FCM). Nevertheless, the absence of cellular morphology analysis leads to the misclassification of cell death type due to underestimated oncosis. However, the definition of the oncosis is important because of its potential reversibility. Therefore, FCM analysis of cell death using annexin V/propidium iodide assay was compared with holographic microscopy coupled with fluorescence detection - "Multimodal holographic microscopy (MHM)". The aim was to highlight FCM limitations and to point out MHM advantages. It was shown that the annexin V+/PI- phenotype is not specific of early apoptotic cells, as previously believed, and that morphological criteria have to be necessarily combined with annexin V/PI for the cell death type to be ascertained precisely. MHM makes it possible to distinguish oncosis clearly from apoptosis and to stratify the progression of oncosis.
- MeSH
- Apoptosis * MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Phenotype MeSH
- Microscopy, Fluorescence methods MeSH
- Holography methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Multimodal Imaging methods MeSH
- Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
- Necrosis MeSH
- Cell Survival MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
BACKGROUND: Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) in addition to one or more treatment interventions for obesity (i.e., lifestyle structured interventions-LSI, medical therapy-MT, obesity management medication-OMM or endobariatric procedures-EP) are lacking. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of multiple simultaneous (before or immediately after MBS) interventions for treating obesity. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis including all RCTs enrolling patients undergoing different MBS procedures add-on to other anti-obesity strategies (LSI, MT, OMM or ES) versus MBS alone, with a duration of at least 6 months. The primary outcome was BMI at the end-point; secondary end-points included percentage total and excess weight loss (%TWL%, and EBWL%), total weight loss (TWL), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, surgical and non-surgical severe adverse events (SAE), mortality, remission of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). RESULTS: A total of 25 RCTs were retrieved. The addition of either OMM (i.e., liraglutide) or EP (i.e., intragastric balloon-IB, endosleeve-ES) to MBS was associated with a significantly lower BMI at the end-point (p = 0.040). The addition of liraglutide only to MBS was associated with a greater %EWL%, but not %TWL and TBWL (p = 0.008). Three trials evaluated end-point HbA1c, showing a significant reduction in favour of liraglutide as an add-on therapy to MBS (p = 0.007). There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: MBS combined with non-surgical approaches appears more effective than MBS alone in reducing BMI. Further RCTs on combined therapies to MBS for severe obesity are needed to enhance the tailoring of treatment for severe obesity.
- MeSH
- Bariatric Surgery * methods MeSH
- Weight Loss MeSH
- Body Mass Index MeSH
- Combined Modality Therapy MeSH
- Quality of Life MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Obesity * surgery therapy MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
- Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Meta-Analysis MeSH
Rectal carcinoma cannot be controlled only by surgical technique despite radical resection (TME, systematic lymphadenectomy). Therefore, progressive rectal carcinoma of stage 2 + 3 that are detectable pre-operatively by CT and 3-D endosonography, should be treated by a multimodal concept. Based on recent Scandinavian and Dutch studies, we introduced a modified post-operative short-term radiation in which the acute toxicity on tumor tissue corresponds to that of the Swedish and Dutch studies (5x 5 Gy), its late toxicity, however, is reduced by 20 %. Thus, we expect to reduce long-term damages to the pelvic organs, i.e. incontinence. A phase 2 study revealed good therapeutic management due to interdisciplinary tumor conference and a high acceptance by patients. The post-operative rate of wound healing is a bit higher, but does not influence the time of hospitalization.
- MeSH
- Survival Analysis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Rectal Neoplasms surgery radiotherapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Motor disability is a dominant and restricting symptom in multiple sclerosis, yet its neuroimaging correlates are not fully understood. We apply statistical and machine learning techniques on multimodal neuroimaging data to discriminate between multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls and to predict motor disability scores in the patients. We examine the data of sixty-four multiple sclerosis patients and sixty-five controls, who underwent the MRI examination and the evaluation of motor disability scales. The modalities used comprised regional fractional anisotropy, regional grey matter volumes, and functional connectivity. For analysis, we employ two approaches: high-dimensional support vector machines run on features selected by Fisher Score (aiming for maximal classification accuracy), and low-dimensional logistic regression on the principal components of data (aiming for increased interpretability). We apply analogous regression methods to predict symptom severity. While fractional anisotropy provides the classification accuracy of 96.1% and 89.9% with both approaches respectively, including other modalities did not bring further improvement. Concerning the prediction of motor impairment, the low-dimensional approach performed more reliably. The first grey matter volume component was significantly correlated (R = 0.28-0.46, p < 0.05) with most clinical scales. In summary, we identified the relationship between both white and grey matter changes and motor impairment in multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, we were able to achieve the highest classification accuracy based on quantitative MRI measures of tissue integrity between patients and controls yet reported, while also providing a low-dimensional classification approach with comparable results, paving the way to interpretable machine learning models of brain changes in multiple sclerosis.
In this paper we examine how participants' multimodal conduct maps onto one of the basic organizational principles of social interaction: preference organization - and how it does so in a similar manner across five different languages (Czech, French, Hebrew, Mandarin, and Romanian). Based on interactional data from these languages, we identify a recurrent multimodal practice that respondents deploy in turn-initial position in dispreferred responses to various first actions, such as information requests, assessments, proposals, and informing. The practice involves the verbal delivery of a turn-initial expression corresponding to English 'I don't know' and its variants ('dunno') coupled with gaze aversion from the prior speaker. We show that through this 'multimodal assembly' respondents preface a dispreferred response within various sequence types, and we demonstrate the cross-linguistic robustness of this practice: Through the focal multimodal assembly, respondents retrospectively mark the prior action as problematic and prospectively alert co-participants to incipient resistance to the constraints set out or to the stance conveyed by that action. By evidencing how grammar and body interface in related ways across a diverse set of languages, the findings open a window onto cross-linguistic, cross-modal, and cross-cultural consistencies in human interactional conduct.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Léčba traumatického poranění mozku spočívá v prevenci a léčbě jeho sekundárního postižení. Správná a časná diagnostika pak může pomoci kvalitní péči o tyto pacienty. Standardní monitorovací metody v neurointenzivní péči jsou v dnešní době založeny na klinické observaci, měření intrakraniálního tlaku a opakovaných CT mozku. Během posledních 10 let se v klinické praxi objevily nové metody, které by mohly zlepšit naše porozumění patofyziologii poranění mozku a zajistit včasnou diagnostiku sekundárního traumatu. Mezi tyto metody patří měření tkáňové oxymetrie, měření metabolismu mozku a průtoku krve mozkem. Jejich společná aplikace pak bývá nazývána tzv. multimodálním monitorováním. V následujícím přehledovém článku představujeme tyto nové metody v neurointenzivní péči. Souhrn doplňujeme i hodnocením našich vlastních zkušeností s 50 pacienty od roku 2006.
The therapy of traumatic brain injury consists of prevention and therapy of secondary injury. Proper and early diagnosis is necessary for adequate treatment. Standard monitoring methods in today's neurointensive care include clinical observation, intracranial pressure monitoring and repeated brain CT scans. During the last 10 years, new methods have been implemented in clinical practice that can improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of brain injury and provide early diagnosis of secondary trauma. These methods include tissue oxymetry, microdialysis and brain tissue blood flow. Their common application constitutes so called multimodal monitoring. In the following review we introduce these methods in neurointensive care. Further, we summarize our experience with 50 patients with multimodal monitoring since 2006.
- MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Intracranial Hypertension diagnosis MeSH
- Craniocerebral Trauma diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microdialysis methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Monitoring, Physiologic methods trends utilization MeSH
- Cerebrovascular Circulation MeSH
- Oximetry methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous methods utilization MeSH
- Emergency Medical Services methods utilization MeSH
- Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care methods utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
V systému složitém a komplexním, jako je lidský mozek, je nemyslitelné, že informace obsažené v jedné modalitě (jednom fyziologickém parametru) mohou tento systém plně a smysluplně popsat. V poslední době je tedy snahou integrovat analýzy různých modalit mezi sebou a získat tak lepší a komplexní vhled do celého systému, a tím pochopení fyziologického a patologického fungování lidského mozku.
Due to the complex and complicated system as the human brain is, it is inconceivable that information contained in one modality (one physiological parameter) might absolutely and meaningfully describe all of the aspects of this system. For that reason in recent time there is an attempt to employ the intergration of analysis using diverse modalities with each other and so achieve better and complex insight into the whole system leading to comprehension of the human brain functioning.
- MeSH
- Dementia diagnosis MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological * utilization MeSH
- Diagnostic Imaging * methods utilization MeSH
- Electroencephalography utilization MeSH
- Epilepsies, Partial diagnosis MeSH
- Epilepsy diagnosis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy therapeutic use MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging utilization MeSH
- Brain Mapping * methods MeSH
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
