Tuberization Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Potato represents the third most important crop worldwide and therefore to understand regulations of tuber onset is crucial from both theoretical and practical points of view. Photosynthesis and related carbohydrate status along with phytohormone balance belong to the essential factors in regulation of plant development including storage organ formation. In our work we used potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Lada and its spontaneously tuberizing mutant (ST plants) grown in vitro under low carbohydrate availability (non-inductive conditions). Small plant phenotype and readiness to tuberization of ST plants was, however, not accompanied by lower gibberellins levels, as determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. Therefore, we focused on the other inducing factor, carbohydrate status. Using HPLC, we followed changes in carbohydrate distribution under mixotrophic (2.5% sucrose in medium) and photoautotrophic conditions (no sucrose addition and higher gas and light availability) and observed changes in soluble carbohydrate allocation and starch deposition, favouring basal stem part in mutants. In addition, the determination of tuber-inducing marker gene expressions revealed increased levels of StSP6A in ST leaves. Collectively these data point towards the possibility of two parallel cross-talking pathways (carbohydrate - and gibberellin- dependent ones) with the power of both to outcompete the other one when its signal is for some reason extraordinary strong.
- MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- gibereliny metabolismus MeSH
- hlízy rostlin genetika metabolismus MeSH
- metabolismus sacharidů genetika fyziologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin genetika fyziologie MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Solanum tuberosum genetika metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a monogenetic disease that arises due to mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene and affects multiple organ systems. One of the hallmark manifestations of TSC are cortical malformations referred to as cortical tubers. These tubers are frequently associated with treatment-resistant epilepsy. Some of these patients are candidates for epilepsy surgery. White matter abnormalities, such as loss of myelin and oligodendroglia, have been described in a small subset of resected tubers but mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unclear. Herein, we analyzed a variety of neuropathologic and immunohistochemical features in gray and white matter areas of resected cortical tubers from 46 TSC patients using semi-automated quantitative image analysis. We observed divergent amounts of myelin basic protein as well as numbers of oligodendroglia in both gray and white matter when compared with matched controls. Analyses of clinical data indicated that reduced numbers of oligodendroglia were associated with lower numbers on the intelligence quotient scale and that lower amounts of myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein were associated with the presence of autism-spectrum disorder. In conclusion, myelin pathology in cortical tubers extends beyond the white matter and may be linked to cognitive dysfunction in TSC patients.
- MeSH
- bílá hmota patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozková kůra patologie MeSH
- myelinová pochva patologie MeSH
- oligodendroglie patologie MeSH
- šedá hmota patologie MeSH
- tuberózní skleróza patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder that results from a mutation in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes leading to constitutive activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). TSC is associated with autism, intellectual disability and severe epilepsy. Cortical tubers are believed to represent the neuropathological substrates of these disabling manifestations in TSC. In the presented study we used high-throughput RNA sequencing in combination with systems-based computational approaches to investigate the complexity of the TSC molecular network. Overall we detected 438 differentially expressed genes and 991 differentially expressed small non-coding RNAs in cortical tubers compared to autopsy control brain tissue. We observed increased expression of genes associated with inflammatory, innate and adaptive immune responses. In contrast, we observed a down-regulation of genes associated with neurogenesis and glutamate receptor signaling. MicroRNAs represented the largest class of over-expressed small non-coding RNA species in tubers. In particular, our analysis revealed that the miR-34 family (including miR-34a, miR-34b and miR-34c) was significantly over-expressed. Functional studies demonstrated the ability of miR-34b to modulate neurite outgrowth in mouse primary hippocampal neuronal cultures. This study provides new insights into the TSC transcriptomic network along with the identification of potential new treatment targets.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epilepsie genetika MeSH
- genetická transkripce genetika MeSH
- hamartin genetika MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mechanistické cílové místo rapamycinového komplexu 1 genetika MeSH
- mikro RNA genetika MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozková kůra fyziologie MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neurony fyziologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- signální transdukce genetika MeSH
- tuberin genetika MeSH
- tuberózní skleróza genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Tuberózní skleróza (TSC) je autozomálně dominantně dědičné multisystémové onemocnění způsobené mutací tumor supresorových genů se vznikem mnohočetných hamartomů a benigních nádorů. Rozlišují se 2 typy TSC způsobené mutací různých tumor supresorových genů – typ 1 (TSC1) a typ 2 (TSC2), podle klinického obrazu jsou tyto typy neodlišitelné. Klinický obraz TSC je variabilní, manifestace projevů je věkově vázaná. Typickými kožními projevy tuberózní sklerózy jsou hypomelanotické makuly, angiofibromy, fibrózní plaky, fibromy nehtů, šagrénová kůže, drobné skvrnité depigmentace, dále se vyskytují hamartomy a benigní nádory v centrálním nervovém systému, oku, plicích, ledvinách a srdci. Častým nálezem je mentální retardace, epilepsie a autismus. Prognóza je individuální podle klinického obrazu a komplikací, příčinou úmrtí bývají komplikace nádorů mozku a ledvin. K diagnostice TSC slouží genová analýza a klinická diagnostická kritéria (11 hlavních a 6 vedlejších). Léčba tuberózní sklerózy je symptomatická, slibné výsledky má léčba mTOR inhibitory. Pacienti by měli být sledováni ve specializovaných centrech.
Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is a hereditary autosomal dominant multisystemic disease caused by mutation of tumor-suppressor genes with multiple hamartomas and benign tumors. There are two types of TSC caused by mutation of various tumorsuppressor genes – type 1 (TSC1) and type 2 (TSC2); these two types are not discernable based on the clinical symptomatology. The clinical symptomatology is variable and age-dependent. Typical cutaneous symptomatology of tuberous sclerosis includes hypomelanotic maculae, angiofibromas, fibrous plaques, fibromas of the nails, shagreen patch, confetti skin lesion, other manifestations include hamartomas and benign tumors of the central nervous system, eyes, lungs, kidneys and heart. A common finding includes mental retardation, epilepsy and autism. The prognosis is variable and depends on the clinical symptomatology and complications; the cause of death being brain or kidney tumors. The diagnosis of TSC is based on genetic analysis or clinical diagnostic criteria (11 primary and 6 secondary). The treatment of tuberous sclerosis is symptomatic, with promising results using the mTOR inhibitors. Patients should be observed in specialized centers.
- MeSH
- angiofibrom etiologie terapie MeSH
- angiomyolipom MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- epilepsie MeSH
- everolimus farmakologie MeSH
- fibrom etiologie MeSH
- kožní manifestace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfangioleiomyomatóza MeSH
- nádory kůže MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy MeSH
- rhabdomyom MeSH
- sirolimus farmakologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- TOR serin-threoninkinasy antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- tuberózní skleróza * diagnóza genetika patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- týmová péče o pacienty MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between timing and characteristics of the first electroencephalography (EEG) with epileptiform discharges (ED-EEG) and epilepsy and neurodevelopment at 24 months in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). METHODS: Patients enrolled in the prospective Epileptogenesis in a genetic model of epilepsy - Tuberous sclerosis complex (EPISTOP) trial, had serial EEG monitoring until the age of 24 months. The timing and characteristics of the first ED-EEG were studied in relation to clinical outcome. Epilepsy-related outcomes were analyzed separately in a conventionally followed group (initiation of vigabatrin after seizure onset) and a preventive group (initiation of vigabatrin before seizures, but after appearance of interictal epileptiform discharges [IEDs]). RESULTS: Eighty-three infants with TSC were enrolled at a median age of 28 days (interquartile range [IQR] 14-54). Seventy-nine of 83 patients (95%) developed epileptiform discharges at a median age of 77 days (IQR 23-111). Patients with a pathogenic TSC2 variant were significantly younger (P-value .009) at first ED-EEG and more frequently had multifocal IED (P-value .042) than patients with a pathogenic TSC1 variant. A younger age at first ED-EEG was significantly associated with lower cognitive (P-value .010), language (P-value .001), and motor (P-value .013) developmental quotients at 24 months. In the conventional group, 48 of 60 developed seizures. In this group, the presence of focal slowing on the first ED-EEG was predictive of earlier seizure onset (P-value .030). Earlier recording of epileptiform discharges (P-value .019), especially when multifocal (P-value .026) was associated with higher risk of drug-resistant epilepsy. In the preventive group, timing, distribution of IED, or focal slowing, was not associated with the epilepsy outcomes. However, when multifocal IEDs were present on the first ED-EEG, preventive treatment delayed the onset of seizures significantly (P-value <.001). SIGNIFICANCE: Early EEG findings help to identify TSC infants at risk of severe epilepsy and neurodevelopmental delay and those who may benefit from preventive treatment with vigabatrin.
