PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Men face distinctive health-related challenges as a result of biological, behavioral, and sociocultural factors. In addition, the modern healthcare system does not offer men equal opportunities and options to ensure sex-specific access and delivery to health services. Men's health concerns are, indeed, often not addressed or even forgotten. In this review, we wanted to assess the impact of biology and sociocultural effects on sex-specific life-expectancy. RECENT FINDINGS: Globally, men have a shorter life expectancy than women. With a 5.8 years gender gap in the USA and 5.4 in the EU-27 (both in 2022). Cardiovascular disease, cancer, and accidents continue to represent the primary causes of mortality for both genders with all having disproportional preponderance in men. In recent years, there has been a notable decline in age-adjusted mortality rates related to cancer, while there has been an increase in deaths from accidental and intentional self-harm. Moreover, in the United States, men are more likely than women to develop and die from nonsex-specific cancers. As a result, men's poor health affects productivity, absenteeism, and employment. SUMMARY: The status of men in healthcare is complex. It is rooted in history, culture, and institutions. To address disparities, we need a comprehensive approach that includes policy reforms, sociocultural changes, and a fair and equitable public discourse. Grassroots and top-down strategies are needed to ensure a value-based societal healthcare system acknowledging the unique health needs of men.

• MeSH
• disparity zdravotní péče statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• disparity zdravotního stavu MeSH
• dostupnost zdravotnických služeb statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• naděje dožití * MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rovnost ve zdraví MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• zdraví mužů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

BACKGROUND: Psychotherapy outcomes are typically measured in terms of symptom relief. However, this method might overlook important changes from clients' perspectives when they are asked to report on them. A more client-centred approach might bring a deeper understanding of psychotherapy outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes identified by clients within qualitative psychotherapy research. METHODS: The PsycArticles, PsycInfo, and MEDLINE Complete databases were searched for English language studies published until Nov 11, 2023. Additional studies were identified through references in the primary studies and previous meta-analyses or systematic reviews. Search terms were related to psychotherapy and counselling, clients' or patients' experiences, psychotherapy outcomes and changes, post-treatment perspectives, and types of qualitative methods. Qualitative studies on client-identified outcomes of individual psychotherapy were included. Findings related to clients' perceptions of psychotherapy outcomes were extracted (by ML and checked by TR and LT) and analysed (by all authors) using the descriptive-interpretative meta-analytic approach. All authors have personally experienced psychotherapy as clients. This study was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021277330). FINDINGS: We included 177 studies in the qualitative meta-analysis, from 24 countries, including descriptions from 2908 clients. Most of the studies were of good quality; they covered a wide range of therapeutic approaches and diagnoses. The descriptions of psychotherapy outcomes were classified into 60 meta-categories and grouped into ten clusters. These clusters related to clients' relational and social functioning; their emotional functioning; self-awareness, self-understanding, and more adaptive cognitive processing; behavioural functioning; developing their own resources; clients' attitudes towards themselves; generally embracing life; symptom and problem change; and more general wellbeing. The tenth cluster was outcomes that could not be clearly attributed to psychotherapy, which was considered outside the scope of this study. INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis showed that clients value outcome dimensions beyond symptom reduction, such as deeper self-understanding, enhanced self-agency, and greater social engagement. By examining psychotherapy outcomes across various diagnoses and therapeutic approaches, we highlight limitations in traditional outcome measures, showing the need for more comprehensive, client-centred assessment tools and the value of incorporating qualitative methods into understanding dimensions of change. FUNDING: European Union.

• MeSH
• duševní poruchy terapie   psychologie   MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychoterapie * metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In an asymptomatic population, we investigated the relationships between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and cartilage T2 relaxation time at the knee joint level. Fourteen and 17 participants with high and normal levels of HbA1c were recruited, respectively. A blood sample was used to determine the HbA1c level. T2 relaxation time (T2) of the superficial and deep parts of the femoral cartilage in the anterior, central, and posterior topographical sites was calculated using magnetic resonance (1.5 T) images. Each participant completed a knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score questionnaire (KOOS) and a series of biomechanical analyses while running at their self-selected speed. The group with a high level of HbA1c had a lower score of KOOS symptoms than the other group (P < 0.05). HbA1c was found to be negatively related to the KOOS symptoms score. The group with a high level of HbA1c had low T2 values in all of the investigated topographical sites of the knee femoral cartilage (P < 0.05 in all cases). T2 was negatively correlated with HbA1c levels in all investigated knee femoral cartilage regions. Our data suggest that the subjects with high levels of HbA1c were those with low knee joint symptoms and lower values of T2. These results indicate that HbA1c could be correlated with cartilage deterioration due to its ability to dehydrate collagen fibre, possibly acting as a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis.

• MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin * metabolismus   MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka * metabolismus   MeSH
• kolenní kloub * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: This study examines the perspectives of individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) on a nurse-led eHealth cardiac rehabilitation (NeCR) program, which included a website, tele-monitoring device, and social media chatroom. METHODS: Using a descriptive qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants to capture their feedback and experiences with the NeCR program. RESULTS: Participants found the NeCR program valuable in addressing gaps in cardiac rehabilitation services in China, empowering them to make behavioral changes and enhancing their social motivation. However, they also highlighted the need for a more user-friendly website, better symptom management during exercise, and stronger privacy protections in the peer networking chatroom. The study concludes that the NeCR program is feasible in providing accessible rehabilitative services at home post-discharge. Recommendations include improving the self-monitoring platform for ease of use, incorporating immediate symptom management guidance during exercise, and ensuring a secure environment for online peer support. CONCLUSIONS: These findings offer crucial insights for developing patient-centered eHealth cardiac rehabilitation services, emphasizing the importance of user-friendly design, effective symptom management features, and privacy protection in promoting participant engagement with e-platforms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR1800020411 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=33906).

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiovaskulární rehabilitace * metody   MeSH
• koronární nemoc rehabilitace   ošetřování   MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• telemedicína * MeSH
• zpětná vazba MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

Herein, we investigated the anti-amoebic activity of phosphonium-chloride-based deep eutectic solvents against pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellanii of the T4 genotype. Deep eutectic solvents are ionic fluids composed of two or three substances, capable of self-association to form a eutectic mixture with a melting point lower than each substance. In this study, three distinct hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents were formulated, employing trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor and aspirin, dodecanoic acid, and 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid as the hydrogen bond donors. Subsequently, all three deep eutectic solvents, denoted as DES1, DES2, DES3 formulations, underwent investigations comprising amoebicidal, adhesion, excystation, cytotoxicity, and cytopathogenicity assays. The findings revealed that DES2 was the most potent anti-amoebic agent, with a 94% elimination rate against the amoebae within 24 h at 30 °C. Adhesion assays revealed that deep eutectic solvents hindered amoebae adhesion to human brain endothelial cells, with DES2 exhibiting 88% reduction of adhesion. Notably, DES3 exhibited remarkable anti-excystation properties, preventing 94% of cysts from reverting to trophozoites. In cytopathogenicity experiments, deep eutectic solvent formulations and dodecanoic acid alone reduced amoebae-induced human brain endothelial cell death, with DES2 showing the highest effects. Lactate dehydrogenase assays revealed the minimal cytotoxicity of the tested deep eutectic solvents, with the exception of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride, which exhibited 35% endothelial cell damage. These findings underscore the potential of specific deep eutectic solvents in combating pathogenic Acanthamoeba, presenting promising avenues for further research and development against free-living amoebae.

• MeSH
• Acanthamoeba castellanii * účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• amébicidy farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• buněčná adheze účinky léků   MeSH
• endoteliální buňky účinky léků   MeSH
• genotyp * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• organofosforové sloučeniny farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• rozpouštědla * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• trofozoiti účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Fyzická kondice psů je důležitým předpokladem pro bezpečné a efektivní provádění pohybu při uspokojování jejich denních potřeb. V sou- vislosti s kondicí je nezbytné znát pojmy postura a core a rozumět jim. Vlastní kondice sestává z šesti oblastí, které lze trénovat cvičením. Existuje celá řada cviků rozvíjejících jednotlivé oblasti kondice. Je běžné, že jedním cvikem můžeme rozvíjet více oblastí kondice. Kondici psa lze rozvíjet v každém věku, nicméně nesmíme ignorovat fyziologické zvláštnosti jednotlivých věkových stadií života psa.

The physical condition of dogs is an important prerequisite for safe and efficient exercise in meeting their daily needs. In relation to fitness, it is essential to know and understand the terms postural and core. Self-conditioning consists of six areas that can be trained through exercise. There are a number of exercises that develop each area of fitness. It is common to develop multiple areas of fitness with one exer- cise. A dog's fitness can be developed at any age, but we must not ignore the physiological peculiarities of the different ages of a dog's life.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was the assessment of adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in a population of people living with HIV (PWH), improving the awareness of PWH, drawing attention to the risk of developing HIV drug resistance and subsequent treatment failure. METHODS: The basic cohort consisted of PWH followed up long-term at the HIV centre of the University Hospital Pilsen. Adherence to treatment was assessed by ARV levels. Nucleoside analogs were determined in urine by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), in relation to clinical data, viral load (HIV RNA), and absolute CD4 and CD8 T cell counts. To assess mental and physical state of the patients, a modified SF-36 questionnaire was used to measure social relationships, education and ability to relax. RESULTS: From a group of 131 PWH, 18 (13.7%) with zero levels and 113 (86.3%) with any detectable ARV levels were followed for 6-12 months. A statistically significant lower viral load was demonstrated in patients who adhered to the treatment at the time of the test as indicated by ARV levels in the urine. CD4 T lymphocyte values in adherent patients were, as expected, statistically significantly higher. A significant difference for CD8 T lymphocyte was not demonstrated. A survey assessed subjective factors influencing the degree of adherence. PWH consider important: quality care enabling trust, low risk of developing opportunistic infections, self-sufficiency, quality of sleep, managing leisure activities, and good family relationships. Quality of life evaluation and satisfaction in the monitored areas were similar in both groups of PWH. CONCLUSIONS: Non-adherence leads to deterioration of CD4 and viral load levels and may be the cause of the development of HIV drug resistance and treatment failure on the part of the patient. PWH with zero or low urinary nucleoside levels were repeatedly instructed about the need for regular and sustained medication use. Regular checks with a laboratory examination service are needed to detect early emergence of resistance and side effects of the treatment, which are initially only detectable in the laboratory.

• MeSH
• adherence k farmakoterapii * psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HIV infekce * farmakoterapie   psychologie   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• látky proti HIV * terapeutické užití   moč   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počet CD4 lymfocytů MeSH
• virová nálož MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Úzkostné poruchy jsou v současnosti nejčetnější skupinou duševních poruch, postihují světově více než 300 milionů lidí. Rozpočty směřující na léčení a prevenci těchto poruch jsou velmi omezené. Článek se zaměřuje na soucit se sebou, který je dostupným přístupem snižování úzkostných příznaků i potenciálního léčení úzkostných poruch. Uvedený text se opírá zejména o teorii tří systémů regulace emocí, doplněnou o rešerši studií zaměřujících se na vztah mezi soucitem se sebou, úzkostnými příznaky, citovou vazbou a oxytocinem. Pro budoucí rozvoj tohoto oboru je zapotřebí více randomizovaných kontrolovaných longitudinálních studií a komplexnějších výzkumných modelů, zkoumajících zejména roli mediačních/moderačních faktorů, jako je citová vazba či emoční regulace. Autoři v oboru by také měli zvážit adaptování a validaci většího množství intervencí v rámci klinické populace. Významný potenciál budoucího výzkumu lze spatřit ve zkoumání role oxytocinu, který dle některých studií vykazuje příznivé efekty pro snižování úzkostí. V poslední části jsou prezentována doporučení pro podporu praxe pracovníků v oblasti duševního zdraví.

Anxiety disorders are currently the most common group of mental disorders, affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. Budgets for the treatment and prevention of these disorders are very limited. The article focuses on self-compassion, which is an available approach to reducing anxiety symptoms as well as potentially treating anxiety disorders. The above text is mainly based on the theory of three systems of emotion regulation, as well as studies focusing on the relationship between self-compassion, anxiety symptoms, emotional attachment and oxytocin. Based on this, recommendations for future studies are presented. For the future development of this field, more randomized controlled longitudinal studies and more complex research models are needed, especially investigating the role of mediating/moderating factors such as emotional attachment, personality characteristics or emotional regulation. Authors in the field should also consider adapting and validating more interventions within a clinical population. Significant potential for future research can be seen in examining the role of oxytocin, which according to some studies shows beneficial effects for reducing anxiety. In the last part, recommendations for supporting the practice of mental health workers are presented.

Emočně nestabilní adolescenti představují rozsáhlou skupinu pacientů, kterými se v současnosti zabývají pedopsychiatrická pracoviště, jak ambulantního, tak lůžkového charakteru. Převážnou většinu tvoří adolescentní dívky, které přicházejí zejména pro úzkostně depresivní symptomatiku, sebepoškozování a suicidální chování. Emoční nestabilita v adolescenci představuje spektrum závažnosti, počínaje emoční labilitou obvyklou v dospívání, až po poruchy ve vývoji osobnosti, které mohou v nejzávažnějším případě vyústit do emočně nestabilní – hraniční poruchy osobnosti. Terapie vyžaduje integrovaný přístup, s důrazem na psychoterapii a rodinnou terapii, a také indikovanou farmakoterapii.

Emotionaly unstable adolescents represent a large group of patients currently dealt with pedopsychiatric facilities, both outpatient and inpatient. The vast majority are adolescent girl who come mainly for anxiety - depressive symptoms, self harm and suicidal behavior. Emotional instability in adolescence represents a spektrum of severity, starting with emotional lability common in adolescence, up to disturbances in personality development, which in the most serious case can reset in emotionally unstable - bordeline personality disorder. Therapy requires an integrated approach, with an emphasis on psychotherapy and family therapy, as well as indicated pharmacotherapy.

BACKGROUND: The number of mobile apps tailored for people living with mental health conditions has increased tremendously. However, the majority of the existing apps are not evidence-based and are being developed by teams without mental health expertise. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore psychiatrists' perceptions of what they and their patients need in a mental health app and eventually inform the design of future mobile apps in this area. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with psychiatrists (N = 18) from three European countries: Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Content analysis using inductive and deductive coding was used to analyze the interviews. RESULTS: Four major themes were deductively identified: current system, gaps in the current system, recommendations for a mobile app, and promoting app use. Psychiatrists provided a comprehensive list of app features they suggested would be helpful. Of particular importance seemed to be enabling patients to self-monitor various aspects of their lives and including an emergency plan. Participants also emphasized that the app should be positive and motivating for patients to use, with some suggesting that users be able to communicate with other users for support. Within the theme of "current system," a common topic was the current shortage of psychiatrists and the feelings of time pressure amongst existing psychiatrists. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study can be used by software developers to inform future designs of mental health mobile apps, which will hopefully translate to a greater availability of evidence-based apps that address clinical needs.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH