In genetic programming (GP), computer programs are often coevolved with training data subsets that are known as fitness predictors. In order to maximize performance of GP, it is important to find the most suitable parameters of coevolution, particularly the fitness predictor size. This is a very time-consuming process as the predictor size depends on a given application, and many experiments have to be performed to find its suitable size. A new method is proposed which enables us to automatically adapt the predictor and its size for a given problem and thus to reduce not only the time of evolution, but also the time needed to tune the evolutionary algorithm. The method was implemented in the context of Cartesian genetic programming and evaluated using five symbolic regression problems and three image filter design problems. In comparison with three different CGP implementations, the time required by CGP search was reduced while the quality of results remained unaffected.

• MeSH
• Algorithms * MeSH
• Biological Evolution * MeSH
• Genetic Fitness MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Computer Simulation MeSH
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods   MeSH
• Signal-To-Noise Ratio MeSH
• Regression Analysis MeSH
• Software * MeSH
• Image Enhancement methods   MeSH
• Computational Biology methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: Impairment of cognition and speech are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but their relationship is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between articulation rate characteristics and processing speed and to investigate the potential role of objective speech analysis for the detection of cognitive decline in MS. METHODS: A total of 122 patients with clinically definite MS were included in this cross-sectional pilot study. Patients underwent three speaking tasks (oral diadochokinesis, reading text and monologue) and assessment of processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT], Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3 s [PASAT-3]). Association between articulation rate and cognition was analyzed using linear regression analysis. We estimated the area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) to evaluate the predictive accuracy of articulation rate measures for the detection of abnormal processing speed. RESULTS: We observed an association between articulation rate and cognitive measures (rho = 0.45-0.58; p < 0.001). Faster reading speed by one word per second was associated with an 18.7 point (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.9-22.5) increase of the SDMT score and 14.7 (95% CI 8.9-20.4) point increase of PASAT-3 score (both p < 0.001). AUC values of articulation rate characteristics for the identification of processing speed impairment ranged between 0.67 and 0.79. Using a cutoff of 3.10 in reading speed, we were able to identify impairment in both the SDMT and PASAT-3 with 91% sensitivity and 54% specificity. CONCLUSION: Slowed articulation rate is strongly associated with processing speed decline. Objective quantitative speech analysis identified patients with abnormal cognitive performance.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Dysarthria etiology   MeSH
• Cognition Disorders diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pilot Projects MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Regression Analysis MeSH
• ROC Curve MeSH
• Multiple Sclerosis complications   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations of frequency, quantity, binge, and problem drinking with cognitive function in older Eastern European adults. METHODS: The investigation included 14,575 participants, aged 47 to 78 years at cognitive assessment in 2006-2008 from Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland), and 6 Czech towns participating in the HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol, and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe) prospective cohort study. Average response rates were 59% at baseline (2002-2005) and 63% in 2006-2008. Alcohol consumption was assessed at baseline and in 2006-2008. Cognitive tests included immediate and delayed word recall, semantic fluency (animal naming), and letter cancellation. Associations between alcohol indices and cognitive scores were analyzed cross-sectionally (all measures from 2006 to 2008) and prospectively (alcohol and covariates from 2002 to 2005 and cognition from 2006 to 2008). RESULTS: In cross-sectional analyses, nondrinkers had lower cognitive scores and female moderate drinkers had better cognitive performance than light drinkers. Heavy, binge, and problem drinking were not consistently associated with cognitive function. Few associations were replicated in prospective analyses. Participants who stopped drinking during follow-up had worse cognition than stable drinkers; in men, regression coefficients (95% confidence interval) ranged from -0.26 (-0.36, -0.16) for immediate recall to -0.14 (-0.24, -0.04) for fluency. CONCLUSION: Regular and episodic heavy drinking were not consistently associated with cognitive function. Worse cognition in participants who stopped drinking during follow-up suggests that inclusion of less healthy ex-drinkers may partly explain poorer cognition in nondrinkers.