- MeSH
- antikonvulziva terapeutické užití MeSH
- časná diagnóza * MeSH
- elektroencefalografie MeSH
- epilepsie diagnóza farmakoterapie etiologie MeSH
- hamartin genetika MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- tuberin genetika MeSH
- tuberózní skleróza komplikace diagnóza genetika MeSH
- vigabatrin terapeutické užití MeSH
- vývojové poruchy u dětí epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder causing benign tumors in the brain and other vital organs. The genes implicated in disease development are TSC1 and TSC2. Here, we have performed mutational analysis followed by a genotype-phenotype correlation study based on the clinical characteristics of the affected individuals. Twenty unrelated probands or families from Greece have been analyzed, of whom 13 had definite TSC, whereas another 7 had a possible TSC diagnosis. Using direct sequencing, we have identified pathogenic mutations in 13 patients/families (6 in TSC1 and 7 in TSC2), 5 of which were novel. The mutation identification rate for patients with definite TSC was 85%, but only 29% for the ones with a possible TSC diagnosis. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) did not reveal any genomic rearrangements in TSC1 and TSC2 in the samples with no mutations identified. In general, TSC2 disease was more severe than TSC1, with more subependymal giant cell astrocytomas and angiomyolipomas, higher incidence of pharmacoresistant epileptic seizures, and more severe neuropsychiatric disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive TSC1 and TSC2 mutational analysis carried out in TSC patients in Greece.
- MeSH
- delece genu MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- exony MeSH
- genetické asociační studie MeSH
- hamartin genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- missense mutace MeSH
- mutační analýza DNA MeSH
- rodokmen MeSH
- terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
- tuberin genetika MeSH
- tuberózní skleróza genetika patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Řecko MeSH
Incidence primárních tumorů srdce je v pediatrické populaci nízká. Nejčastější jsou rhabdomyomy, které jsou typicky vícečetné, většinou asymptomatické a mají příznivou kardiální prognózu. U srdeční rhabdomyomatózy je podstatné významné riziko rozvoje tuberózní sklerózy, závažného multisystémového onemocnění s dominujícím postižením centrální nervové soustavy. Klinicky obraz tuberózní sklerózy zahrnuje organicky podmíněnou epilepsii, mentální retardaci, poruchy chování a abnormality dalších orgánů. Autoři představují 3 kazuistiky s prenatálně nebo časně postnatálně echokardiograficky detekovanými rhabdomyomy srdce. U všech pacientů došlo k postnatální spontánní regresi srdečních nádorů a progresi ostatních příznaků tuberózní sklerózy. Prenatální nebo postnatální echokardiografický záchyt srdečních rhabdomyomů může přispět k časné diagnóze tohoto komplexního onemocnění.
The incidence of primary heart tumors in the paediatric population is low. Rhabdomyomas are the most common tumors, they typically occur as multiple lesions, they are usually asymptomatic and have a favourable cardiac prognosis. In the case of cardiac rhabdomyomatosis, there exists a substantial risk of developing tuberous sclerosis, a severe multisystem disease with a predominant involvement of the central nervous system. The clinical presentation of tuberous sclerosis includes organic epilepsy, mental retardation, behavioural disorders and abnormalities of other organs. Authors present 3 case reports with prenatally or early postnatally echocardiographically detected rhabdomyomas of the heart. All patients experienced postnatal spontaneous regression of heart tumors and, on the contrary, progression of other symptoms of tuberous sclerosis. Prenatal or postnatal echocardiographic detection of cardiac rhabdomyomas may contribute to the early diagnosis of this complex disease.
- MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory srdce diagnóza terapie MeSH
- nemoci plodu diagnóza MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prenatální diagnóza MeSH
- rhabdomyom * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- tuberózní skleróza MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a genetic hamartoma syndrome frequently associated with severe intractable epilepsy. In some TSC patients epilepsy surgery is a promising treatment option provided that the epileptogenic zone can be precisely delineated. TSC brain lesions (cortical tubers) contain dysmorphic neurons, brightly eosinophilic giant cells and white matter alterations in various proportions. However, a histological classification system has not been established for tubers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define distinct histological patterns within tubers based on semi-automated histological quantification and to find clinically significant correlations. In total, we studied 28 cortical tubers and seven samples of perituberal cortex from 28 TSC patients who had undergone epilepsy surgery. We assessed mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, the numbers of giant cells, dysmorphic neurons, neurons, and oligodendrocytes, and calcification, gliosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and myelin content. Three distinct histological profiles emerged based on the proportion of calcifications, dysmorphic neurons and giant cells designated types A, B, and C. In the latter two types we were able to subsequently associate them with specific features on presurgical MRI. Therefore, these histopathological patterns provide consistent criteria for improved definition of the clinico-pathological features of cortical tubers identified by MRI and provide a basis for further exploration of the functional and molecular features of cortical tubers in TSC.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epilepsie komplikace metabolismus patologie chirurgie MeSH
- glióza komplikace patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozková kůra patologie chirurgie MeSH
- multiproteinové komplexy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- myelinová pochva metabolismus patologie MeSH
- neurony patologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- TOR serin-threoninkinasy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- tuberózní skleróza komplikace metabolismus patologie chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Východisko. Tuberózní skleróza je autozomálně dominantní onemocnění charakterizované tvorbou novotvarů – hamartomů v různých orgánových systémech. Příčinou je mutace jednoho ze dvou tumor supresorových genů TSC1 nebo TSC2. Odhalování kauzálních mutací je vzhledem k jejich náhodné distribuci velmi náročné. Metody a výsledky. Práce referuje o provedení první prenatální diagnostiky tuberózní sklerózy v České republice založené na znalosti příčinné mutace. U těhotné ženy z rodiny s mutací Q435X byla provedena ve 13. týdnu gravidity denaturační gradientová gelová elektroforéza (DGGE) vzorku fetální DNA. Závěry. Vyšetření vyloučilo přítomnost sledované poruchy TSC1 genu u potomka.
Background. Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal-dominant disease characterised by development of benign growth - hamartomas in different organs. Disorder is caused by mutations affecting either of the tumor-suppressor genes, TSC1 or TSC2. Quest for causing mutations is very difficult due to their random distribution over the genes. Methods and Results. Article refers on accomplishment of the first tuberous sclerosis prenatal diagnostics in Czech Republic based on knowledge of causing mutation. Foetal DNA sample, obtained in 13th week from Q435X family pregnant woman, was analyzed by DGGE method. Conclusions. Examination excluded presence of tested TSC1 gene defect in an offspring.
- MeSH
- elektroforéza metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- prenatální diagnóza metody MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- tuberózní skleróza diagnóza genetika MeSH
- tumor supresorové geny MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH