• MeSH
• muzea MeSH
• politika MeSH
• postižení MeSH
• skupiny lidí MeSH
• sociologické faktory MeSH
• výstavy jako téma MeSH
• Publikační typ
• katalogy MeSH
• výstavy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Muzea. Muzeologie. Muzejnictví. Výstavy
• NLK Obory
• patologie
• sociologie
• politologie, politika, zdravotní politika

• O autorovi
• Würtz, Hans, 1875-1958 Autorita

DNA damage is a common event in cells, resulting from both internal and external factors. The maintenance of genomic integrity is vital for cellular function and physiological processes. The inadequate repair of DNA damage results in the genomic instability, which has been associated with the development and progression of various human diseases. Accumulation of DNA damage can lead to multiple diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, immune deficiencies, infertility, and ageing. This comprehensive review delves the impact of alterations in DNA damage response genes (DDR) and tries to elucidate how and to what extent the same traits modulate diverse major human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and immunological disorders. DDR is apparently the trait connecting important complex disorders in humans. However, the pathogenesis of the above disorders and diseases are different and lead to divergent consequences. It is important to discover the switch(es) that direct further the pathogenic process either to proliferative, or degenerative diseases. Our understanding of the influence of DNA damage on diverse human disorders may enable the development of the strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat these diseases. In our article, we analysed publicly available GWAS summary statistics from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog and identified 12 009 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with cancer. Among these, 119 SNPs were found in DDR pathways, exhibiting significant P-values. Additionally, we identified 44 SNPs linked to various cancer types and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including four located in DDR-related genes: ATM, CUX2, and WNT3. Furthermore, 402 SNPs were associated with both cancer and immunological disorders, with two found in the DDR gene RAD51B. This highlights the versatility of the DDR pathway in multifactorial diseases. However, the specific mechanisms that regulate DDR to initiate distinct pathogenic processes remain to be elucidated.

• MeSH
• celogenomová asociační studie MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * genetika   MeSH
• nemoci imunitního systému * genetika   MeSH
• nestabilita genomu genetika   MeSH
• neurodegenerativní nemoci * genetika   MeSH
• oprava DNA * genetika   MeSH
• poškození DNA * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Microbial entomopathogens that include fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes have long been valued for their role in biological control of insect pests. However, recent research highlights their expanded applications beyond pest management. Entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium spp. are increasingly recognized for their potential as biocontrol agents in integrated pest management systems. These fungi exhibit not only direct insecticidal effects but also secondary metabolites that contribute to plant disease suppression, thereby enhancing crop health and yield. Bacterial entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis, as the most widely used biopesticide, has also demonstrated potency not only against insects but also as systemic resistance inducer, thereby boosting plant immunity against pathogens. Moreover, entomopathogens are emerging as growth promoters and biostimulants, enhancing crop vigor through nutrient uptake and root development. This review consolidates current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of microbial entomopathogens against pests as well as current understanding on its other plant-beneficial traits. It also discusses their environmental impact and potential integration into sustainable agricultural practices. This comprehensive exploration underscores the transformative potential of microbial entomopathogens in shaping future strategies for holistic crop health management including pest management in agriculture.

• MeSH
• Bacillus thuringiensis MeSH
• Bacteria MeSH
• Beauveria MeSH
• biologická kontrola škůdců * metody   MeSH
• biologická ochrana * MeSH
• hmyz mikrobiologie   MeSH
• houby * MeSH
• Metarhizium fyziologie   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin prevence a kontrola   parazitologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny mikrobiologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zemědělství * metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Genetic variations in protein expression are implicated in a broad spectrum of common diseases and complex traits but remain less explored compared to mRNA and classical phenotypes. This study systematically analyzed brain proteomes in a rat family using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative mass spectrometry. We quantified 8,119 proteins across two parental strains (SHR/Olalpcv and BN-Lx/Cub) and 29 HXB/BXH recombinant inbred (RI) strains, identifying 597 proteins with differential expression and 464 proteins linked to cis-acting quantitative trait loci (pQTLs). Proteogenomics identified 95 variant peptides, and sex-specific analyses revealed both shared and distinct cis-pQTLs. We improved the ability to pinpoint candidate genes underlying pQTLs by utilizing the rat pangenome and explored the connections between pQTLs in rats and human disorders. Collectively, this study highlights the value of large proteo-genetic datasets in elucidating protein modulation in the brain and its links to complex central nervous system (CNS) traits.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Subtle, prognostically important ECG features may not be apparent to physicians. In the course of supervised machine learning, thousands of ECG features are identified. These are not limited to conventional ECG parameters and morphology. We aimed to investigate whether neural network-derived ECG features could be used to predict future cardiovascular disease and mortality and have phenotypic and genotypic associations. METHODS: We extracted 5120 neural network-derived ECG features from an artificial intelligence-enabled ECG model trained for 6 simple diagnoses and applied unsupervised machine learning to identify 3 phenogroups. Using the identified phenogroups, we externally validated our findings in 5 diverse cohorts from the United States, Brazil, and the United Kingdom. Data were collected between 2000 and 2023. RESULTS: In total, 1 808 584 patients were included in this study. In the derivation cohort, the 3 phenogroups had significantly different mortality profiles. After adjusting for known covariates, phenogroup B had a 20% increase in long-term mortality compared with phenogroup A (hazard ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.17-1.23]; P<0.0001; phenogroup A mortality, 2.2%; phenogroup B mortality, 6.1%). In univariate analyses, we found phenogroup B had a significantly greater risk of mortality in all cohorts (log-rank P<0.01 in all 5 cohorts). Phenome-wide association study showed phenogroup B had a higher rate of future atrial fibrillation (odds ratio, 2.89; P<0.00001), ventricular tachycardia (odds ratio, 2.00; P<0.00001), ischemic heart disease (odds ratio, 1.44; P<0.00001), and cardiomyopathy (odds ratio, 2.04; P<0.00001). A single-trait genome-wide association study yielded 4 loci. SCN10A, SCN5A, and CAV1 have roles in cardiac conduction and arrhythmia. ARHGAP24 does not have a clear cardiac role and may be a novel target. CONCLUSIONS: Neural network-derived ECG features can be used to predict all-cause mortality and future cardiovascular diseases. We have identified biologically plausible and novel phenotypic and genotypic associations that describe mechanisms for the increased risk identified.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• elektrokardiografie * MeSH
• fenotyp * MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza   mortalita   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuronové sítě * MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů * MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční frekvence MeSH
• strojové učení bez učitele MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

Celosvětově se vyskytující zoonotická onemocnění jako brucelóza zvyšují mortalitu na onemocnění srdce i výskyt maligních arytmií. Variabilita srdeční frekvence (heart rate variability, HRV) se měří neinvazivně se spolehlivým výsledkem. Nižší hodnoty HRV ukazují na autonomní dysfunkci. K detekci komorových arytmií se používají poměry intervalu Tp-e/QT (QT) a korigovaného QT (QTc). Cíl: U pacientů s brucelózou jsme zkoumali vztah mezi autonomní dysfunkcí a repolarizací komor (ventricular repolarization, VR). Hodnocení se provádělo neinvazivně měřením parametrů HRV a VR. Metody: Do studie bylo zařazeno 100 pacientů s brucelózou; jejich průměrný věk byl 39,2 ± 1,1 roku. Kontrolní skupinu srovnatelného věku a poměru obou pohlaví tvořilo 100 zdravých dobrovolníků průměrného věku 44,3 roku. Vypočítávali a zaznamenávali jsme hodnoty Tp-e, QT a QTc i poměr Tp-e/QTc stejně jako hodnoty HRV. Výsledky: Pacienti s brucelózou měli značně vyšší hodnoty QTmax , QTcmax , QTmin a QTcmin než kontroly. Poměry rozptylu hodnot Tp-e, cTp-e, Tp-e/QTc a Tp-e byly statisticky významně vyšší u pacientů s brucelózou než u kontrolních jedinců (80,2 ± 4,4 a 73,8 ± 5,4; p < 0,001, resp. 87,5 ± 6,2 a 82,6 ± 7,8; p = 0,001, 0,20 ± 0,01 a 0,21 ± 0,01; p = 0,004 a 29,4 ± 11,9 a 21,7 ± 10,2). U pacientů s brucelózou byly nalezeny vyšší poměry LF/ HF během dne a během noci (p < 0,001). Poměry LF/HF během dne a během noci příznivě korelovaly s hodnotami Tpe_cQT (r = 0,700; p < 0,001, resp. r = 0,746; p < 0,001). Závěry: Při elektrokardiografickém vyšetření měli pacienti s brucelózou delší intervaly Tp-e a vyšší poměry QT i QTc. U pacientů s brucelózou byly zjištěny jisté známky zvýšené HRV včetně poměru LF/HF. Byla prokázána příznivá korelace hodnot LF/HF a Tp-e/QTc. Brucelóza může působit subklinické postižení srdce a autonomní dysfunkci. Tito pacienti vyžadují důslednější screening komorových arytmií.