• MeSH
• Drinking Behavior * MeSH
• Cognition Disorders epidemiology   etiology   MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests MeSH
• Alcohol Drinking epidemiology   MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Regression Analysis MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Sex Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe, Eastern MeSH

Pochopení vztahu mezi senzomotorickými proměnnými a exerkiny, které ovlivňují funkci mozku a kognici, nám umožňuje hlouběji porozumět biologickému procesu stárnutí. Hlavním cílem této studie bylo zjistit, jak silně jsou mozkový neurotrofický faktor (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF), irisin, svalová hmota a svalová síla asociovány s výsledky testů vybraných kognitivních funkcí u starších žen a jak dobře je predikují. Padesát sedm starších žen (průměrný věk 70,4 ± 4,1 roku) absolvovalo baterii neuropsychologických testů, měření izometrické dynamometrie a bioelektrické impedance. Hladiny v krevním séru sledovaných exerkinů byly stanoveny enzymatickým imunosorbentním testem (ELISA). Pro testování predikcí byly využity hierarchické vícenásobné regresní modely. Odhadli jsme, že rozptyl 46,1 % v krátkodobé paměti byl zapříčiněn hladinami BDNF v séru, přičemž druhým statisticky významným prediktorem byl věk (beta = –0,22; p = 0,030). Síla dolních končetin (lower limb strength, LLS) prokázala významnou prediktivní sílu jak u paměti – bezprostřední vybavení (beta = 0,39; p = 0,004), tak u paměti – oddálené vybavení (beta = 0,45; p = 0,001). Hladiny BDNF v séru byly významným prediktorem u oddáleného vybavení (beta = 0,29; p = 0,048). Přidání hladin BDNF do modelu prokázalo významné zvýšení jeho prediktivní síly o přibližně 5,6 % (p = 0,048) u paměti – oddálené vybavení. Index kosterní svalové hmoty (skeletal muscle index, SMI) a úroveň vzdělání byly významnými prediktory mentální flexibility. Byla zjištěna silná pozitivní asociace mezi hladinami BDNF, irisinem, svalovou silou a kognitivní funkcí, přičemž irisin a svalová síla jsou silnými prediktory hladin BDNF u starších žen. Studie byla realizována s podporou grantu Univerzity Karlovy – PRIMUS/19/HUM/012, Specifického vysokoškolského výzkumu SVV 260599, projektu COOPERATIO a Grantové agentury UK číslo grantu 268321. Korespondenční adresa: PhDr. Veronika Holá Katedra gymnastiky a úpolových sportů FTVS UK José Martího 269/31 162 52 Praha 6-Veleslavín e-mail: veronika.hola@ftvs.cuni.cz

Understanding the relationship between sensorimotor variables and exerkines related to brain function and cognition may help better understand biological ageing. The main aim of this study was to determine how strongly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, muscle mass and muscle strength are associated and predict scores on selected cognitive domain tests in older women. Fifty seven older women (mean age 70.4 ± 4.1 years) underwent a battery of cognitive and psychological tests and measurements of isometric dynamometry and bioelectrical impedance. Serum exerkines levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hierarchical multiple regression models were used to test the predictions. We estimated that 46.1% of the variance in short-term memory was accounted for by serum BDNF levels, with age being the second statistically significant predictor (Beta = -0.22; p = 0.030). Lower limb strength (LLS) showed significant predictive power in both immediate (Beta = 0.39; p = 0.004) and delayed memory (Beta = 0.45; p = 0.001), serum BDNF levels were a significant predictor in delayed memory (Beta = 0.29; p = 0.048). Adding serum BDNF levels to the model showed a significant increase in predictive power of approximately 5.6% (p = 0.048) in delayed memory. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and education level were significant predictors of mental flexibility. A strong positive association between BDNF levels, irisin, muscle strength, and cognitive function was found, with irisin and muscle strength being strong predictors of BDNF levels in older women.

• Keywords
• irisin,
• MeSH
• Fibronectin Type III Domain physiology   MeSH
• Cognition physiology   MeSH
• Cognitive Aging * physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor blood   MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Memory physiology   MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Regression Analysis MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Muscular Atrophy etiology   MeSH
• Muscle Strength physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

BACKGROUND: Outside of the United States, international perspectives on normative data for neuropsychological test performance, within diverse populations, have been scarce. The neuropsychological test battery from the Uniform Data Set (UDS) of the Alzheimer's Disease Centers (ADC) program of the United States National Institute on Aging (NIA) is one of the most sensitive batteries for the evaluation of both normal cognitive aging and pathological cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the feasibility of the Czech Neuropsychological Test Battery from the Uniform Data Set (UDS-Cz 2.0), while also evaluating the results obtained from an international perspective. METHODS: This paper describes data from 520 cognitively normal participants. Regression analyses were used to describe the influence of demographic variables on UDS-Cz test performance. RESULTS: Cognitive performance on all measures declined with age, with patient education level serving as a protective factor. Therefore, the present study provides normative data for the UDS-Cz, adjusted for the demographic variables of age and education. CONCLUSION: The present study determines the psychometric properties of the UDS-Cz and establishes normative values in the aging Czech population, which can be used in clinical settings.

• MeSH
• Alzheimer Disease diagnosis   MeSH
• Internationality MeSH
• Cognition MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• National Institute on Aging (U.S.) MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests standards   MeSH
• Psychometrics methods   MeSH
• Reference Values MeSH
• Regression Analysis MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Validation Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• United States MeSH

We studied whether the (123)I-FP-CIT uptake in the striatum correlates with depressive symptoms and cognitive performance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Twenty patients with PD without major depression and/or dementia (mean age 61.7 +/- 12.7 years) underwent the (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT. Depressive symptoms and cognitive performance were assessed in the ON state. The ratios of striatal to occipital binding for the entire striatum, putamina, and putamen to the caudate (put/caud) index were calculated in the basal ganglia. The association between neuropsychiatric measures and dopamine transporter (DAT) availability was calculated; multiple regression analysis was used to assess association with age and disease duration. We found significant correlations between Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MARDS) and Tower of London (TOL) task scores and (123)I-FP-CIT uptake in various striatal ROIs. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the significant relationship between TOL performance and put/caud ratio (P = 0.001) and to age (P = 0.001), and between MADRS and left striatal (P = 0.005) and putaminal DAT availability (P = 0.003). Our pilot study results demonstrate that imaging with (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT appears to be sensitive for detecting dopaminergic deficit associated with mild depressive symptoms and specific cognitive dysfunction in patients with PD, yet without a current depressive episode and/or dementia. (c) 2008 Movement Disorder Society.

• MeSH
• Corpus Striatum metabolism   MeSH
• Depression etiology   MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon methods   MeSH
• Cognition physiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests MeSH
• Parkinson Disease complications   MeSH
• Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism   MeSH
• Iodine Radioisotopes diagnostic use   MeSH
• Regression Analysis MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Tropanes diagnostic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH

The hyoid bone is characterized by sexually dimorphic features, enabling it to occasionally be used in the sex determination aspect of establishing the biological profile in skeletal remains. Based on a sample of 298 fused and non-fused hyoid bones, the present paper compares several methodological approaches to sexing human hyoid bones in order to test the legitimacy of osteometrics-based linear discriminant equations and to explore the potentials of symbolic regression and methods of geometric morphometrics. In addition, two sets of published predictive models, one of which originated in an indigenous population, were validated on the studied sample. The results showed that the hyoid shape itself is a moderate sex predictor and a combination of linear measurements is a better representation of sex-related differences. The symbolic regression was shown to exceed the predictive powers of linear discriminant function analysis when two models based on a logistic and step regression reached 96% of correctly classified cases. There was a positive correlation between discriminant scores and an individual's age as the sex assessment was highly skewed in favour of males. This suggests that the human hyoid undergoes age-related modifications which facilitates determination of male bones and complicates determination of females in older individuals. The validation of discriminant equations by Komenda and Černý (1990) and Kindschud et al. (2010) revealed that there are marked inter-population and inter-sample differences which lessened the power to correctly determine female hyoid bones.

• MeSH
• Analysis of Variance MeSH
• Discriminant Analysis MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Linear Models MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Multivariate Analysis MeSH
• Observer Variation MeSH
• Hyoid Bone anatomy & histology   MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Software MeSH
• Forensic Anthropology MeSH
• Sex Determination by Skeleton methods   MeSH
• Imaging, Three-Dimensional MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Cíl: Ověření diagnostického potenciálu krátkého testu pro měření kognitivního deficitu u mírné kognitivní poruchy u Parkinsonovy nemoci (PN). Úvod: Syndrom mírné kognitivní poruchy představuje u Parkinsonovy nemoci (PN-MKP) stadium předcházející syndromu demence. Montrealský kognitivní test (MoCA) byl nedávno navržen jako standardní diagnostický postup pro vyšetření PN-MKP. Údaje o validitě a detekčních schopnostech testu MoCA v české verzi na populaci pacientů s PN-MKP dosud chybí. Metodika: Soubor 80 pacientů s idiopatickou PN diagnostikovanou dle standardních kritérií byl vyšetřen dle diagnostického postupu pro PN-MKP. Třicet devět pacientů ze souboru splnilo kritéria pro PN-MKP a ti byli párováni dle věku a vzdělání k souboru 101 kontrolních osob (KS). Výsledky: Celkové hrubé skóry MoCA se mezi skupinami PN-MKP a KS významně lišily (p = 0,006). Ze subskórů MoCA rozlišovaly Pozornost (p = 0,011) a Oddálené vybavení (p < 0,001). Optimální skríningový hraniční skór MoCA pro rozlišení PN-MKP na základě neuropsychologické baterie byl 28/29 s následujícími charakteristikami: senzitivita = 0,90; specificita = 0,32, pozitivní a negativní prediktivní hodnota = 0,57 a 0,76. Sestrojili jsme též regresní rovnici, pomocí které lze na dostatečně velkém souboru kontrolních osob (n = 268) odhadnout výkon v MoCA s přihlédnutím k vlivu věku a vzdělání. Závěr: Ačkoli jsme nalezli skupinové rozdíly mezi pacienty s PN-MKP a KS, naše výsledky ukazují, že detekční potenciál testu MoCA je pro individuální diagnostiku PN-MKP neuspokojivý. Doporučujeme proto standardní neuropsychologickou baterii.

Objective: To establish psychometric properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) with respect to detecting mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI). Introduction: MCI is considered a transitional stage between normal cognitive functioning and dementia. The MoCA has recently been recommended as one of the standard tools for the diagnosis of PD-MCI. However, its detection potential in the Czech population has not been demonstrated. Methods: A sample of 80 patients with PD was administered the MoCA and a neuropsychological battery with criteria operationalized for MCI-deficits. Thirty nine of these patients (PD-MCI sample) were age and education-matched to a control sample (CS). ROC analysis was used to ascertain classification statistics (discriminative validity) of the MoCA as a diagnostic instrument. Results: The MoCA total score was significantly different between PD-MCI and CS (p = 0.006). Delayed recall was the most differentiating MoCA subscore (p < 0.001). The 28/29 scores were identified as an optimal screening MoCA cut-off to discriminate PD-MCI from CS was (sensitivity = 0.90, specificity = 0.32; positive and negative predictive value = 0.57 and 0.76, respectively). We constructed a regression equation based on a large control sample of the Czech population (n = 268) to estimate the MoCA's age and education-specific performance more accurately. Conclusion: Despite the group differences between PD-MCI and CS, our results show that MoCA has an unsatisfactory detection potential for an individual diagnosis of PD-MCI. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery is thus recommendable. Key words: validity – mild cognitive impairment – diagnostic criteria – Parkinson's disease – Montreal Cognitive Assessment The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manu­script met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.

• Keywords
• diagnostická kritéria, Montrealský kognitivní test,
• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction * diagnosis   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests * standards   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Parkinson Disease * diagnosis   MeSH
• Predictive Value of Tests MeSH
• Regression Analysis MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• ROC Curve MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Validation Study MeSH

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial work characteristics may predict cognitive functioning after retirement. However, little research has explored specific cognitive domains associated with psychosocial work environments. Our study tested whether exposure to job demands, job control and their combination during working life predicted post-retirement performance on eight cognitive tests. METHODS: We used data from French GAZEL cohort members who had undergone post-retirement cognitive testing (n=2149). Psychosocial job characteristics were measured on average for 4 years before retirement using Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire (job demands, job control and demand-control combinations). We tested associations between these exposures and post-retirement performance on tests for executive function, visual-motor speed, psychomotor speed, verbal memory, and verbal fluency using ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS: Low job control during working life was negatively associated with executive function, psychomotor speed, phonemic fluency and semantic fluency after retirement (p's<0.05), even after adjustment for demographics, socioeconomic status, health and social behaviours and vascular risk factors. Both passive (low-demand, low-control) and high-strain (high-demand, low-control) jobs were associated with lower scores on phonemic and semantic fluency when compared to low-strain (low-demand, high-control) jobs. CONCLUSIONS: Low job control, in combination with both high and low-job demands, is associated with post-retirement deficits in some, but not all, cognitive domains. In addition to work stress, associations between passive work and subsequent cognitive function may implicate lack of cognitive engagement at work as a risk factor for future cognitive difficulties.

• MeSH
• Retirement MeSH
• Cognition MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction psychology   MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Occupational Diseases psychology   MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests MeSH
• Work psychology   MeSH
• Workplace psychology   MeSH
• Workload psychology   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Stress, Psychological MeSH
• Regression Analysis MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Social Class MeSH
• Aging psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• France MeSH

Epizodická paměť a její porucha jsou jedním z ukazatelů vyšší pravděpodobnosti vývoje Alzheimerovy choroby mezi staršími zdravými lidmi a pacienty s mírnou kognitivní poruchou (MCI). Poruchy jsou definující charakteristikou pro amnestický typ MCI s paměťovými poruchami, bez jiných kognitivních problémů a se zachovanými aktivitami běžného života. Podle současných teoretických přístupů zahrnuje epizodická paměť časovou a prostorovou komponentu. Tato studie ověřovala hypotézu, že tyto dvě komponenty jsou v rozdílné míře ovlivněné nepaměťovými kognitivními funkcemi a také v rozdílné míře reflektované v současných klinických testech epizodické paměti. Použili jsme nově vyvinutý počítačový test paměti epizodického typu, rozlišující časovou a prostorovou komponentu a porovnali výsledky v tomto testu u kontrolní skupiny zdravých lidí a tří skupin pacientů s MCI: neamnestické MCI, amnestické MCI jednoa vícedoménové. Postiženi v testu byli pacienti s amnestickou MCI a překvapivě pacienti s neamnestickou MCI byli postiženi v paměti pro pořadí obrázků. Naše výsledky ukazují, že použité standardní testy epizodické paměti postrádají časovou komponentu, což můžže vézt k neschopnosti zaznamenat paměťový deficit u některých pacientů.

Episodic memory and its impairment is one of the markers of higher probability of progression to Alzheimer disease (AD) among healthy elderly population and among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The impairment is a defining characteristic for amnestic type of MCI with memory dysfunction but normal other cognitive functions and intact activities of daily life. According to the current theoretical concepts, episodic memory includes temporal and spatial component. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis, that these two components of episodic memory are to a different degree influenced by non-memory cognitive functions and also to a different degree reflected in current clinically used episodic memory tests. We used a novel episodic-like memory test for human, distinguishing the temporal and spatial component, and compared results in this test of a group of healthy subjects and three groups of MCI patients: nonamnestic MCI, amnestic MCI single-domain and amnestic MCI multi-domain. Both amnestic MCI groups were impaired in the test. Surprisingly, the group of naMCI patients was impaired in the recall of temporal order of pictures. Our results show that the routinely used standard episodic memory tests lack the temporal component, potentially leading to failure of noticing memory impairment in some subjects.

• MeSH
• Alzheimer Disease diagnosis   MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Cognition Disorders diagnosis   classification   MeSH
• Congresses as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests standards   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Memory Disorders diagnosis   classification   MeSH
• Regression Analysis MeSH
• Mental Recall classification   drug effects   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH