Sunde, K.*
Dotaz
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Advances in bio-logging technology for wildlife monitoring have expanded our ability to study space use and behavior of many animal species at increasingly detailed scales. However, such data can be challenging to analyze due to autocorrelation of GPS positions. As a case study, we investigated spatiotemporal movements and habitat selection in the little owl (Athene noctua), a bird species that is declining in central Europe and verges on extinction in Denmark. We equipped 6 Danish food-supplemented little owls and 6 non-supplemented owls in the Czech Republic with high-resolution GPS loggers that recorded one position per minute. Nightly space use, measured as 95% kernel density estimates, of Danish male owls were on average 62 ha (± 64 SD, larger than any found in previous studies) compared to 2 ha (± 1) in females, and to 3 ± 1 ha (males) versus 3 ± 5 ha (females) in the Czech Republic. Foraging Danish male owls moved on average 4-fold further from their nest and at almost double the distance per hour than Czech males. To create availability data for the habitat selection analysis, we accounted for high spatiotemporal autocorrelation of the GPS data by simulating correlated random walks with the same autocorrelation structure as the actual little owl movement trajectories. We found that habitat selection was similar between Danish and Czech owls, with individuals selecting for short vegetation and areas with high structural diversity. Our limited sample size did not allow us to infer patterns on a population level, but nevertheless demonstrates how high-resolution GPS data can help to identify critical habitat requirements to better formulate conservation actions on a local scale.
- MeSH
- biologický monitoring MeSH
- chování zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- migrace zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- pohyb fyziologie MeSH
- Stringiformes fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Studie SUND zjišťovala rozdíly v terapeutické účinnosti dosažení kontroly astmatu mezi režimy s flexibilním dávkováním kombinace budesonid/formoterol a fixním dávkováním kombinací budesonid/formoterol a salmeterol/fluticason. Flexibilní dávkování kombinace budesonid/ formoterol znamenalo při nižší denní dávce lepší kontrolu astmatu (měřeno jako OR dosažení týdne dobře kontrolovaného astmatu – WCAW) oproti fixnímu dávkování téže kombinace. Pacienti v režimu s flexibilním dávkováním měli méně často exacerbace než pacienti s fixním dávkováním kombinace salmeterol/fluticason (nesignifikantní snížení bylo zaznamenáno i pro FD režim budesonid/formoterol). Signifikantně byla snížena i četnost užití úlevové medikace oproti režimům s fixním dávkováním.
The SUND study presented was to assess the effectiveness of AMD (adjustable maintenance dosing) with budesonide/formoterol and FD (fixed-dose) with either budesonide/formoterol or salmeterol/fluticasone in gaining and maintaining control of asthma (odds of achieving well-controlled asthma week – WCAW). Budesonide/formoterol AMD increased the odds of achieving a WCAW vs budesonide/formoterol FD, despite a reduction in average study drug use. Budesonide/formoterol AMD had significantly lower exacerbation rate over the study vs. salmeterol/fluticasone FD (a reduction vs. budesonide/formoterol FD did not reach statistical significance). Budesonide/formoterol patients used less reliever medication vs. fixed-dosed regimes.
- MeSH
- antiastmatika aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- bronchiální astma diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
- sympatomimetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Despite a lack of randomized trials, practice guidelines recommend that mild induced hypothermia be considered for comatose survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrest. This study describes the safety, feasibility, and outcomes of mild induced hypothermia treatment following in-hospital cardiac arrest. DESIGN: Prospective, observational, registry-based study. SETTING: Forty-six critical care facilities in eight countries in Europe and the United States reporting in the Hypothermia Network Registry and the International Cardiac Arrest Registry. PATIENTS: A total of 663 patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest and treated with mild induced hypothermia were included between January 2004 and February 2012. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A cerebral performance category of 1 or 2 was considered a good outcome. At hospital discharge 41% of patients had a good outcome. At median 6-month follow-up, 34% had a good outcome. Among in-hospital deaths, 52% were of cardiac causes and 44% of cerebral cause. A higher initial body temperature was associated with reduced odds of a good outcome (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.92). Adverse events were common; bleeding requiring transfusion (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.31-1.00) and sepsis (odds ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.30-0.91) were associated with reduced odds for a good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In this registry study of an in-hospital cardiac arrest population treated with mild induced hypothermia, we found a 41% good outcome at hospital discharge and 34% at follow-up. Infectious complications occurred in 43% of cases, and 11% of patients required a transfusion for bleeding. The majority of deaths were of cardiac origin.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- kóma epidemiologie MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu metody MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- srdeční arytmie MeSH
- srdeční zástava komplikace terapie MeSH
- tělesná teplota MeSH
- terapeutická hypotermie metody mortalita MeSH
- ukazatele zdravotního stavu MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Research on helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) in major incidents is predominately based on case descriptions reported in a heterogeneous fashion. Uniform data reported with a consensus-based template could facilitate the collection, analysis, and exchange of experiences. This type of database presently exists for major incident reporting at www.majorincidentreporting.net. This study aimed to develop a HEMS-specific major incident template. METHODS: This Delphi study included 17 prehospital critical care physicians with current or previous HEMS experience. All participants interacted through e-mail. We asked these experts to define data variables and rank which were most important to report during an immediate prehospital medical response to a major incident. Five rounds were conducted. RESULTS: In the first round, the experts suggested 98 variables. After 5 rounds, 21 variables were determined by consensus. These variables were formatted in a template with 4 main categories: HEMS background information, the major incident characteristics relevant to HEMS, the HEMS response to the major incident, and the key lessons learned. CONCLUSION: Based on opinions from European experts, we established a consensus-based template for reporting on HEMS responses to major incidents. This template will facilitate uniformity in the collection, analysis, and exchange of experience.
- MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- delfská metoda MeSH
- konsensus * MeSH
- lékaři MeSH
- letecká záchranná služba * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- urgentní zdravotnické služby MeSH
- výzkumná zpráva normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
PURPOSE: Functional outcomes vary between centers after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and are partially explained by pre-existing health status and arrest characteristics, while the effects of in-hospital treatments on functional outcome are less understood. We examined variation in functional outcomes by center after adjusting for patient- and arrest-specific characteristics and evaluated how in-hospital management differs between high- and low-performing centers. METHODS: Analysis of observational registry data within the International Cardiac Arrest Registry was used to perform a hierarchical model of center-specific risk standardized rates for good outcome, adjusted for demographics, pre-existing functional status, and arrest-related factors with treatment center as a random effect variable. We described the variability in treatments and diagnostic tests that may influence outcome at centers with adjusted rates significantly above and below registry average. RESULTS: A total of 3855 patients were admitted to an ICU following cardiac arrest with return of spontaneous circulation. The overall prevalence of good outcome was 11-63% among centers. After adjustment, center-specific risk standardized rates for good functional outcome ranged from 0.47 (0.37-0.58) to 0.20 (0.12-0.26). High-performing centers had faster time to goal temperature, were more likely to have goal temperature of 33 °C, more likely to perform unconscious cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention, and had differing prognostication practices than low-performing centers. CONCLUSIONS: Center-specific differences in outcomes after OHCA after adjusting for patient-specific factors exist. This variation could partially be explained by in-hospital management differences. Future research should address the contribution of these factors to the differences in outcomes after resuscitation.
- MeSH
- internacionalita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- registrace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie * MeSH
- zástava srdce mimo nemocnici epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.
- Publikační typ
- tisková chyba MeSH
1. Primary objectives of national parks usually include both, the protection of natural processes and species conservation. When these objectives conflict, as occurs because of the cascading effects of large mammals (i.e., ungulates and large carnivores) on lower trophic levels, park managers have to decide upon the appropriate management while considering various local circumstances. 2. To analyse if ungulate management strategies are in accordance with the objectives defined for protected areas, we assessed the current status of ungulate management across European national parks using the naturalness concept and identified the variables that influence the management. 3. We collected data on ungulate management from 209 European national parks in 29 countries by means of a large-scale questionnaire survey. Ungulate management in the parks was compared by creating two naturalness scores. The first score reflects ungulate and large carnivore species compositions, and the second evaluates human intervention on ungulate populations. We then tested whether the two naturalness score categories are influenced by the management objectives, park size, years since establishment, percentage of government-owned land, and human impact on the environment (human influence index) using two generalized additive mixed models. 4. In 67.9% of the national parks, wildlife is regulated by culling (40.2%) or hunting (10.5%) or both (17.2%). Artificial feeding occurred in 81.3% of the national parks and only 28.5% of the national parks had a non-intervention zone covering at least 75% of the area. Furthermore, ungulate management differed greatly among the different countries, likely because of differences in hunting traditions and cultural and political backgrounds. Ungulate management was also influenced by park size, human impact on the landscape, and national park objectives, but after removing these variables from the full model the reduced models only showed a small change in the deviance explained. In areas with higher anthropogenic pressure, wildlife diversity tended to be lower and a higher number of domesticated species tended to be present. Human intervention (culling and artificial feeding) was lower in smaller national parks and when park objectives followed those set by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 5. Our study shows that many European national parks do not fulfil the aims of protected area management as set by IUCN guidelines. In contrast to the USA and Canada, Europe currently has no common ungulate management policy within national parks. This lack of a common policy together with differences in species composition, hunting traditions, and cultural or political context has led to differences in ungulate management among European countries. To fulfil the aims and objectives of national parks and to develop ungulate management strategies further, we highlight the importance of creating a more integrated European ungulate management policy to meet the aims of national parks.
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2., neu durchgearb. und vermehr. Aufl. xvi, 668 [i.e. 687] s. ; 19 cm
- Klíčová slova
- syndrom krátkého QT,
- MeSH
- Brugadův syndrom etiologie genetika MeSH
- chromozomální aberace klasifikace MeSH
- cytogenetika MeSH
- fibrilace komor etiologie genetika MeSH
- genetické testování * klasifikace metody MeSH
- geny MeSH
- kardiomyopatie etiologie genetika klasifikace MeSH
- karyotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nemoci srdce * etiologie genetika klasifikace MeSH
- srdeční arytmie etiologie genetika klasifikace MeSH
- syndrom dlouhého QT etiologie genetika MeSH
- terminologie jako téma MeSH
- typy dědičnosti MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