Background: Global zoonotic diseases like brucellosis increase cardiac mortality and malignant arrhythmias. Heart rate variability (HRV) measures heart rate non-invasively and reliably. Lower HRV suggests autonomic dysfunction. The Tp-e/QT interval (QT) and corrected QT (QTc) ratios are used to detect ventricular arrhyth- mogenesis. Objective: In brucellosis, we examined the relationship between autonomic dysfunction and ventricular repolarization (VR). This was done noninvasively by assessing HRV and VR parameters. Methods: One hundred patients with brucellosis had a mean age of 39.2±1.1 years. One hundred healthy volunteers with a mean age of 44.3 years made up the control group, which was age and sex matched. We calculated and recorded Tp-e, QT, QTc, and Tp-e/QTc, as well as HRV values. Results: Brucellosis patients had considerably greater QTmax, QTcmax, QTmin, and QTcmin than controls. Tp-e, cTp-e, Tp-e/QTc, and Tp-e dispersion ratios were significantly greater in brucellosis patients compared to the control group (80.2±4.4 and 73.8±5.4, p <0.001; 87.5±6.2 and 82.6±7.8, p = 0.001; 0.20±0.01 and 0.21±0.01, p = 0.004; 29.4±11.9 and 21.7±10.2. Patients with brucellosis had greater LF/HF ratios during daylight and overnight (p <0.001). Daytime and nighttime LF/HF ratios were favourably linked with Tpe_cQT (r = 0.700, p <0.001, and r = 0.746, p <0.001, respectively). Conclusions: On electrocardiography, brucellosis patients had longer Tp-e intervals, QT ratios, and QTc ratios. Brucellosis patients had increased HRV traits, including the LF/HF ratio. LF/HF and Tp-e/QTc correlated favourably. Brucellosis may cause subclinical cardiac engagement and autonomic dysfunction. These pa- tients need more ventricular arrhythmia screening.

• MeSH
• brucelóza * komplikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrokardiografie metody   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci autonomního nervového systému * etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• srdeční arytmie etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence * MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH

This study examines the personality patterns of solo founders in both high-tech and non-high-tech sectors during the first seven years of their entrepreneurial journey to emphasize the patterns' implications during policymaking, investment decisions, and self-assessments. IAB/ZEW startup panel microdata for the sector classification of 4470 solo entrepreneurs in Germany were analyzed to identify Big Five trait patterns influenced by risk propensities, innovation inclination, and gender. The entrepreneurial profiles indicate positive openness, emotional resilience, and sector-specific clusters. Conscientiousness suggests flexibility, and while variations in extraversion and agreeableness exist, negative neuroticism was predominantly found, except for gender-related differences and multidimensional service innovators. Big Five traits provide information about important foundational profile patterns to describe unique solo entrepreneur types influenced by risk, innovation, and gender. Originality and value: Risk propensity characterizes 'Adaptive Services,' 'Dynamic Knowledge Innovators,' and 'Strategic Risk Navigators.' Additionally, 'Multidimensional Service Innovators' and 'Focused Tech Innovators' signify innovation understanding. The Big Five profiles show openness and emotional stability across sectors, providing crucial insights for effective entrepreneurial support and investment strategies.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobnost * MeSH
• podnikání * MeSH
• průmysl MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Německo MeSH

An increasing number of software tools can be used in forensic anthropology to estimate a biological profile, but further studies in other populations are required for more robust validation. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of MorphoPASSE software for sex estimation from sexually dimorphic cranial traits recorded on 3D CT models (n = 180) from three populations samples (Czech, French, and Egyptian). Two independent observers performed scoring of 4 cranial traits (2 of them bilateral) in each population sample of 30 males and 30 females. The accuracy of sex estimation using traditional posterior probability threshold (pp = 0.5) ranged from 85.6% to 88.3% and overall classification error from 14.4% to 11.7% for both observers, and corresponds to the previously published values of the method. The MorphoPASSE method is also affected by the subjectivity of the observers, as both observers show agreement in sex assignment in 83.9% of cases, regardless of the accuracy of the estimates. Applying a higher posterior probability threshold (pp 0.95) provided classification accuracy of 97.9% and 93.3% of individuals (for observer A and B respectively), minimizing the risk of error to 2.1% and 6.7%, respectively. However, sex estimation can only be applied to 54% and 66% of individuals, respectively. Our results demonstrate the validity of the MorphoPASSE software for cranial sex estimation outside the reference population. However, the achieved classification success is accompanied by a high risk of errors, the reduction of which is only possible by increasing the posterior probability threshold.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lebka * anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• pravděpodobnost MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• software * MeSH
• soudní antropologie * metody   MeSH
• určení pohlaví podle kostry * metody   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Egypt MeSH
• Francie MeSH

BACKGROUND: In the absence of prognostic biomarkers, most patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (eTNBC) are treated with combination chemotherapy. The identification of biomarkers to select patients for whom treatment de-escalation or escalation could be considered remains an unmet need. We evaluated the prognostic value of histopathologic traits in a unique cohort of young, (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy-naïve patients with early-stage (stage I or II), node-negative TNBC and long-term follow-up, in relation to stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) for which the prognostic value was recently reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied all 485 patients with node-negative eTNBC from the population-based PARADIGM cohort which selected women aged <40 years diagnosed between 1989 and 2000. None of the patients had received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy according to standard practice at the time. Associations between histopathologic traits and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were analyzed with Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 20.0 years, an independent prognostic value for BCSS was observed for lymphovascular invasion (LVI) [adjusted (adj.) hazard ratio (HR) 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49-3.69], fibrotic focus (adj. HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.09-2.37) and sTILs (per 10% increment adj. HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.82). In the sTILs <30% subgroup, the presence of LVI resulted in a higher cumulative incidence of breast cancer death (at 20 years, 58%; 95% CI 41% to 72%) compared with when LVI was absent (at 20 years, 32%; 95% CI 26% to 39%). In the ≥75% sTILs subgroup, the presence of LVI might be associated with poor survival (HR 11.45, 95% CI 0.71-182.36, two deaths). We confirm the lack of prognostic value of androgen receptor expression and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 -low status. CONCLUSIONS: sTILs, LVI and fibrotic focus provide independent prognostic information in young women with node-negative eTNBC. Our results are of importance for the selection of patients for de-escalation and escalation trials.

• MeSH
• adjuvantní chemoterapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• triple-negativní karcinom prsu * farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The genus Acomys is of growing importance to many research fields. Previous research has shown that individuals differ when exploring new environments and that these behavioural strategies are consistent in time. In this study, we subjected 60 commensal Acomys cahirinus (37 males, 23 females) to a series of seven tests (free exploration, forced exploration under bright illumination, forced exploration under low illumination, hole board test, vertical activity test, elevated plus maze, and voluntary wheel running) to acquire independent behavioural traits and investigate whether and how personality develops in spiny mice. The full series of experiments was performed twice during ontogeny: once in the sub-adult stage (tested at 62-72 days of age) and once in the adult stage (102-112 days of age). We found that behaviour of the animals was repeatable both within (range of R values from 0.155 to 0.726) and across the two life-stages (0.238 to 0.563). While the structure of behaviour in adults was rather clear, it had not been fully crystalized in sub-adults, suggesting personality changes during maturation, even though some individual traits might be repeatable across ontogeny. Notably, the most consistent behavioural traits across the different tests were jumping and rearing, which are not commonly reported.

• MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• Murinae MeSH
• osobnost MeSH
• pátrací chování * MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH