Navrhovaná studie proveditelnosti využívá aplikaci „OCD dům“, vytvořenou v prostředí virtuální reality (VR) pro expoziční terapii u pacien- tů s obsedantně-kompulzivní poruchou (OCD). Metoda byla vyvinuta na základě dimenzionálního přístupu k symptomatologii OCD, který vyčleňuje čtyři podtypy: „kontaminace/čištění“, „symetrie/uspořádání“, „strach z poškození/kontrola“ a „hromadění“. Cílem probíhající studie proveditelnosti je ověřit účinnosti již dříve validované expoziční metody ve spojení s čichovou stimulací. Předpokládáme, že čichová stimulace během expozice ve VR zvýší vnímanou realističnost a potenciálně také intenzitu symptomů vyvolaných touto čichově obohacenou simulací.

The proposed feasibility study uses the application "OCD house" created in a virtual reality (VR) environment for exposure therapy in pati- ents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The method was designed based on a dimensional approach to OCD symptomatology, which distinguishes four subtypes: 'contamination/cleaning', 'symmetry/ordering', 'fear of harm/checking' and 'hoarding'. An ongoing feasibility study aims to test the previously validated exposure method in combination with olfactory stimulation. We hypothesize that olfactory stimu- lation during exposure in VR will increase the perceived level of immersion in the environment and potentially also the assessed intensity of symptoms induced by this olfactory-enriched simulation.

INTRODUCTION: Panic disorder (PD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are associated with various psychosocial factors that may influence their onset and psychopathology. Dissociation encompasses a wide range of manifestations, from benign experiences to severe mental health issues. Research comparing childhood trauma and dissociation, general psychopathology, and the onset of the disorder among patients with PD, OCD, and BPD has not yet been published. RESULTS: The severity of dissociative symptoms negatively correlated with the onset of the disorder, whereas it positively correlated with the disorder's overall severity and general symptomatology. Patients with more severe childhood trauma had an earlier onset of the disorder and more severe depressive and dissociative symptoms. They rated higher on the overall severity of the disorder. Physical abuse and neglect were associated with more severe PD, OCD, and BPD. Patients with BPD had higher levels of dissociation than those with PD or OCD. BPD was also connected with more severe childhood trauma than PD and OCD patients. Comorbidity exacerbated the severity of the psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood trauma and dissociation play a significant role in anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with PD, OCD, and BPD.

• MeSH
• Dissociative Disorders * psychology   epidemiology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Borderline Personality Disorder * psychology   epidemiology   MeSH
• Comorbidity MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Adverse Childhood Experiences psychology   MeSH
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder * psychology   epidemiology   MeSH
• Panic Disorder * psychology   epidemiology   MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

INTRODUCTION: PAdverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of mental health issues in general, but their relationship with panic disorder (PD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has received less attention compared to borderline personality disorder (BPD). Dissociative experiences are significant predictors of increased symptoms, reduced treatment adherence, and poor prognosis in several psychiatric conditions, including PD, OCD, and BPD; still, their impact remains underexplored. This part of the study focuses on the overall efficiency of psychotherapeutic programs on treatment-resistant patients diagnosed with PD, OCD, and BPD (or combined), as well as the relationship between ACEs, dissociation rates, and treatment results. METHOD: The study was conducted under standard conditions in an inpatient psychotherapy unit that specialized in anxiety, affective disorders, and personality disorders. Patients were hospitalized for 6 weeks and treated with a comprehensive CBT program and pharmacotherapy. The study included patients diagnosed with PD, OCD, or BPD (or combined). Two independent psychiatrists confirmed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Clinical Global Impression Scale - Severity (CGI-S), Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF). RESULTS: A total of 349 out of 357 patients completed the study. The average age of patients was 33.33 ± 11.59 years. After the 6 week treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in mean scores across all assessed scales. Changes in any scale during treatment did not correlate with the total CTQ-SF score or sub-scores. The relative change in CGI-S showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the total dissociation score on the DES scale at the beginning of treatment but not with pathological dissociation assessed by the DES-T questionnaire. Statistically significant decreases in mean CGI-S scores were observed in patients with a single diagnosis of PD, OCD, and BPD. Among comorbid groups, significant changes were observed only in patients with comorbid OCD and BPD. No statistically significant change in mean BDI-II scores was observed in patients with comorbid PD and OCD or comorbid OCD and BPD. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis showed that treatment led to a significant decrease in the severity of depressive symptoms assessed by BDI-II and anxiety symptoms assessed by BAI in patients with PD, OCD, and BPD. This decrease was not statistically significant in patients with comorbid disorders, suggesting that the presence of multiple diagnoses may affect treatment efficacy. ACEs did not correlate to treatment results, but dissociation rates were linked with poorer treatment outcomes.

• MeSH
• Dissociative Disorders * therapy   psychology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Inpatients MeSH
• Borderline Personality Disorder * therapy   psychology   MeSH
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy * methods   MeSH
• Combined Modality Therapy MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder * therapy   psychology   MeSH
• Panic Disorder * therapy   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

N-acetylcysteín (ACC) je acetylovaný variant aminokyseliny L-cysteín a primárne sa používa ako špecifické antidotum pri predávkovaní paracetamolom. Ďalšie indikácie jeho aplikácie zahŕňajú prevenciu exacerbácie chronickej obštrukčnej choroby pľúc, zmiernenie príznakov chrípky, liečbu pľúcnej fibrózy, liečbu neplodnosti u pacientok so syndrómom polycystických ovárií rezistentným na klomifén, ďalej pri liečbe autizmu, Alzheimerovej choroby, bipolárnej afektívnej poruchy, schizofrénie, obsesívno-kompulzívnej poruchy a drogovej závislosti. Okrem toho ACC môže zohrávať úlohu aj ako chemoprevencia malignít, doplnok pri eradikácii Helicobacter pylori a pri profylaxii straty sluchu vyvolanej podávaním gentamicínu u hemodialyzovaných pacientov. Napriek určitej kontroverzii sa ACC odporúča aj na prevenciu poškodenia obličiek vyvolaného kontrastom počas zobrazovacích procedúr. Podľa súčasných odporúčaní sa ACC má profylaticky podať pred vyšetrením, resp. výkonom s použitím kontrastnej látky u pacientov, ktorý majú chronickú obličkovú chorobu a najmenej jedno z nasledujúceho: diabetes mellitus, srdcové zlyhávanie, vek viac ako 74 rokov, užívajú nefrotoxické liečivá, čaká ich perkutánna koronárna intervencia alebo objem kontrastnej látky, ktorá im má byť podaná, je viac ako 19 ml.

N-acetylcysteine (ACC) is an acetylated variant of the amino acid L-cysteine and is primarily used as a specific antidote for paracetamol overdose. Other indications for its application include prevention of exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, relief of flu symptoms, treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, treatment of infertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome resistant to clomiphene, moreover, in the treatment of autism, Alzheimer's disease, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and drug addiction. In addition, ACC may also play a role as a chemoprevention of malignancies, an adjunct in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and in the prophylaxis of gentamicin-induced hearing loss in hemodialysis patients. Despite some controversy, ACC is also recommended for the prevention of contrast-induced renal injury during imaging procedures. According to current recommendations, ACC should be given prophylactically before the examination, or procedure with the use of contrast material in patients who have chronic kidney disease and at least one of the following: diabetes mellitus, heart failure, age over 74 years, are taking nephrotoxic drugs, are awaiting percutaneous coronary intervention, or the volume of contrast material to be administered, is more than 19 ml.

• MeSH
• Acetylcysteine * administration & dosage   MeSH
• Contrast Media administration & dosage   adverse effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Kidney Diseases * chemically induced   drug therapy   prevention & control   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

AIM: The paper describes the characteristics of relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder (R-OCD), including the types of obsessions and compulsions, the common triggers and the impact on psychological well-being and relationship functioning. It also offers basic cognitive-behavioural strategies to help patients change their attitudes towards obsessive thoughts and reduce compulsive behaviours. METHODS: This article is a narrative review of the literature and case studies on R-OCD. To search for relevant sources, we used PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases with the keywords "relationship obsessive compulsive disorder", "R-OCD", "relationship OCD" and "partner-focused OCD". We included only studies published in English from January 1990 to June 2023. The paper provides examples of how basic cognitive-behavioural strategies help individuals with R-OCD. RESULTS: People with R-OCD experience intrusive thoughts about whether they have the right feelings for their partner, whether their partner loves them, whether the relationship is suitable or whether their partner has flaws. These thoughts trigger the urge to perform various rituals to alleviate anxiety, such as repeated checking, reassurance or comparison. However, this behaviour leads to disruption of the relationship and long-term maintenance of the anxiety. Examples of basic cognitive-behavioural strategies can be applied in clinical practice to help individuals change their attitudes towards relational obsessive thoughts and reduce compulsive behaviours.

• MeSH
• Interpersonal Relations MeSH
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy * methods   MeSH
• Compulsive Behavior psychology   therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder * psychology   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

• Publication type
• Meeting Abstract MeSH

• Publication type
• Meeting Abstract MeSH

Obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha (OCD) je zneschopňující psychiatrické onemocnění projevující se vtíravými myšlenkami a nutkavými úkony. Významná část pacientů s OCD je refrakterních k současným léčebným metodám a představují tak výzvu pro pochopení patofyziologických mechanismů OCD. Projekt si klade za cíl prozkoumat kauzální vztahy mezi symptomy OCD, strukturou a funkcí mozku. Na základě charakteristik symptomů OCD a neurozobrazovacích studií projekt postuluje OCD jako poruchu rozhodování spočívající v narušených funkcích ocenění a vyhodnocování pravděpodobnosti, zvýšené averzi ke ztrátám a riziku, nadměrné signalizaci chyb a snížené aktivaci klidové sítě. Neurální podklad narušeného rozhodování bude zkoumán pomocí humánních behaviorálních, elektrofyziologických a fMRI experimentů v kombinaci s 2 animálními modely OCD zahrnujícími rozhodovací úlohy, přímé nahrávání elektrické aktivity (tetrody) a molekulární imaging u potkanů. Cílem projektu je vytvoření translačního modelu OCD, umožňujícího identifikovat nové terapeutické cíle pro cílenou neurostimulaci a další léčebné modality.; Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling psychiatric condition characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive actions. A substantial part of OCD patients is refractory to current treatment which poses a challenge to the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of OCD. This project aims to explore the causal interactions between OCD symptoms, brain structure and function. On the basis of features of OCD symptoms and brain imaging studies, the project postulates OCD as a decision making (DM) disorder resting on altered valuation and probability weighing functions, inflated loss and risk aversion, increased error signalling, and diminished resting state network activity. The substrate of altered DM will be explored in behavioural, electrophysiological and fMRI DM experiments in humans, combined with 2 animal models of OCD including DM tasks, direct electrical recording (tetrodes) and molecular imaging in rats. The project aims at a translational model of OCD allowing to identify novel therapeutic targets for navigated neurostimulation and other treatment modalities.

• Keywords
• Animal models, rozhodování, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha, orbitofronální kůra, signalizace chyb, default mode network, decision making, orbitofrontal cortex, error signalling, default mode network, animální modely, modelování pomocí strukturálních rovnic (SEM), přímé nahrávání regionální elektrické aktivity (tetrody), molekulární zobrazení genů časné odpovědi, structural equation modelling (SEM), direct regional electrical activity recording (tetrodes), molecular imaging of immediate-early genes,

• NML Publication type
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908), a coccidian protist (Apicomplexa). It has a strong predilection for infecting the central nervous system. Researchers have therefore investigated its association with several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, bipolar disorder, cerebral palsy, depression, Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, obsessive compulsive disorder, Parkinson's disease, personality disorders, and schizophrenia. Among these disorders the strongest evidence for a role of T. gondii exists for psychosis in general and schizophrenia in particular. This paper reviews the origins of this association, briefly summarises the current evidence in support, and discusses future research strategies.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Schizophrenia * MeSH
• Toxoplasma physiology   MeSH
• Toxoplasmosis * complications   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Autobiografická publikace, která se zaměřuje na život s Tourettovým syndromem a na vztah mezi dcerou a matkou.; Daniela, statečná dívka zápasící od útlého dětství s nepochopením a posměchem nám prostřednictvím těžce zkoušené matky i vlastním líčením trýznivých prožitků otevírá dveře do světa, kde je Touretteův syndrom každodenním tvrdým soupeřem. Nejenže čelí bezdůvodným obličejovým i hlasovým tikům a fyzickému neklidu, ale také hyperaktivitě s poruchou pozornosti - ADHD a obsedantně kompulzivní poruše. Své bizarní chování si uvědomuje, touží se ho zbavit, moc si přeje být jako ostatní, ale porucha v mozku je silnější než její vůle. Už ve školce se Daniela setkávala s posměchem, ve škole pak s drsnou šikanou, nepochopením ze strany nepoučených učitelek, které si toto postižení pletly s duševní méněcenností nebo s výsměchem a zlobením. S touto těžce zkoušenou ale semknutou rodinou procítíte jejich zoufalství i radosti a získáte cenné poznatky o životě s Touretteovým syndromem. Autentický, silný a dojemný příběh vás donutí přehodnotit vaše náhledy na lidi s touto diagnózou, kterých je u nás na sto tisíc. Klíčové prvky příběhu jsou boj s předsudky, nezlomná síla rodinné lásky a neustálé hledání lékařské pomoci - střídání léků a terapie s psychology a psychiatry. V každé kapitole je cítit hluboká vděčnost vypravěčky k manželovi, který se nesobecky postavil do role pilíře rodiny a poskytuje všem podporu

• MeSH
• History, 21st Century MeSH
• Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity history   MeSH
• Mothers history   psychology   MeSH
• Nuclear Family MeSH
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder history   MeSH
• Self Concept MeSH
• Tourette Syndrome * history   MeSH
• Mother-Child Relations MeSH
• Women history   psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• History, 21st Century MeSH
• Publication type
• Autobiography MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Conspectus
• Biografie
• Psychiatrie
• NML Fields
• psychiatrie
• psychologie, klinická psychologie

• About
• Zoulová, Daniela Authority